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Antioxidants
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.847  Citation Impact (citeScore): 3 Number of Followers: 4  Open Access journalISSN (Online) 2076-3921 Published by MDPI  [258 journals]
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- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 883: Oxidative Cysteine Post Translational
Modifications Drive the Redox Code Underlying Neurodegeneration and
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Anna Percio, Michela Cicchinelli, Domiziana Masci, Mariagrazia Summo, Andrea Urbani, Viviana Greco
First page: 883
Abstract: Redox dysregulation, an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, is crucial in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. Within this context, the “redoxome” encompasses the network of redox molecules collaborating to maintain cellular redox balance and signaling. Among these, cysteine-sensitive proteins are fundamental for this homeostasis. Due to their reactive thiol groups, cysteine (Cys) residues are particularly susceptible to oxidative post-translational modifications (PTMs) induced by free radicals (reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur species) which profoundly affect protein functions. Cys-PTMs, forming what is referred to as “cysteinet” in the redox proteome, are essential for redox signaling in both physiological and pathological conditions, including neurodegeneration. Such modifications significantly influence protein misfolding and aggregation, key hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and notably, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This review aims to explore the complex landscape of cysteine PTMs in the cellular redox environment, elucidating their impact on neurodegeneration at protein level. By investigating specific cysteine-sensitive proteins and the regulatory networks involved, particular emphasis is placed on the link between redox dysregulation and ALS, highlighting this pathology as a prime example of a neurodegenerative disease wherein such redox dysregulation is a distinct hallmark.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-23
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080883
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 884: Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of
Green-Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles and Ericaria selaginoides Extract for
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Nayana Freire de Almeida Fontes, Mário Fernandes, Noelia González-Ballesteros, Maria Carmen Rodríguez-Argüelles, Andreia Castro Gomes, Antoniella Souza Gomes Duarte
First page: 884
Abstract: Addressing disease remission and treatment adherence in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as Crohn’s disease, poses significant challenges due to underlying oxidative and inflammatory processes. Nanotechnology emerges as a promising avenue for enhancing therapeutic outcomes in IBD by optimizing drug bioactivity, reducing toxicity, and extending circulation time. Gold nanoparticles, known for their resistance to gastrointestinal pH and possessing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, offer particular promise. They can be produced by green synthesis with seaweed Ericaria selaginoides (ES), itself associated with gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. In a murine model of Crohn’s disease induced with 8% acetic acid, pretreatment with dexamethasone (0.2 mL/30 g) or Au@ES (25 and 50 mg/kg) effectively mitigated inflammatory features. Notably, ES (50 mg/kg) and Au@ES (50 mg/kg) administration resulted in significant reductions in both macroscopic and microscopic inflammation scores compared to the disease control group. Furthermore, these treatments normalized inflammatory cytokine expression while safeguarding myenteric plexus glial cells. They also impeded neutrophil activation, leading to reduced myeloperoxidase activity and lipid peroxidation, coupled with increased glutathione levels. In conclusion, ES and Au@ES exhibit potent efficacy in counteracting inflammation and oxidation processes in an experimental Crohn’s disease model, suggesting their potential as alternative therapeutic strategies for IBD.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-23
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080884
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 885: Citrate Promotes Nitric Oxide Production
during Human Sperm Capacitation
Authors: Diego Loggia, Cristian O’Flaherty
First page: 885
Abstract: Sperm capacitation is a complex process essential for the spermatozoon to recognize and fertilize the oocyte. For capacitation to occur, human spermatozoa require low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased protein tyrosine phosphorylation, and sufficient levels of energy metabolites such as citrate. Human spermatozoa are exposed to high concentrations of citrate from the seminal plasma, yet the role of citrate in sperm capacitation is largely unknown. We report that citrate can support capacitation in human spermatozoa incubated with no other energy metabolites in the capacitation medium. Reduced capacitation levels were observed in spermatozoa incubated with inhibitors of mitochondrial citrate transporter (CIC), cytosolic ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), malic enzyme (ME), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). The role of citrate metabolism in ROS production was further elucidated as citrate increased NO● production in capacitated spermatozoa, whereas inhibition of ACLY reduced NO● production. This research characterizes a novel metabolic pathway for citrate to produce NO● in the process of human sperm capacitation.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-23
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080885
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 886: The Impairment of Endothelial Autophagy
Accelerates Renal Senescence by Ferroptosis and NLRP3 Inflammasome
Signaling Pathways with the Disruption of Endothelial Barrier
Authors: Jin Won Kim, Sun Ah Nam, Eun-Sil Koh, Hyung Wook Kim, Sua Kim, Jin Ju Woo, Yong Kyun Kim
First page: 886
Abstract: Autophagy is a cellular process that degrades damaged cytoplasmic components and regulates cell death. The homeostasis of endothelial cells (ECs) is crucial for the preservation of glomerular structure and function in aging. Here, we investigated the precise mechanisms of endothelial autophagy in renal aging. The genetic deletion of Atg7 in the ECs of Atg7flox/flox;Tie2-Cre mice accelerated aging-related glomerulopathy and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The EC-specific Atg7 deletion in aging mice induced the detachment of EC with the disruption of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) assembly and increased podocyte loss resulting in microalbuminuria. A Transwell co-culture system of ECs and kidney organoids showed that the iron and oxidative stress induce the disruption of the endothelial barrier and increase vascular permeability, which was accelerated by the inhibition of autophagy. This resulted in the leakage of iron through the endothelial barrier into kidney organoids and increased oxidative stress, which led to ferroptotic cell death. The ferritin accumulation was increased in the kidneys of the EC-specific Atg7-deficient aging mice and upregulated the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. The pharmacologic inhibition of ferroptosis with liproxstatin-1 recovered the disrupted endothelial barrier and reversed the decreased expression of GPX4, as well as NLRP3 and IL-1β, in endothelial autophagy-deficient aged mice, which attenuated aging-related renal injury including the apoptosis of renal cells, abnormal structures of GBM, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Our data showed that endothelial autophagy is essential for the maintenance of the endothelial barrier during renal aging and the impairment of endothelial autophagy accelerates renal senescence by ferroptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways. These processes may be attractive therapeutic targets to reduce cellular injury from renal aging.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-23
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080886
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 887: Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Blocks Bone
Marrow-Derived Macrophage Differentiation through Elimination of Reactive
Oxygen Species
Authors: Taylor H. Carter, Chloe E. Weyer-Nichols, Jeffrey I. Garcia-Sanchez, Kiesha Wilson, Prakash Nagarkatti, Mitzi Nagarkatti
First page: 887
Abstract: Macrophages are vital components of the immune system and serve as the first line of defense against pathogens. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) induces macrophage differentiation from bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs). Δ9-tetrahydrocannabiol (THC), a phytocannabinoid from the Cannabis plant, has profound anti-inflammatory properties with significant effects on myeloid cells. To investigate the effect of THC on macrophage differentiation, we cultured BMDCs with M-CSF in the presence of THC. Interestingly, THC markedly blocked the differentiation of BMDCs into CD45 + CD11b + F4/80+ macrophages. The effect of THC was independent of cannabinoid receptors CB1, and CB2, as well as other potential receptors such as GPR18, GPR55, and Adenosine 2A Receptor. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the THC-treated BMDCs displayed a significant increase in the expression of NRF2-ARE-related genes. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the expression profiles of THC-treated cells correlated with ferroptosis and glutathione metabolism pathways. Fluorescence-based labile iron assays showed that the THC-treated BMDCs had significantly increased iron levels. Finally, THC-exposed BMDCs showed decreased levels of intracellular ROS. THC has the unique molecular property to block the Fenton Reaction, thus preventing the increase in intracellular ROS that is normally induced by high iron levels. Together, these studies demonstrated that THC blocks M-CSF-induced macrophage differentiation by inhibiting ROS production through both the induction of NRF2-ARE-related gene expression and the prevention of ROS formation via the Fenton Reaction.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-23
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080887
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 888: Investigation of Antioxidant Mechanisms
of Novel Peptides Derived from Asian Swamp Eel Hydrolysate in Chemical
Systems and AAPH-Induced Human Erythrocytes
Authors: Xiao Wang, Bingjie Chen, Khushwant S. Bhullar, Hang Yang, Xiaohu Luo, Juan Fu, Hongru Liu, Di Su, Dapeng Sun, Yongjin Qiao, Wenzong Zhou
First page: 888
