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Cameroon Journal of Experimental Biology
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This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 1816-0573
Published by African Journals Online

[261 journals]

Antibiotic resistance pattern of extended-spectrum-beta
lactamases-producing Escherichia coli isolated from pregnant women and
their new born
- Authors: Carol Suzie Titsamp Lacmago, Simon Ngamli Fewou
  Pages: 1 - 8
  Abstract: The incidence of healthy pregnant women carrying CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli and their transmission to neonates is increasing worldwide. ESBL-E coli and especially the carriage of CTX-M-type causes early or late onset of neonatal sepsis, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality rates. Although maternal carriage and maternal-neonatal transmissions of ESBL-E have been reported in several countries, the prevalence of CTX-M-type ESBL-producing E. coli in pregnant women and its transmission to newborns at birth in Cameroon has not been reported yet. We describe here the carriage of CTX-M-type ESBL-producing E. coli pregnant women in neonatal ward of the Yaoundé gyneco-obstetric and pediatric hospital and their transmission to newborns. Among the 102 pregnant women and their newborns present in the ward, 88 (86.3%) and 75 (73.5%) E. coli strains were detected in rectal colonization, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of E. coli isolated from the mothers indicated a higher resistance rate to antibiotics of the β-lactams and sulfamide families, while the resistances to other antibiotic families (aminosides, quinolones and fluoroquinolones) were low. Comparatively, only cefotaxime (100%) showed a higher resistance rate to E. coli isolated from newborns. This may suggest a different source of contamination between mothers and newborns. Moreover, the rate of carriage of CTX-M-type ESBL-producing E. coli in pregnant mother and their newborns were 30.7 % and 14.7 %, respectively. This suggests that newborns had other colonization sources than the mothers. Indeed, multiple regression analysis indicated that newborns were exposed to CTX-M-type ESBL-producing E. coli from mothers and that from the hospital environment (eg. caregivers). Overall, the current investigation may provide insight on establishing an efficient therapeutic strategy against materno-neonatal and nosocomial transmission of CTX-M-type ESBL-producing E. coli.
  PubDate: 2022-04-15
  DOI: 10.4314/cajeb.v15i1.1
  Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 1 (2022)
Ecological characterization of interspecific relationships between human
parasites: conflict, cooperation or independence'
- Authors: Charles Félix Bilong Bilong , Martin Gael Oyono, Samuel Fosso , Léopold Gustave Lehman
  Pages: 9 - 15
  Abstract: During multiparasitism, the interspecific association among parasite species occur at the single host, population and community levels. Their detection and understanding are crucial to prevent and manage infectious diseases. In order to find out potential interspecific interactions among parasite species at a host population level, a cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2017 to July 2018 on schoolchildren aged from 4 to 15 years old; primary schools were randomly selected in the Nyong-et-Mfoumou Division. Stool samples and blood smears were analysed to detect parasitic forms of protozoa and helminths. Parasite interspecific associations were explored by ecological indices of association: Dice (D), Forbes (F) and tetrachoric coefficient (φ). The parasitological analysis revealed the presence of 13 parasite species belonging to 11 families, 9 orders, 7 classes and 5 phyla. A cooperation or positive association was found between E. coli and E. histolytica/dispar, A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura, E. coli and P. falciparum, E. histolytica/dispar and P. falciparum, E. coli and A. lumbricoides, and E. coli and T. trichiura. They co-occurred together more frequently than expected by chance. The conflict or negative association was noticed between G. intestinalis and both A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura, and between A. lumbricoides and P. falciparum. The independence was found between G. intestinalis and both E. histolytica/dispar and E. coli, and between M. perstans and En. nana, G. intestinalis, E. coli and E. histolytica/dispar. Further studies are needed to identify the real interaction mechanisms between parasite species and to evaluate the consequences of multiparasitism for both parasite species and the host.