Abstract: Sixteen novel antioxidant peptides from Asian swamp eel (ASE) were identified in previous studies. However, their chemical and cellular antioxidant mechanisms remain unclear. Molecular docking of these peptides with ABTS and DPPH radicals revealed the critical role of hydrogen bonding and Pi–Pi stacking hydrophobic interactions between hydrophobic amino acid residues and free radicals. Residues, such as tryptophan, proline, leucine, and valine, played significant roles in these interactions. All these peptides exhibited notable erythrocyte morphoprotective effects in a model of AAPH-induced oxidative damage of human erythrocytes. Erythrocyte hemolysis was reduced primarily through the modulation of both non-enzymatic (GSH/GSSG) and enzymatic antioxidant systems (SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px) by these peptides. A decrease in levels of MDA, LDH release, and hemoglobin oxidation was observed. Among the peptides, VLYPW demonstrated superior chemical and cellular antioxidant activities, which may be attributed to its higher levels of tyrosine and tryptophan, as well as to its increased hydrophobic amino acid content.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-23
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080888
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 889: Role of Myeloperoxidase, Oxidative
Stress, and Inflammation in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Tzong-Jin Wu, Xigang Jing, Michelle Teng, Kirkwood A. Pritchard, Billy W. Day, Stephen Naylor, Ru-Jeng Teng
First page: 889
Abstract: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a lung complication of premature births. The leading causes of BPD are oxidative stress (OS) from oxygen treatment, infection or inflammation, and mechanical ventilation. OS activates alveolar myeloid cells with subsequent myeloperoxidase (MPO)-mediated OS. Premature human neonates lack sufficient antioxidative capacity and are susceptible to OS. Unopposed OS elicits inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and cellular senescence, culminating in a BPD phenotype. Poor nutrition, patent ductus arteriosus, and infection further aggravate OS. BPD survivors frequently suffer from reactive airway disease, neurodevelopmental deficits, and inadequate exercise performance and are prone to developing early-onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Rats and mice are commonly used to study BPD, as they are born at the saccular stage, comparable to human neonates at 22–36 weeks of gestation. The alveolar stage in rats and mice starts at the postnatal age of 5 days. Because of their well-established antioxidative capacities, a higher oxygen concentration (hyperoxia, HOX) is required to elicit OS lung damage in rats and mice. Neutrophil infiltration and ER stress occur shortly after HOX, while cellular senescence is seen later. Studies have shown that MPO plays a critical role in the process. A novel tripeptide, N-acetyl-lysyltyrosylcysteine amide (KYC), a reversible MPO inhibitor, attenuates BPD effectively. In contrast, the irreversible MPO inhibitor—AZD4831—failed to provide similar efficacy. Interestingly, KYC cannot offer its effectiveness without the existence of MPO. We review the mechanisms by which this anti-MPO agent attenuates BPD.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-23
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080889
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 890: Phytochemical, Antimicrobial, and
Antioxidant Activity of Different Extracts from Frozen, Freeze-Dried, and
Oven-Dried Jostaberries Grown in Moldova
Authors: Viorica Bulgaru, Angela Gurev, Alexei Baerle, Veronica Dragancea, Greta Balan, Daniela Cojocari, Rodica Sturza, Maria-Loredana Soran, Aliona Ghendov-Mosanu
First page: 890
Abstract: In this paper, the qualitative and quantitative profile is evaluated of the bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity (AA), microbiostatic properties, as well as the color parameters of jostaberry extracts, obtained from frozen (FJ), freeze-dried (FDJ), and oven-dried berries (DJ). The optimal extraction conditions by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were selected after determination of the total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total antocyanin content (TA), AA by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), and the free radical cation 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonates (ABTS). Non-conventional extraction methods are less destructive to anthocyanins, while drying the berries reduced TA, regardless of the extraction method. The oven-drying process reduced the concentration of TA in DJ extracts by 99.4% and of ascorbic acid by 92.42% compared to FJ. AA was influenced by the jostaberry pretreatment methods. The DPPH and ABTS tests recorded values (mg Trolox equivalent/g dry weight) between 17.60 and 35.26 and 35.64 and 109.17 for FJ extracts, between 7.50 and 7.96 and 45.73 and 82.22 for FDJ, as well as between 6.31 and 7.40 and 34.04 and 52.20 for DJ, respectively. The jostaberry pretreatment produced significant changes in all color parameters. Mutual information analysis, applied to determine the influence of ultrasound and microwave durations on TPC, TFC, TA, AA, pH, and color parameters in jostaberry extracts, showed the greatest influence on TA (0.367 bits) and TFC (0.329 bits). The DPPH and ABTS inhibition capacity of all FJ’ extracts had higher values and varied more strongly, depending on pH, heat treatment, and storage time, compared to the AA values of FDJ’ and DJ’ extracts. A significant antimicrobial effect was observed on all bacterial strains studied for FJP. FDJP was more active on Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. DJP was more active on Salmonella Abony and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antifungal effect of DJP was stronger compared to FDJP. Jostaberry extracts obtained under different conditions can be used in food production, offering a wide spectrum of red hues.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-23
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080890
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 891: Ameliorative Effects of HT074-Inula and
Paeonia Extract Mixture on Acute Reflux Esophagitis in Rats via
Antioxidative Activity
Authors: Young-Sik Kim, Yeonjin Park, Yongbin Kim, Hyo-Eun Son, Jinhui Rhee, Chang-Won Pyun, Chanoh Park, Hocheol Kim
First page: 891
Abstract: HT074, a multiherbal mixture containing extracts from Inula britannica flowers and Paeonia lactiflora roots, is used in Korean medicine for gastric disorders. This study investigated the protective mechanisms of HT074 against acute reflux esophagitis (RE) in rats. Nitric oxide (NO) production and mRNA expression of antioxidant-related genes (Nrf2, HO-1, SOD, CAT, and GPx2) were evaluated in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) was induced in rats, followed by HT074 (100, 300 mg/kg) or ranitidine (50 mg/kg) administration. Esophageal damage and histological changes were assessed. Gastric pH and protein expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, SOD, CAT, and GPx-1/2 were measured. HT074 pretreatment reduced NO production and increased the expression of HO-1, CAT, and GPx2 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. In GER-induced rats, HT074 significantly decreased esophageal lesions and increased the expression of HO-1, SOD, GPx-1/2, and Nrf2. HT074 did not affect gastric pH. These findings suggest that HT074 protects against GER-induced esophagitis by inhibiting NO production and enhancing antioxidant activity. Therefore, HT074 could be a promising therapeutic agent for GER disease.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-23
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080891
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 892: Multi-Omics Revealed Resveratrol and
β-Hydroxy-β-methyl Butyric Acid Alone or in Combination Improved
the Jejunal Function in Tibetan Sheep
Authors: Qiurong Ji, Fengshuo Zhang, Yu Zhang, Quyangangmao Su, Tingli He, Shengzhen Hou, Linsheng Gui
First page: 892
Abstract: Previous research studies confirmed that both resveratrol (RES) and β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyric acid (HMB) improved growth performance by altering intestinal microbiota. However, the mechanism underlying of RES and HMB on intestinal function remains unclear in ruminant. In this study, supplements of RES and HMB alone or in combination were evaluated as promoters of antioxidant capacity, immune response and barrier function, and modulators of the microbiota and metabolite profiles in the jejunum of Tibetan sheep. A total of 120 two-month-old Tibetan rams were randomly divided into four treatments (n = 30 per treatment), which were supplemented with a basal diet with 1.5 g RES/d (RES group), 1.25 g HMB/d (HMB group), 1.5 g RES/d plus 1.25 g HMB/d (RES-HMB group), and without additions (Control group). The results showed that RES and HMB improved the antioxidant capacity (CAT, GSH-Px, SOD, and T-AOC), immunity (IgA, IgG, and IgM), and digestive enzyme activity (α-amylase, lipase, and chymotrypsin) of the experimental lambs (p < 0.05). Additionally, jejunal morphology including villus width, villus height, and muscle layer thickness exhibited a significant difference when rams were fed diets supplemented with RES and HMB (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the determination of fermentation parameters showed that the butyrate concentration in the RES-HMB group was greater than those in the C and RES groups (p < 0.05). When compared to the C group, barrier-related gene expression (MUC-2, ZO-1, and IL-10) was significantly increased in the RES-HMB group (p < 0.05). Dietary RES and (or) HMB supplementation significantly increased the abundance of Methanobrevibacter, Actinobacteriota and Bacillus (p < 0.05). The abundance of differential bacteria was positively associated with butyrate concentration (p < 0.05). Metabolome analysis revealed that alpha ketoglutarate, succinic semialdehyde, and diacetyl as well as butanoate metabolism pathways connected to the improvements in butyrate concentration by RES and (or) HMB supplementation. Collectively, our results suggested that RES and (or) HMB supplementation improved butyrate concentration via regulating the microbial community (Methanobrevibacter, Actinobacteriota and Bacillus) and metabolism (alpha ketoglutarate, succinic semialdehyde, and diacetyl), thus contributing to jejunal morphology, antioxidant capacity, immune response, digestive enzyme activity, and barrier function.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-24
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080892
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 893: Magnesium: A Defense Line to Mitigate
Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue
Authors: Roberta Cazzola, Matteo Della Porta, Gabriele Piuri, Jeanette A. Maier
First page: 893
Abstract: Magnesium (Mg) is involved in essential cellular and physiological processes. Globally, inadequate consumption of Mg is widespread among populations, especially those who consume processed foods, and its homeostasis is impaired in obese individuals and type 2 diabetes patients. Since Mg deficiency triggers oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, common features of several frequent chronic non-communicable diseases, interest in this mineral is growing in clinical medicine as well as in biomedicine. To date, very little is known about the role of Mg deficiency in adipose tissue. In obesity, the increase in fat tissue leads to changes in the release of cytokines, causing low-grade inflammation and macrophage infiltration. Hypomagnesemia in obesity can potentiate the excessive production of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction, and decreased ATP production. Importantly, Mg plays a role in regulating intracellular calcium concentration and is involved in carbohydrate metabolism and insulin receptor activity. This narrative review aims to consolidate existing knowledge, identify research gaps, and raise awareness of the critical role of Mg in supporting adipose tissue metabolism and preventing oxidative stress.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-24
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080893
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 894: Synthesis, Characterization, and
Evaluation of a Hindered Phenol-Linked Benzophenone Hybrid Compound as a
Potential Polymer Anti-Aging Agent
Authors: Shenshuai Wang, Yingjie Huang, Weiye Sun, Xufeng Lin
First page: 894
Abstract: Hindered phenol antioxidants and benzophenone UV absorbers are common polymer additives and often used in combination applications to enhance the anti-aging performance of polymer materials. This study primarily aims to incorporate hindered phenol and benzophenone structures into a single molecule to develop a multifunctional polymer additive with good anti-aging performance. Thus, a novel potential polymer anti-aging agent, namely 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid 3-(4-benzoyl-3-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl ester (3C), was synthesized using 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, 3-bromo-1-propanol, and 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone as raw materials by two-step procedure. The structure of compound 3C was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray single crystal diffraction. Its thermal stability and UV resistance were assessed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV absorption spectroscopy (UV). The compound 3C as an additive was incorporated into the preparation of polyolefin elastomer (POE) films. The anti-aging performance of POE films was evaluated by measuring parameters such as oxidation induction time, melt flow index, transmittance, and infrared spectra of the artificially aged POE films. The results indicate that the compound 3C exhibits a promising anti-aging performance in both thermo-oxidative aging and ultraviolet aging tests of POE films and is a potential polymer anti-aging agent.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-24
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080894
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 895: Antioxidant, Antitumoral, Antimicrobial,
and Prebiotic Activity of Magnetite Nanoparticles Loaded with Bee
Pollen/Bee Bread Extracts and 5-Fluorouracil
Authors: Cornelia-Ioana Ilie, Angela Spoiala, Cristina Chircov, Georgiana Dolete, Ovidiu-Cristian Oprea, Bogdan-Stefan Vasile, Simona Adriana Crainiceanu, Adrian-Ionut Nicoara, Ioana Cristina Marinas, Miruna Silvia Stan, Lia-Mara Ditu, Anton Ficai, Eliza Oprea
First page: 895
Abstract: The gut microbiota dysbiosis that often occurs in cancer therapy requires more efficient treatment options to be developed. In this concern, the present research approach is to develop drug delivery systems based on magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) as nanocarriers for bioactive compounds. First, MNPs were synthesized through the spraying-assisted coprecipitation method, followed by loading bee pollen or bee bread extracts and an antitumoral drug (5-fluorouracil/5-FU). The loaded-MNPs were morphologically and structurally characterized through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and thermogravimetric analysis. UV-Vis spectroscopy was applied to establish the release profiles and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the antibacterial and antitumoral activity of loaded-MNPs was assessed. The results demonstrate that MNPs with antioxidant, antibacterial, antiproliferative, and prebiotic properties are obtained. Moreover, the data highlight the improvement of 5-FU antibacterial activity by loading on the MNPs’ surface and the synergistic effects between the anticancer drug and phenolic compounds (PCs). In addition, the prolonged release behavior of PCs for many hours (70–75 h) after the release of 5-FU from the developed nanocarriers is an advantage, at least from the point of view of the antioxidant activity of PCs. Considering the enhancement of L. rhamnosus MF9 growth and antitumoral activity, this study developed promising drug delivery alternatives for colorectal cancer therapy.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-24
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080895
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 896: Activation of Nuclear Factor Erythroid
2-Related Factor 2 Transcriptionally Upregulates Ectonucleotide
Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase 1 Expression and Inhibits Ectopic
Calcification in Mice
Authors: Tomomi Tomomi, Hiroyuki Kanzaki, Miho Shimoyama, Syunnosuke Tohyama, Misao Ishikawa, Yuta Katsumata, Chihiro Arai, Satoshi Wada, Shugo Manase, Hiroshi Tomonari
First page: 896
Abstract: Calcification plays a key role in biological processes, and breakdown of the regulatory mechanism results in a pathological state such as ectopic calcification. We hypothesized that ENPP1, the enzyme that produces the calcification inhibitor pyrophosphate, is transcriptionally regulated by Nrf2, and that Nrf2 activation augments ENPP1 expression to inhibit ectopic calcification. Cell culture experiments were performed using mouse osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1. Nrf2 was activated by 5-aminolevulinic acid and sodium ferrous citrate. Nrf2 overexpression was induced by the transient transfection of an Nrf2 expression plasmid. ENPP1 expression was monitored by real-time RT-PCR. Because the promoter region of ENPP1 contains several Nrf2-binding sites, chromatin immunoprecipitation using an anti-Nrf2 antibody followed by real-time PCR (ChIP-qPCR) was performed. The relationship between Nrf2 activation and osteoblastic differentiation was examined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin red staining. We used mice with a hypomorphic mutation in ENPP1 (ttw mice) to analyze whether Nrf2 activation inhibits ectopic calcification. Nrf2 and Nrf2 overexpression augmented ENPP1 expression and inhibited osteoblastic differentiation, as indicated by ALP expression and calcium deposits. ChIP-qPCR showed that some putative Nrf2-binding sites in the ENPP1 promoter region were bound by Nrf2. Nrf2 activation inhibited ectopic calcification in mice. ENPP1 gene expression was transcriptionally regulated by Nrf2, and Nrf2 activation augmented ENPP1 expression, leading to the attenuation of osteoblastic differentiation and ectopic calcification in vitro and in vivo. Nrf2 activation has a therapeutic potential for preventing ectopic calcification.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-24
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080896
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 897: The Multifaceted Role of Alpha-Lipoic
Acid in Cancer Prevention, Occurrence, and Treatment
Authors: Shuai Yan, Jiajie Lu, Bingqing Chen, Liuxia Yuan, Lin Chen, Linglin Ju, Weihua Cai, Jinzhu Wu
First page: 897
Abstract: Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring compound synthesized by mitochondria and widely distributed in both animal and plant tissues. It primarily influences cellular metabolism and oxidative stress networks through its antioxidant properties and is an important drug for treating metabolic diseases associated with oxidative damage. Nevertheless, research indicates that the mechanism by which ALA affects cancer cells is distinct from that observed in normal cells, exhibiting pro-oxidative properties. Therefore, this review aims to describe the main chemical and biological functions of ALA in the cancer environment, including its mechanisms and effects in tumor prevention and anticancer activity, as well as its role as an adjunctive drug in cancer therapy. We specifically focus on the interactions between ALA and various carcinogenic and anti-carcinogenic pathways and discuss ALA’s pro-oxidative capabilities in the unique redox environment of cancer cells. Additionally, we elaborate on ALA’s roles in nanomedicine, hypoxia-inducible factors, and cancer stem cell research, proposing hypotheses and potential explanations for currently unresolved issues.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-25
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080897
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 898: Multitarget Pharmacology of
Sulfur–Nitrogen Heterocycles: Anticancer and Antioxidant
Perspectives
Authors: Aliki Drakontaeidi, Ilias Papanotas, Eleni Pontiki
First page: 898
Abstract: Cancer and oxidative stress are interrelated, with reactive oxygen species (ROS) playing crucial roles in physiological processes and oncogenesis. Excessive ROS levels can induce DNA damage, leading to cancer, and disrupt antioxidant defenses, contributing to diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. Antioxidant mechanisms include enzymes and small molecules that mitigate ROS damage. However, cancer cells often exploit oxidative conditions to evade apoptosis and promote tumor growth. Antioxidant therapy has shown mixed results, with timing and cancer-type influencing outcomes. Multifunctional drugs targeting multiple pathways offer a promising approach, reducing side effects and improving efficacy. Recent research focuses on sulfur-nitrogen heterocyclic derivatives for their dual antioxidant and anticancer properties, potentially enhancing therapeutic efficacy in oncology. The newly synthesized compounds often do not demonstrate both antioxidant and anticancer properties simultaneously. Heterocyclic rings are typically combined with phenyl groups, where hydroxy substitutions enhance antioxidant activity. On the other hand, electron-withdrawing substituents, particularly at the p-position on the phenyl ring, tend to enhance anticancer activity.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-25
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080898
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 899: Change of Flavonoid Content in
Wheatgrass in a Historic Collection of Wheat Cultivars
Authors: Chu-Yang Wang, Xiao-Ming Li, Han-Xiao Du, Yan Yan, Zhong-Zhong Chen, Chen-Xi Zhang, Xin-Bo Yan, Shui-Yuan Hao, Jin-Ying Gou
First page: 899
Abstract: Wheatgrass is recognized for its nutritional and medicinal properties, partly attributed to its flavonoid content. The objective of this study was to assess the flavonoid content and antioxidant properties of wheatgrass obtained from a wide range of 145 wheat cultivars, which included Chinese landraces (CL), modern Chinese cultivars (MCC), and introduced modern cultivars (IMC). The flavonoids were extracted using a solution of 80% methanol, and their content was evaluated using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). The results revealed the assessed cultivars showed significant variation in their total flavonoid content (TFC), with MCCs generally having higher amounts compared to CLs. PCA analysis demonstrated clear variations in flavonoid profiles between different cultivar groups, emphasizing the evolutionary inconsistencies in wheat breeding. The antioxidant assays, ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP, exhibited robust abilities for eliminating radicals, which were found to be directly associated with the amounts of flavonoids. In addition, this study investigated the correlation between the content of flavonoids and the ability to resist powdery mildew in a collection of mutated wheat plants. Mutants exhibiting heightened flavonoid accumulation demonstrated a decreased severity of powdery mildew, suggesting that flavonoids play a protective role against fungal infections. The results highlight the potential of wheatgrass as a valuable source of flavonoids that have antioxidant and protective effects. This potential is influenced by the genetic diversity and breeding history of wheatgrass. Gaining insight into these connections can guide future wheat breeding endeavors aimed at improving nutritional value and in strengthening disease resistance. The current finding provides critical information for developing wheatgrass with high flavonoid content and antioxidant activity.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-25