  PubDate: 2022-04-15
  DOI: 10.4314/cajeb.v15i1.2
  Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 1 (2022)
Response of some maize (Zea mays L.) varieties to natural infection of
Maize streak virus in the Western Highlands of Cameroon
- Authors: Hervé Sime Djomo, Christopher Suh, Annih Grace Mbong, Dély Carlos Deloko Temfack, Hortense Mafouasson, Michel d’Aquin Mbotchak Leumassi, Martial Stéphane Kamtchoum, Théophile Fonkou
  Pages: 16 - 21
  Abstract: Viruses are a limiting factor in maize production worldwide. Maize streak virus (MSV) significantly reduces maize yield in Africa and causes production losses ranging from 30 to 100%. In Cameroon, the incidence of maize streak disease ranges from 10 to 60% depending on the agro-ecological zone; and this is due to the susceptibility of the varieties used. A natural screening of 12 maize varieties for resistance to MSV was conducted at Institute of Agricultural Research and Development (IRAD) at Foumbot in 2019 and 2020, during the dry and rainy seasons. Prior to the trial, vector abundance was determined in the different localities of the Western Highlands of Cameroon. The incidence and severity of maize streak disease (MSD) was assessed at symptom onset for all varieties. The presence of MSV in leaf samples was confirmed by the Triple Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (TAS-ELISA). The results showed that leafhoppers were more abundant in the Foumbot locality. MSV infections are higher in the dry season than in the rainy season. The maize varieties KASSAÏ, ACR06, ATP and MADJSYN VAR2 are less susceptible to MSV. These varieties could be used in the control of maize streak disease to limit yield losses.
  PubDate: 2022-04-15
  DOI: 10.4314/cajeb.v15i1.3
  Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 1 (2022)
Diversité des espèces fruitières et contraintes de production des
jardins de case des métropoles de la Région de l’Est Cameroun
- Authors: Charles Amele Ndjoumoui, Mathieu Tchideme, Edwin Dinayen Somnjom
  Pages: 22 - 27
  Abstract: The ever-increasing urbanisation and deforestation in the metropolises of the Eastern region has led to the loss of a great diversity of fruit and even forest species. In view of this difficulty, a study was carried out on diversity of fruit species and production contraints in home gardens in the metropolises of Eastern region of Cameroon. The methodological approach involved snowball sampling through the administration of a semi-structured questionnaire to 189 home gardens in the districts of Mandjou, Bertoua II and Batouri. The results showed a diversity of 15 fruit species corresponding to an abundance of 4126 individuals. The mandarin tree is the most cultivated species (1153 trees). Young trees (<10) are in the majority in Bertoua (55,3%) and Mandjou (60,5%). Seeds are mainly sourced from local markets (73%) and trees maintenance is almost non-existent (86,4%). The most important production contraint is low production (41,6%). This study highlighted the diversity of fruit species and production contraints in home gardens in the East Cameroon region. Key words : Diversity, fruit species, production contraints, home gardens.
  PubDate: 2022-04-15
  DOI: 10.4314/cajeb.v15i1.4
  Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 1 (2022)
Woody species diversity and ecological characteristics of the Mawouon
forest, in the Western Highlands of Cameroon
- Authors: Jonathan Moucharou Ngnignigniwou , Junior Baudoin Wouokoue Taffo, Victor François Nguetsop
  Pages: 28 - 34
  Abstract: This study was conducted to characterize the floristic, structural and ecological diversity of the Mawouon Forest in the Noun division (Western Highlands Cameroon). In total, 14 plots of 30 m x 100 m (3000 m²) were laid out. Within each, all individuals with a diameter ≥ 10 cm at 1.30 m in height were measured. A total of 2324 individuals belonging to 102 species, 78 genera and 35 families have been identified. The richest family was the Fabaceae (15 species) followed by Euphorbiaceae (12 species) and Moraceae (10 species). The most abundant family was the Rubiaceae (26.97%) followed by Euphorbiaceae (17.16%) and Cecropiaceae (12.65%). The Shannon diversity index was 4.51 bits and the Pielou evenness index was 0.67. Alchornea laxiflora with 89.21% of Important Value index was most importance species followed by Myrianthus arboreus (89.03%) and Polyscias fulva (79.12%). The diameter structure shows a predominance of young individuals. The abundance of megaphanerophytes and mesophanerophytes reflects the adaptive plant strategies that correspond to the competitive strategy. The relative abundance of Guinean-Congolese domain species translates a great maturity of this forest that seems little or not disturbed by human activity.
  PubDate: 2022-04-15
  DOI: 10.4314/cajeb.v15i1.5
  Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 1 (2022)