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080899
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 900: Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. Honey Prevents
Inflammation Response and Inhibits Ferroptosis by Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway in
DSS-Induced Human Caco-2 Cells
Authors: Caijun Ren, Yuying Zhu, Qiangqiang Li, Miao Wang, Suzhen Qi, Dandan Sun, Liming Wu, Liuwei Zhao
First page: 900
Abstract: Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. (L. bicolor) honey, a monofloral honey, has garnered increased attention due to its origin in the L. bicolor plant. A previous study has shown that L. bicolor honey can ameliorate inflammation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of L. bicolor honey extract and its biomarker (Trifolin) on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis (UC). Our results demonstrated that L. bicolor honey extract and Trifolin significantly increased the expression levels of the tight junction cytokines Claudin-1 and ZO-1. Additionally, they decreased the pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 and enhanced the antioxidant factors NQO1 and GSTA1. Based on metabolomic analyses, L. bicolor honey extract and Trifolin regulated the progression of UC by inhibiting ferroptosis. Mechanistically, they improved the levels of SOD and iron load, increased the GSH/GSSG ratio, reduced MDA content and ROS release, and upregulated the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, thereby inhibiting DSS-induced UC. Moreover, the expression levels of ferroptosis-related genes indicated that they decreased FTL, ACSL4, and PTGS2 while increasing SLC7A11 expression to resist ferroptosis. In conclusion, our study found that L. bicolor honey improves DSS-induced UC by inhibiting ferroptosis by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. These findings further elucidate the understanding of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of L. bicolor honey.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-25
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080900
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 901: Targeting Circadian Protein
Rev-erbα to Alleviate Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Enhance
Functional Recovery Following Brain Trauma
Authors: Arief Gunawan Darmanto, Jing-Shiun Jan, Ting-Lin Yen, Shin-Wei Huang, Ruei-Dun Teng, Jia-Yi Wang, Rajeev Taliyan, Joen-Rong Sheu, Chih-Hao Yang
First page: 901
Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and its pathophysiology is characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation. Despite extensive research, effective treatments for TBI remain elusive. Recent studies highlighted the critical interplay between TBI and circadian rhythms, but the detailed regulation remains largely unknown. Motivated by the observed sustained decrease in Rev-erbα after TBI, we aimed to understand the critical role of Rev-erbα in the pathophysiology of TBI and determine its feasibility as a therapeutic target. Using a mouse model of TBI, we observed that TBI significantly downregulates Rev-erbα levels, exacerbating inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. The regulation of Rev-erbα with either the pharmacological activator or inhibitor bidirectionally modulated inflammatory and oxidative events, which in turn influenced neurobehavioral outcomes, highlighting the protein’s protective role. Mechanistically, Rev-erbα influences the expression of key oxidative stress and inflammatory regulatory genes. A reduction in Rev-erbα following TBI likely contributes to increased oxidative damage and inflammation, creating a detrimental environment for neuronal survival and recovery which could be reversed via the pharmacological activation of Rev-erbα. Our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting Rev-erbα to mitigate TBI-induced damage and improve outcomes, especially in TBI-susceptible populations with disrupted circadian regulation.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-25
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080901
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 902: The Influence of β-Carotene and Its
Liposomal Form on the Expression of EMT Markers and Androgen-Dependent
Pathways in Different Prostate Cell Lines
Authors: Joanna Dulińska-Litewka, Kacper Dykas, Stanisław Boznański, Przemysław Hałubiec, Marta Kaczor-Kamińska, Jacek Zagajewski, Torsten Bohn, Gracjan Wątor
First page: 902
Abstract: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy in men. Although the prognosis in the early stages is good, the treatment of advanced PCa remains a formidable challenge. Even after an initial response to hormone therapy or chemotherapy, recurrences are frequent and resistance to any systemic treatment is common. β-Carotene (BC), a plant-derived tetraterpene, is known for its antioxidant capacity and can modulate multiple cellular signaling pathways, potentially affecting androgen synthesis. We investigated the influence of BC (dissolved in EtOH/THF with a cell culture medium or encapsulated in liposomes (LP-BCs)) on the viability, migration potential, and connective tissue cleavage capabilities of several PCa cell lines (Du145, LNCaP, PC-3, and 22Rv1) and a healthy prostate model (RWPE cells). BC significantly reduced the proliferative capacity of all investigated cell lines at various concentrations (1.5–30 µM) and decreased cell migration. However, it significantly increased the expression of epidermal–mesenchymal transition (EMT) master proteins in all cancer cell lines and RWPE (p < 0.05) These effects were not observed with LP-BCs. This study suggests that LP-BCs, with their higher antiproliferative capabilities and pronounced inhibition of the EMT, may be a more effective form of possible PCa prevention or treatment than the free form. LPs may also modulate lipid metabolism in PCa cells.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-25
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080902
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 903: Causal Effects of Oxidative Stress on
Diabetes Mellitus and Microvascular Complications: Insights Integrating
Genome-Wide Mendelian Randomization, DNA Methylation, and Proteome
Authors: Kang Liu, Zitong Chen, Lishan Liu, Ting Li, Changying Xing, Feng Han, Huijuan Mao
First page: 903
Abstract: Background: Oxidative stress (OS) is involved in the development of diabetes, but the genetic mechanisms are not completely understood. We integrated multi-omics data in order to explore the genetic relations between OS-related genes, diabetes mellitus, and microvascular complications using Mendelian randomization and colocalization analysis. Methods: Summary-level data related to OS were acquired from respective studies of methylation, expression, and protein abundance quantitative trait loci. Genetic associations concerning diabetes, diabetic nephropathy (DN), and diabetic retinopathy (DR) were derived from the FinnGen study. Summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) analysis was conducted to evaluate the correlations between molecular features concerned with OS-related genes and diabetes mellitus, along with its microvascular complications. Additionally, we performed colocalization analysis to determine if the detected signal pairs shared a causal genetic variant. Results: At the genetic level, we identified ten potential causal associations of oxidative stress genes with diabetes, along with microvascular complications, through SMR and colocalization analysis. After integrating the DNA methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTL) and expression QTL (eQTL) data, our analyses revealed a correlation between the methylation site cg26343298 and reduced expression of TP53INP1, supporting the protective role of cg26343298 methylation on type 2 diabetes (T2D) and diabetic nephropathy. Similarly, an inverse association was observed between gene methylation and expression in CHEK1 (cg07110182), confirming the beneficial effect of modification of CHEK1 by cg07110182 in diabetic retinopathy. In addition, upregulation of SUOX expression by cg22580629 was linked to a reduced risk of diabetic retinopathy. At circulating protein levels, genetically predicted a higher level of ICAM1 (OR 1.05, 95%CI 1.03–1.08) was positively connected with the risk of diabetic retinopathy. Conclusions: This SMR study elucidated that the TP53INP1 gene was putatively associated with T2D and DN risk, while the SUOX and CHEK1 genes were associated with DR risk through oxidative stress mechanisms. Additionally, our study showed a positive correlation between the ICAM-1 protein and DR. These findings may enhance our understanding of their pathogenesis and suggest new therapeutic targets for clinical practice.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-26
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080903
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 904: Intragland Expression of the Shh Gene
Alleviates Irradiation-Induced Salivary Gland Injury through Microvessel
Protection and the Regulation of Oxidative Stress
Authors: Meijun Hu, Liang Hu, Tao Yang, Bowen Zhou, Xuanhe Feng, Zhipeng Fan, Zhaochen Shan
First page: 904
Abstract: Radiation-induced salivary gland injury (RISGI) is a common complication of radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer. Intragland expression of the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) gene may partially rescue irradiation (IR)-induced hyposalivation by preserving salivary stem/progenitor cells and parasympathetic innervation, maintaining resident macrophages, and maintaining microvascular density. Previous studies have revealed that Ad-Rat Shh transduction through the salivary glands of miniature pigs can ameliorate oxidative stress-induced microvascular dysfunction after radiotherapy. Changes in the parotid salivary flow rate were analyzed, and the parotid tissue was collected at 5 and 20 weeks after IR. Changes in the Hedgehog pathway and vascular function-related markers (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD31) and oxidative stress-related markers were detected via immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. A stable Shh-overexpressing cell line was generated from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and exposed to 10 Gy X-ray irradiation, after which endothelial cell proliferation, senescence, apoptosis, and vascular function were evaluated. We found that intragland expression of the Shh gene efficiently alleviated IR-induced parotid gland injury in a miniature pig model. Our results indicate that the antioxidative stress and microvascular-protective effects of the Hh pathway are regulated by nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2).
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-26
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080904
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 905: Astaxanthin Supplementation Does Not
Alter Training-Related Changes in Inflammatory Cytokine Profile in Arabian
Racing Horses
Authors: Beata Giercuszkiewicz-Hecold, Marek Kulka, Michał Czopowicz, Ewa Szarska, Katarzyna Strzelec, Arkadiusz Grzeczka, Szymon Graczyk, Marta Wiśniewska, Zofia Jędrzejkowska, Aleksandra Rumińska, Krzysztof Marycz, Anna Cywińska
First page: 905
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the oral supplementation of astaxanthin (ATX) on inflammatory markers in 3-year-old Arabian racehorses. Despite the recognized antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of ATX observed in vitro in rodent models and in human athletes, the effects in equine subjects remain unknown. This study involved a controlled trial with 14 horses receiving either ATX (six horses) or a placebo (eight horses), monitored over four months of race training. Inflammatory cytokines: TNFα, IFNγ, IL-6, IL-10, and prostaglandin E (PGE), were measured monthly to assess the impact of ATX on the inflammatory response. The results indicated no significant differences in measured parameters between the ATX and the control group during the study. However, a significant time-dependent decrease in TNFα and IFNγ levels (p = 0.001) was observed in both groups, suggesting that regular training naturally modulates inflammatory responses. Moreover, positive correlations were noted between TNFα and IFNγ (p < 0.001) in the early phase of the study and between IL-6 and IL-10 (p = 0.008) in the later phase. Hematological parameters remained stable and within reference ranges, indicating no adverse effects of ATX supplementation. Performance metrics, including the number of races completed and wins, showed no significant differences between groups, suggesting that ATX did not enhance athletic performance under the study conditions. Overall, while ATX supplementation affected neither cytokine levels nor performance in Arabian racehorses, the natural anti-inflammatory effects of regular training were evident. Further research is needed to explore potential benefits of ATX supplementation under different conditions, such as in horses with subclinical inflammation or varying training regimens, to fully clarify its role and applications in equine sports medicine.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-26
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080905
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 906: Altered Mitochondrial Function in MASLD:
Key Features and Promising Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Tatjana Radosavljevic, Milica Brankovic, Janko Samardzic, Jasmina Djuretić, Dusan Vukicevic, Danijela Vucevic, Vladimir Jakovljevic
First page: 906
Abstract: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), encompasses a range of liver conditions from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Its prevalence, especially among patients with metabolic syndrome, highlights its growing global impact. The pathogenesis of MASLD involves metabolic dysregulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, genetic factors and, notably, mitochondrial dysfunction. Recent studies underscore the critical role of mitochondrial dysfunction in MASLD’s progression. Therapeutically, enhancing mitochondrial function has gained interest, along with lifestyle changes and pharmacological interventions targeting mitochondrial processes. The FDA’s approval of resmetirom for metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) with fibrosis marks a significant step. While resmetirom represents progress, further research is essential to understand MASLD-related mitochondrial dysfunction fully. Innovative strategies like gene editing and small-molecule modulators, alongside lifestyle interventions, can potentially improve MASLD treatment. Drug repurposing and new targets will advance MASLD therapy, addressing its increasing global burden. Therefore, this review aims to provide a better understanding of the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in MASLD and identify more effective preventive and treatment strategies.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-26
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080906
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 907: Enhanced In Vitro Efficacy of
Verbascoside in Suppressing Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation via ROS
Scavenging with Reverse Microemulsion
Authors: Xiao Xiao, Feiyu Yang, Yuling Huang, Shaohui Liu, Zhenhua Hu, Shanggao Liao, Yuanyuan Li
First page: 907
Abstract: Numerous approaches targeting hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) have emerged as pivotal therapeutic strategies to mitigate liver fibrosis and are currently undergoing clinical trials. The investigation of herbal drugs or isolated natural active compounds is particularly valuable, due to their multifaceted functions and low risk of side effects. Recent studies have hinted at the potential efficacy of verbascoside (VB) in ameliorating renal and lung fibrosis, yet its impact on hepatic fibrosis remains to be elucidated. This study aims to evaluate the potential effects of VB on liver fibrosis by assessing its ability to inhibit HSC activation. VB demonstrated significant efficacy in suppressing the expression of fibrogenic genes in activated LX-2 cells. Additionally, VB inhibited the migration and proliferation of these activated HSCs by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and downregulating the AMPK pathway. Furthermore, a biosafe reverse microemulsion loaded with VB (VB-ME) was developed to improve VB’s instability and low bioavailability. The optimal formulation of VB-ME was meticulously characterized, revealing substantial enhancements in cellular uptake, ROS-scavenging capacity, and the suppression of HSC activation.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-27
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080907
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 908: Biological Properties of Boletus edulis
Extract on Caco-2 Cells: Antioxidant, Anticancer, and Anti-Inflammatory
Effects
Authors: Javier Quero, Mónica Paesa, Carmen Morales, Gracia Mendoza, Jesús Osada, José António Teixeira, Pedro Ferreira-Santos, María Jesús Rodríguez-Yoldi
First page: 908
Abstract: Boletus edulis (BE) is a mushroom well known for its taste, nutritional value, and medicinal properties. The objective of this work was to study the biological effects of BE extracts on human colon carcinoma cells (Caco-2), evaluating parameters related to oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, a hydroethanolic extract of BE was obtained by ohmic heating green technology. The obtained BE extracts are mainly composed of sugars (mainly trehalose), phenolic compounds (taxifolin, rutin, and ellagic acid), and minerals (K, P, Mg, Na, Ca, Zn, Se, etc.). The results showed that BE extracts were able to reduce cancer cell proliferation by the induction of cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 stage, as well as cell death by autophagy and apoptosis, the alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential, and caspase-3 activation. The extracts modified the redox balance of the cell by increasing the ROS levels associated with a decrease in the thioredoxin reductase activity. Similarly, BE extracts attenuated Caco-2 inflammation by reducing both iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression and COX-2 protein expression. In addition, BE extracts protected the intestine from the oxidative stress induced by H2O2. Therefore, this study provides information on the potential use of BE bioactive compounds as anticancer therapeutic agents and as functional ingredients to prevent oxidative stress in the intestinal barrier.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-27
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080908
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 909: Evaluation of In Vitro-Derived Hop
Plantlets, cv. Columbus and Magnum, as Potential Source of Bioactive
Compounds
Authors: Leandra Leto, Claudia Favari, Anna Agosti, Lorenzo Del Vecchio, Andrea Di Fazio, Letizia Bresciani, Pedro Mena, Valeria Guarrasi, Martina Cirlini, Benedetta Chiancone
First page: 909
Abstract: The demand for bioactive secondary metabolites of natural origin is increasing every day. Micropropagation could be a strategy to respond more quickly to market demands, regardless of seasonality. This research aims to evaluate in vitro-grown plants of two hop varieties, namely Columbus and Magnum, as a potential source of bioactive compounds. The extracts were characterized in terms of total phenolic content by a Folin–Ciocalteu assay and antioxidant capacity by DPPH•, ABTS+, and FRAP assays. The bioactive compound profile of the extracts from both varieties was determined by using UPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS. The results confirmed richness in (poly)phenols and other secondary metabolites of the in vitro-grown hop plantlets. Thirty-two compounds belonging to the major families of phytochemicals characteristic of the species were identified, and twenty-six were quantified, mainly flavonoids, including xanthohumol and isoxanthohumol, phenolic acids, as well as α- and β-acids. This study confirms the validity of in vitro-derived hop plantlets as source of bioactive compounds to be used in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and food industries.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-28
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080909
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 910: Synergistic Antioxidant Effects of
Cysteine Derivative and Sm-Cluster for Food Applications
Authors: Lingxia Chen, Lijun Wang, Lifu Ma, Chao Wang, Xinshu Qin, Minlong Wang, Xiaohe Zhang, Ruoyan Yang, Bing Fang, Jie An
First page: 910
Abstract: The incorporation of antioxidants in food products is essential to prevent or delay deterioration, thereby addressing food spoilage. Thiol compounds, recognized for their natural antioxidant properties, are widely used in various foods; however, their antioxidant capacity is often limited. This study investigates the potential enhancement of thiol antioxidant capacity through the addition of a soluble, low-toxic inorganic Sm-cluster. Our findings demonstrate that the Sm-cluster significantly bolsters the antioxidant efficacy of thiol compounds. We explored, for the first time, the in vitro antioxidant activities of an Sm-oxo/hydroxy cluster combined with a cysteine derivative for potential food applications. The composition exhibited a robust inhibition of aromatic aldehyde flavor compound oxidation and displayed strong, dose-dependent DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine) radical scavenging activity. Notably, the antioxidant activity of the Sm-cluster/cysteine derivative was further enhanced under strong visible light conditions, which typically increased the likelihood of oxidation. These results suggest that the combination of inorganic cluster and thiol compounds presents a promising natural alternative to traditional antioxidants in the food industry.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-28
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080910
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 911: Chromosome
Segregation–1–like Gene Participates in Ferroptosis in Human
Ovarian Granulosa Cells via Nucleocytoplasmic Transport
Authors: Luanqian Hu, Tongtong Hong, Yuheng He, Huiyuan Wang, Jinxiang Cao, Danhua Pu, Li Gao, Chao Gao, Yugui Cui, Jie Wu, Rongrong Tan
First page: 911
Abstract: Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is defined as the depletion of ovarian function before the age of 40 years. The global prevalence of POI is 3.5%. To date, genetic factors account for 23.5% of the etiology of POI. Herein, a previously uncharacterized pathogenic homozygous variant of the chromosome segregation–1–like gene (CSE1L) was identified in POI patients via targeted panel sequencing. It is reported that dysregulated iron metabolism is involved in many reproductive endocrine disorders; however, its precise role in POI remains obscure. In this study, we identified CSE1L as a potential candidate gene that plays an important role in maintaining iron homeostasis. Deficiency of CSE1L led to ferroptosis in human granulosa cells, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Mechanistically, coimmunoprecipitation identified the direct interaction between CSE1L and FoxO1. Inhibition of CSE1L led to the excessive accumulation of FoxO1 in the nucleus via nucleocytoplasmic transport. Then, FoxO1 bound to the promoter region of NCOA4 and promoted its transcription, which was verified by a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Moreover, inhibition of CSE1L in cumulus cell monolayer could impede oocyte maturation, which might be associated with oxidative stress. Consequently, our study first revealed that CSE1L participated in ferroptosis in human ovarian granulosa cells via nucleocytoplasmic transportation, which might be helpful in revealing the molecular mechanism of CSE1L in the development of POI. Importantly, these findings might provide new insights into the application of ferroptosis inhibitors in the treatment of POI.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-28
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080911
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 912: Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of
Natural Compounds in Psoriasis and Their Inclusion in Nanotechnological
Systems
Authors: Ana Flavia Burlec, Monica Hăncianu, Bianca Ivănescu, Irina Macovei, Andreia Corciovă
First page: 912
Abstract: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects around 2–3% of the world’s population. The treatment for this autoimmune disease still remains centered around conventional methods using synthetic substances, even though more recent advancements focus on biological therapies. Given the numerous side effects of such treatments, current research involves plant extracts and constituents that could prove useful in treating psoriasis. The aim of this narrative review is to highlight the most known representatives belonging to classes of natural compounds such as polyphenols (e.g., astilbin, curcumin, hesperidin, luteolin, proanthocyanidins, and resveratrol), alkaloids (e.g., berberine, capsaicin, and colchicine), coumarins (psoralen and 8-methoxypsoralen), and terpenoids (e.g., celastrol, centelloids, and ursolic acid), along with plants used in traditional medicine that could present therapeutic potential in psoriasis. The paper also provides an overview of these compounds’ mechanisms of action and current inclusion in clinical studies, as well as an investigation into their potential incorporation in various nanotechnological systems, such as lipid-based nanocarriers or polymeric nanomaterials, that may optimize their efficacy during treatment.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-28
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080912
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 913: Isolation and Characterization of
Antioxidant Peptides from Dairy Cow (Bos taurus) Placenta and Their
Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Xinyu Tian, Zeru Zhang, Yuquan Zhao, Anguo Tang, Zhi Zeng, Weijian Zheng, Hanwen Zhang, Yuxin Luo, Wei Lu, Lei Fan, Liuhong Shen
First page: 913
Abstract: Our preliminary study identified dairy cow placenta extract (CPE) as a mixture of peptides with potent antioxidant activity both in vivo and in vitro. However, the specific antioxidant peptides (AOPs) responsible for this activity were not yet identified. In the current study, we employed virtual screening and chromatography techniques to isolate two peptides, ANNGKQWAEVF (CP1) and QPGLPGPAG (CP2), from CPE. These peptides were found to be less stable under extreme conditions such as high temperature, strong acid, strong alkali, and simulated digestive conditions. Nevertheless, under normal physiological conditions, both CP1 and CP2 exhibited significant antioxidant properties, including free-radical scavenging, metal chelating, and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. They also up-regulated the activities of intracellular antioxidant enzymes in response to hydrogen-peroxide-induced oxidative stress, resulting in reduced MDA levels, a decreased expression of the Keap1 gene and protein, and increased levels of the Nrf2 and HO-1 genes and proteins. Furthermore, CP1 demonstrated superior antioxidant activity compared to CP2. These findings suggest that CP1 and CP2 hold potential for mitigating oxidative stress in vitro and highlight the efficacy of virtual screening as a method for isolating AOPs within CPE.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-29
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080913
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 914: Evidence for TGF-β1/Nrf2 Signaling
Crosstalk in a Cuprizone Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Coram Guevara, Sinay C. Vicencio, Ignacio S. Pizarro, Francisca Villavicencio-Trejo, Rodrigo A. Quintanilla, Pablo Astudillo, Estibaliz Ampuero, Rodrigo Varas, Juan A. Orellana, Fernando C. Ortiz
First page: 914
Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and degenerative disease that impacts central nervous system (CNS) function. One of the major characteristics of the disease is the presence of regions lacking myelin and an oxidative and inflammatory environment. TGF-β1 and Nrf2 proteins play a fundamental role in different oxidative/inflammatory processes linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as MS. The evidence from different experimental settings has demonstrated a TGF-β1-Nrf2 signaling crosstalk under pathological conditions. However, this possibility has not been explored in experimental models of MS. Here, by using the cuprizone-induced demyelination model of MS, we report that the in vivo pharmacological blockage of the TGF-β1 receptor reduced Nrf2, catalase, and TGFβ-1 protein levels in the demyelination phase of cuprizone administration. In addition, ATP production, locomotor function and cognitive performance were diminished by the treatment. Altogether, our results provide evidence for a crosstalk between TGF-β1 and Nrf2 signaling pathways under CNS demyelination, highlighting the importance of the antioxidant cellular response of neurodegenerative diseases such as MS.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-29
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080914
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 915: Effects of Different Combinations of
Phytochemical-Rich Fruits and Vegetables on Chronic Disease Risk Markers
and Gene Expression Changes: Insights from the MiBLEND Study, a Randomized
Trial
Authors: Julia N. DeBenedictis, Courtney Murrell, Duncan Hauser, Marcel van Herwijnen, Bart Elen, Theo M. de Kok, Simone G. van Breda
First page: 915
Abstract: Adequate fruit and vegetable (F and V) intake, as recommended by the World Health Organization (over 400 g/day), is linked to reduced chronic disease risk. However, human intervention trials, especially with whole F and V and in complex combinations, are lacking. The MiBlend Study explored the effects of various phytochemical-rich F and V combinations on chronic disease risk markers, phytochemical absorption, and gene expression in blood. This randomized cross-over study involved participants consuming two of seven different F and V blends for 2 weeks (450 g/day), following a 2-week low F and V intake period (50 g/day). Each blend represented major phytochemical classes (flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and glucosinolates) or combinations thereof. Markers of chronic disease risk, including DNA damage, oxidative stress, and retinal microvasculature, were measured. Increasing F and V intake significantly improved plasma antioxidant capacity, DNA damage protection, and retinal arteriolar dilation. Flavonoid-rich, carotenoid-rich, and complex blends notably reduced DNA damage susceptibility. Anthocyanin-rich and carotenoid-rich interventions were most effective in boosting antioxidant capacity, while blends high in flavonoids, especially combined with anthocyanins, significantly improved retinal microvasculature. Gene expression analysis revealed changes in DNA repair, signal transduction, and transcription processes, indicating mechanisms for these health benefits. The study suggests specific F and V blends can provide targeted health improvements, emphasizing the importance of both overall F and V intake and the specific phytochemical composition for personalized preventive strategies.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-29
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080915
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 916: Maximizing Wine Antioxidants:
Yeast’s Contribution to Melatonin Formation
Authors: Elena Cristina Scutarașu, Răzvan George Niță, Laurian Vlase, Cătălin Ioan Zamfir, Bogdan Ionel Cioroiu, Lucia Cintia Colibaba, Dana Muntean, Camelia Elena Luchian, Ana Maria Vlase, Valeriu Cotea
First page: 916
Abstract: Melatonin is commonly found in various fruits, juices, and some fermented beverages. Its concentration in wine is influenced by soil properties, climatic factors, and yeast activity. Even if it is found in fermented beverages in relatively low proportions, melatonin still holds significant nutritional value, giving anti-aging properties, anti-inflammatory actions, and antidepressant effects. In this context, this article focuses on evaluating the impact of different Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeast species on the formation of melatonin and its contribution to wines’ total antioxidant capacity. Considering that the antioxidant activity of wine is usually related to the content of phenolic compounds, ten such compounds were analyzed. The evaluation of bioactive compounds was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with mass spectrometry. The total antioxidant capacity of wine samples was evaluated by the ABTS+ method. The administration of bâtonnage products increased the efficiency of non-Saccharomyces yeasts. The mixtures of Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeasts generated higher values for melatonin. The results confirm a significant impact from the grape variety and the specific yeast strains on the melatonin concentration. Also, a strong dependence between antioxidant activity and melatonin levels was observed. Given the limited existing studies on the presence of melatonin in wines, new perspectives are needed for future exploration and understanding.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-29
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080916
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 917: Linalool and Geraniol Defend Neurons
from Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Iron Accumulation in In Vitro
Parkinson’s Models
Authors: Edina Pandur, Balázs Major, Tibor Rák, Katalin Sipos, Adrienne Csutak, Györgyi Horváth
First page: 917
Abstract: Parkinson’s disease is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders affecting millions of people worldwide. There is a growing demand for novel and natural substances as complementary therapies. Essential oils and their various compounds are highly investigated natural plant-based products as potential treatment options for common human diseases, such as microbial infections, chronic diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. The present study focuses on the beneficial effects of linalool and geraniol, the major compounds of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.) and geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér. in Aiton) essential oils, on oxidative stress, inflammation, and iron metabolism of the rotenone and 6-hydroxydopamine-induced in vitro Parkinson’s models. The experiments were carried out on all-trans retinoic acid differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. The effects of linalool and geraniol were compared to rasagiline, an MAO-B inhibitor. The results revealed that both essential oil compounds reduce the level of reactive oxygen species and alter the antioxidant capacity of the cells. They lower the secretion of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, linalool and geraniol change the expression of iron-related genes, such as the iron importer transferrin receptor 1, heme-oxygenase-1, and ferroportin iron exporter, and influence the intracellular iron contents. In addition, it has been unveiled that iron availability is concatenated with the actions of the essential oil compounds. Based on the results, linalool and geraniol are vigorous candidates as an alternative therapy for Parkinson’s disease.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-29
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080917
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 918: Bioaffinity Ultrafiltration Combined
with HPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS/MS for Screening Potential Bioactive Components from
the Stems of Dendrobium fimbriatum and In Silico Analysis
Authors: Yu-Hui Hsieh, Wu-Chang Chuang, Ming-Chung Lee, Yu-Hsin Fan, Nai-Kuei Huang, Jih-Jung Chen
First page: 918
Abstract: Dendrobium fimbriatum is a perennial herb, and its stems are high-grade tea and nourishing medicinal materials. Various solvent extracts of D. fimbriatum were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory, anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE), antioxidant, and anti-α-glucosidase properties. Acetone and EtOAc extracts showed significant antioxidant effects. Acetone, n-hexane, and EtOAc extracts revealed potent inhibition against α-glucosidase. EtOAc, n-hexane, and dichloromethane extracts displayed significant anti-AChE activity. Among the isolated constituents, gigantol, moscatin, and dendrophenol showed potent antioxidant activities in FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS radical scavenging tests. Moscatin (IC50 = 161.86 ± 16.45 μM) and dendrophenol (IC50 = 165.19 ± 13.25 μM) displayed more potent anti-AChE activity than chlorogenic acid (IC50 = 236.24 ± 15.85 μM, positive control). Dendrophenol (IC50 = 14.31 ± 3.17 μM) revealed more efficient anti-NO activity than quercetin (positive control, IC50 = 23.09 ± 1.43 μM). Analysis of AChE and iNOS inhibitory components was performed using molecular docking and/or the bioaffinity ultrafiltration method. In bioaffinity ultrafiltration, the binding affinity of compounds to the enzyme (acetylcholinesterase and inducible nitric oxide synthase) was determined using the enrichment factor (EF). Among the main components of the EtOAc extract from D. fimbriatum stem, moscatin, dendrophenol, gigantol, and batatasin III with acetylcholinesterase exhibited the highest binding affinities, with affinity values of 66.31%, 59.48%, 54.60%, and 31.87%, respectively. Moreover, the affinity capacity of the identified compounds with inducible nitric oxide synthase can be ranked as moscatin (88.99%) > dendrophenol (65.11%) > gigantol (44.84%) > batatasin III (27.18%). This research suggests that the bioactive extracts and components of D. fimbriatum stem could be studied further as hopeful candidates for the prevention or treatment of hyperglycemia, oxidative stress-related diseases, and nervous disorders.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-29
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080918
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 919: Marine Antioxidants from Marine Collagen
and Collagen Peptides with Nutraceuticals Applications: A Review
Authors: Emin Cadar, Ana-Maria Pesterau, Irina Prasacu, Ana-Maria Ionescu, Carolina Pascale, Ana-Maria Laura Dragan, Rodica Sirbu, Cezar Laurentiu Tomescu
First page: 919
Abstract: Collagen peptides and marine collagen are enormous resources currently utilized. This review aims to examine the scientific literature to determine which collagen peptides derived from marine sources and which natural active antioxidants from marine collagen have significant biological effects as health-promoting nutraceuticals. Marine collagen is extracted from both vertebrate and invertebrate marine creatures. For vertebrates, this includes fish skin, bones, scales, fins, and cartilage. For invertebrates, it includes mollusks, echinoderms, crustaceans, and poriferans. The method used involved data analysis to organize information for isolating and identifying marine biocompounds with antioxidant properties. Specifically, amino acids with antioxidant properties were identified, enabling the use of hydrolysates and collagen peptides as natural antioxidant nutraceuticals. The methods of extraction of hydrolyzed collagen and collagen peptides by different treatments are systematized. The structural characteristics of collagen, collagen peptides, and amino acids in fish skin and by-products, as well as in invertebrate organisms (jellyfish, mollusks, and crustaceans), are described. The antioxidant properties of different methods of collagen hydrolysates and collagen peptides are systematized, and the results are comparatively analyzed. Their use as natural antioxidant nutraceuticals expands the range of possibilities for the exploitation of natural resources that have not been widely used until now.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-29
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080919
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 920: Oxidative Stress and Mitochondria Are
Involved in Anaphylaxis and Mast Cell Degranulation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Anays Piotin, Walid Oulehri, Anne-Laure Charles, Charles Tacquard, Olivier Collange, Paul-Michel Mertes, Bernard Geny
First page: 920
Abstract: Anaphylaxis, an allergic reaction caused by the massive release of active mediators, can lead to anaphylactic shock (AS), the most severe and potentially life-threatening form of anaphylactic reaction. Nevertheless, understanding of its pathophysiology to support new therapies still needs to be improved. We performed a systematic review, assessing the role and the complex cellular interplay of mitochondria and oxidative stress during anaphylaxis, mast cell metabolism and degranulation. After presenting the main characteristics of anaphylaxis, the oxidant/antioxidant balance and mitochondrial functions, we focused this review on the involvement of mitochondria and oxidative stress in anaphylaxis. Then, we discussed the role of oxidative stress and mitochondria following mast cell stimulation by allergens, leading to degranulation, in order to further elucidate mechanistic pathways. Finally, we considered potential therapeutic interventions implementing these findings for the treatment of anaphylaxis. Experimental studies evaluated mainly cardiomyocyte metabolism during AS. Cardiac dysfunction was associated with left ventricle mitochondrial impairment and lipid peroxidation. Studies evaluating in vitro mast cell degranulation, following Immunoglobulin E (IgE) or non-IgE stimulation, revealed that mitochondrial respiratory complex integrity and membrane potential are crucial for mast cell degranulation. Antigen stimulation raises reactive oxygen species (ROS) production from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases and mitochondria, leading to mast cell degranulation. Moreover, mast cell activation involved mitochondrial morphological changes and mitochondrial translocation to the cell surface near exocytosis sites. Interestingly, antioxidant administration reduced degranulation by lowering ROS levels. Altogether, these results highlight the crucial role of oxidative stress and mitochondria during anaphylaxis and mast cell degranulation. New therapeutics against anaphylaxis should probably target oxidative stress and mitochondria, in order to decrease anaphylaxis-induced systemic and major organ deleterious effects.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-29
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080920
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 921: (Chemical) Roles of HOCl in Rheumatic
Diseases
Authors: Jenny Leopold, Jürgen Schiller
First page: 921
Abstract: Chronic rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are characterized by a dysregulated immune response and persistent inflammation. The large number of neutrophilic granulocytes in the synovial fluid (SF) from RA patients leads to elevated enzyme activities, for example, from myeloperoxidase (MPO) and elastase. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), as the most important MPO-derived product, is a strong reactive oxygen species (ROS) and known to be involved in the processes of cartilage destruction (particularly regarding the glycosaminoglycans). This review will discuss open questions about the contribution of HOCl in RA in order to improve the understanding of oxidative tissue damaging. First, the (chemical) composition of articular cartilage and SF and the mechanisms of cartilage degradation will be discussed. Afterwards, the products released by neutrophils during inflammation will be summarized and their effects towards the individual, most abundant cartilage compounds (collagen, proteoglycans) and selected cellular components (lipids, DNA) discussed. New developments about neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and the use of antioxidants as drugs will be outlined, too. Finally, we will try to estimate the effects induced by these different agents and their contributions in RA.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-29
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080921
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 922: Flavonoids: Antioxidant Powerhouses and
Their Role in Nanomedicine
Authors: Mehak Zahra, Heidi Abrahamse, Blassan P. George
First page: 922
Abstract: This study emphasizes the critical role of antioxidants in protecting human health by counteracting the detrimental effects of oxidative stress induced by free radicals. Antioxidants—found in various forms such as vitamins, minerals, and the phytochemicals abundant in fruits and vegetables—neutralize free radicals by stabilizing them through electron donation. Specifically, flavonoid compounds are highlighted as robust defenders, addressing oxidative stress and inflammation to avert chronic illnesses like cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. This research explores the bioactive potential of flavonoids, shedding light on their role not only in safeguarding health, but also in managing conditions such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review highlights the novel integration of South African-origin flavonoids with nanotechnology, presenting a cutting-edge strategy to improve drug delivery and therapeutic outcomes. This interdisciplinary approach, blending traditional wisdom with contemporary techniques, propels the exploration of flavonoid-mediated nanoparticles toward groundbreaking pharmaceutical applications, promising revolutionary advancements in healthcare. This collaborative synergy between traditional knowledge and modern science not only contributes to human health, but also underscores a significant step toward sustainable and impactful biomedical innovations, aligning with principles of environmental conservation.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-29
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080922
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 923: A Systematic Review on Advances in
Management of Oxidative Stress-Associated Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Soyeon Jin, Peter M. Kang
First page: 923
Abstract: Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, heart failure, and hypertension. This systematic review aims to integrate most relevant studies on oxidative stress management in cardiovascular diseases. We searched relevant literatures in the PubMed database using specific keywords. We put emphasis on those manuscripts that were published more recently and in higher impact journals. We reviewed a total of 200 articles. We examined current oxidative stress managements in cardiovascular diseases, including supplements like resveratrol, vitamins C and E, omega-3 fatty acids, flavonoids, and coenzyme-10, which have shown antioxidative properties and potential cardiovascular benefits. In addition, we reviewed the pharmacological treatments including newly discovered antioxidants and nanoparticles that show potential effects in targeting the specific oxidative stress pathways. Lastly, we examined biomarkers, such as soluble transferrin receptor, transthyretin, and cystatin C in evaluating antioxidant status and identifying cardiovascular risk. By addressing oxidative stress management and mechanisms, this paper emphasizes the importance of maintaining the balance between oxidants and antioxidants in the progression of cardiovascular diseases. This review paper is registered with the International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (INPLASY), registration # INPLASY202470064.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-29
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080923
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 924: Transcriptional Dynamics of NRF2
Overexpression and KEAP1-NRF2 Inhibitors in Human Cell Line and Primary
Lung Cells
Authors: Corinne Hamblet, Karin Björhall, Susann Busch, Ulf Gehrmann, Lisa Öberg, Rebekka Kubisch-Dohmen, Sonja Haas, Manish K. Aneja, Johannes Geiger, Carsten Rudolph, Ellinor Hornberg
First page: 924
Abstract: Oxidative stress in the human lung is caused by both internal (e.g., inflammation) and external stressors (smoking, pollution, and infection) to drive pathology in a number of lung diseases. Cellular damage caused by oxidative damage is reversed by several pathways, one of which is the antioxidant response. This response is regulated by the transcriptional factor NRF2, which has the ability to regulate the transcription of more than 250 genes. In disease, this balance is overwhelmed, and the cells are unable to return to homeostasis. Several pharmacological approaches aim to improve the antioxidant capacity by inhibiting the interaction of NRF2 with its key cytosolic inhibitor, KEAP1. Here, we evaluate an alternative approach by overexpressing NRF2 from chemically modified RNAs (cmRNAs). Our results demonstrate successful expression of functional NRF2 protein in human cell lines and primary cells. We establish a kinetic transcriptomic profile to compare antioxidant response gene expression after treatment of primary human bronchial epithelial cells with either KEAP1 inhibitors or cmRNAs. The key gene signature is then applied to primary human lung fibroblasts and alveolar macrophages to uncover transcriptional preferences in each cell system. This study provides a foundation for the understanding of NRF2 dynamics in the human lung and provides initial evidence of alternative ways for pharmacological interference.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-30
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080924
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 925: Exploring Agro-Industrial By-Products:
Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Capacity, and Phytochemical Profiling via
FI-ESI-FTICR-MS Untargeted Analysis
Authors: Itzel Yoali Hernández-Montesinos, David Fernando Carreón-Delgado, Oxana Lazo-Zamalloa, Lilia Tapia-López, Minerva Rosas-Morales, Carlos Enrique Ochoa-Velasco, Paola Hernández-Carranza, Yair Cruz-Narváez, Carolina Ramírez-López
First page: 925
Abstract: This study investigates agro-industrial by-products as sources of bioactive compounds, particularly focusing on phenolic compounds known for their antioxidant properties. With growing interest in natural alternatives to synthetic antioxidants due to safety concerns, this study highlights the health benefits of plant-derived phenolic compounds in food preservation and healthcare products. Traditional and advanced analytical techniques were used to obtain phytochemical profiles of various residue extracts, including espresso (SCG) and cold-brew spent coffee grounds (CBCG), pineapple peel (PP), beetroot pomace (BP), apple pomace (AP), black carrot pomace (BCP), and garlic peel (GP). Assessments of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant capacity (AC) supported their revalorization. CBCG showed the highest TPC, TFC, and AC. TPC content in by-products decreased in the order CBCG > SCG > GP > BCP > PP > AP > BP, with a similar trend for TFC and AC. Phytochemical profiling via FI-ESI-FTICR-MS enabled the preliminary putative identification of a range of compounds, with polyphenols and terpenes being the most abundant. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed key patterns among samples. Strong positive correlations (Pearson’s R > 0.8) indicated significant contribution of polyphenols to antioxidant capacities. These findings highlight the potential of agro-industrial residues as natural antioxidants, advocating for their sustainable utilization.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-30
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080925
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 926: Unveiling the Therapeutic Potential of
Kelulut (Stingless Bee) Honey in Alzheimer’s Disease: Findings from
a Rat Model Study
Authors: Ammara Shaikh, Fairus Ahmad, Seong Lin Teoh, Jaya Kumar, Mohamad Fairuz Yahaya
First page: 926
Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) poses a major worldwide health challenge because of its profound impact on cognitive abilities and overall well-being. Despite extensive research and numerous clinical trials, therapeutic options remain limited. Our study aimed to investigate the potential of Kelulut honey (KH) as a novel therapeutic agent for addressing the multifactorial pathology of AD. We tried to evaluate the disease-attenuating and neuroprotective potential of KH in the intrahippocampally induced AD rat model by utilizing histochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) studies. A total of 26 male Sprague Dawley rats weighing ~280–380 g were randomly divided into three groups: Control, AD-induced (Aβ), and AD-induced and treated with KH (Aβ+KH). The latter two groups underwent stereotaxic surgery, where 6.25 µg of amyloid β1–42 peptides were injected intrahippocampally. One-week post-surgery, KH was administered to the treatment group at a dose of 1 g/kg body weight for a period of four weeks, after which the rats went through behavior tests. After completion of behavior analysis, the rats were sacrificed, and the brains were processed for histochemistry and ELISA studies. The open field test analysis demonstrated that KH improved the locomotion of Aβ+KH compared to Aβ (p = 0.0013). In comparison, the Morris water maze did not show any nootropic effects on cognition with a paradoxical increase in time spent in the target quadrant by the Aβ group (p = 0.029). Histochemical staining showed markedly increased Congo-red-stained amyloid plaques, which were significantly reduced in dentate gyrus of Aβ+KH compared to Aβ (p < 0.05). Moreover, significantly higher apoptosis was seen in the Aβ group compared to Aβ+KH (p < 0.01) and control groups (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the ELISA studies deduced more phosphorylated tau in the diseased group compared to Aβ+KH (p = 0.038) and controls (p = 0.016). These findings suggest that KH consumption for twenty-eight days has the potential to attenuate the pathological burden of disease while exerting neuroprotective effects in rodent models of AD.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-30
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080926
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 927: Lipid Fraction from Agaricus
brasiliensis as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Lethal Sepsis in Mice
Authors: Kely Campos Navegantes Lima, Silvia Leticia de França Gaspar, Ana Ligia de Brito Oliveira, Sávio Monteiro dos Santos, Lucas Benedito Gonçalves Quadros, Juliana Pinheiro de Oliveira, Rayane Caroline dos Santos Pereira, Alexandre Guilherme da Silva Dias, Lucas da Silva Gato, Leonardo Yuji Nihira Alencar, Alanna Lorena Pimentel dos Santos, Gilson Pires Dorneles, Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romão, Herta Stutz, Vanessa Sovrani, Marta Chagas Monteiro
First page: 927
Abstract: Sepsis is a potentially fatal clinical condition that results from an immune imbalance in the host during an infection. It presents systemic alterations due to excessive activation of pro-inflammatory mediators that contribute to inflammation, formation of reactive species, and tissue damage. Anti-inflammatory mediators are then extensively activated to regulate this process, leading to immune exhaustion and, consequently, immunosuppression of the host. Considering the biological activities of the nutraceutical Agaricus brasiliensis (A. brasiliensis), such as immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and antitumor activities, the present study investigated the therapeutic potential of the lipid fraction of A. brasiliensis (LF) in a model of lethal sepsis in mice (Mus musculus), induced by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). The results showed that treatment of septic animals with LF or LF associated with ertapenem (LF-Erta) reduced systemic inflammation, promoting improvement in clinical parameters and increased survival. The data show a reduction in pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, regulation of the anti-inflammatory response and oxidizing agents, and increased bacterial clearance in the peritoneal cavity and liver. Thus, it can be concluded that LF as a treatment, and in conjunction with antibiotic therapy, has shown promising effects as a hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory agent.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-30
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080927
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 928: Papain Suppresses Atopic Skin
Inflammation through Anti-Inflammatory Activities Using In Vitro and In
Vivo Models
Authors: Hye-Min Kim, Yun-Mi Kang, Minho Lee, Hyo-Jin An
First page: 928
Abstract: Papain (PN) is a proteolytic enzyme derived from Carica Papaya L. While the pharmacological effects of PN have not been extensively studied compared to its enzymatic activity, PN also holds potential benefits beyond protein digestion. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of PN against skin inflammation in house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae body (Dfb)-exposed NC/Nga atopic dermatitis (AD) mice and human HaCaT keratinocytes and their underlying mechanisms. The effects of PN on the skin were assessed via histological examination, measurements of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our findings indicated that the oral intake of PN decreased the severity scores of lesions resembling AD, TEWL, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines and serum immunoglobulin E in Dfb-induced AD mice, along with a reduction in epidermal thickness and mast cell infiltration. Additionally, PN inhibited the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways in Dfb-induced AD mice and HaCaT keratinocytes. Moreover, PN improved survival and reduced ROS production in H2O2-damaged HaCaT keratinocytes and enhanced the expression of antioxidant enzymes in Dfb-induced AD mice. Concludingly, the oral administration of PN suppressed inflammatory mediators and downregulated the MAPKs/STAT pathway, suggesting its potential role in AD pathogenesis.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-30
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080928
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 929: Investigation into the Reduction of Palm
Oil in Foods by Blended Vegetable Oils through Response Surface
Methodology and Oxidative Stability Tests
Authors: Vassilis Athanasiadis, Dimitrios Kalompatsios, Martha Mantiniotou, Stavros I. Lalas
First page: 929
Abstract: Recently, there has been a significant transition in the dietary preferences of consumers toward foods containing health-promoting compounds. In addition, as people’s environmental awareness increases, they are increasingly looking for sustainable solutions. Palm oil, an oil used extensively by the food industry, does not fit these criteria. This study investigated the development of a complex oil blend consisting of commonly used vegetable oils such as corn, rapeseed, sunflower, and palm oil. The aim was to find the optimal blended oil and compare this combination with palm oil in terms of its oxidative stability, antioxidant capacity, and the composition of bioactive compounds (i.e., fatty acids, tocopherols, and carotenoids). Palm oil was found to have greater oxidative stability as a result of its increased concentration of saturated fatty acids. The optimal blended oil, which consisted of corn and rapeseed oil at a ratio of 4:3 w/w, inhibited the superior antioxidant activity, showing a ~33% increase in DPPH• inhibition activity. ATR-FTIR spectra further verified the existence of a significant quantity of saturated fatty acids in palm oil and unsaturated fatty acids in the blended oil. Finally, several correlation analyses revealed interesting connections between oil samples and investigated parameters. This work has the potential to establish a basis for the mass production of oil blends that possess high concentrations of antioxidant compounds and reduce the use of palm oil.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-30
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080929
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 930: Effect of Alkylresorcinols Isolated from
Wheat Bran on the Oxidative Stability of Minced-Meat Models as Related to
Storage
Authors: Carolina Cantele, Giulia Potenziani, Ambra Bonciolini, Marta Bertolino, Vladimiro Cardenia
First page: 930
Abstract: Due to their antioxidant activity, alkylresorcinols (ARs) extracted from by-products could represent promising natural and innovative antioxidants for the food industry. This study tested the ability of ARs isolated from wheat bran to increase the shelf-life of minced-meat models stored at 4 °C for 9 days. Fifteen alk(en)ylresorcinols (C17–C25) were recognized by GC/MS, showing good radical-scavenging (200.70 ± 1.33 μmolTE/g extract) and metal-chelating (1.38 ± 0.30 mgEDTAE/g extract) activities. Two ARs concentrations (0.01% and 0.02%) were compared to sodium ascorbate (0.01% and 0.10%) on color (CIELAB values L*, a*, b*, chroma, and hue) and oxidative stability (lipid hydroperoxides, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)) of minced-beef samples. ARs-treated samples were oxidatively more stable than those formulated with sodium ascorbate and the negative control, with significantly lower contents of hydroperoxides and VOCs (hexanal, 1-hexanol, and 1-octen-3-ol) throughout the experiment (p < 0.001). However, no effect on color stability was observed (p > 0.05). Since 0.01% of ARs was equally or more effective than 0.10% sodium ascorbate, those results carry important implications for the food industry, which could reduce antioxidant amounts by ten times and replace synthetic antioxidants with natural ones.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-30
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080930
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 931: Phytoene and Phytoene-Rich Microalgae
Extracts Extend Lifespan in C. elegans and Protect against Amyloid-β
Toxicity in an Alzheimer’s Disease Model
Authors: Ángeles Morón-Ortiz, Antonis A. Karamalegkos, Paula Mapelli-Brahm, Marina Ezcurra, Antonio J. Meléndez-Martínez
First page: 931
Abstract: Phytoene is a colourless carotenoid widely available from dietary sources and a precursor for the synthesis of other carotenoids. Although present at high concentrations across different tissues, phytoene is largely viewed as not having physiological activity. Here, we utilize the model organism C. elegans to show that phytoene is bioactive and has anti-ageing properties. Supplementation with phytoene protects against oxidative damage and amyloid-β42 proteotoxicity (a major pathology of Alzheimer’s disease), and extends lifespan. We also examine extracts from two microalgae, Chlorella sorokiniana and Dunaliella bardawil. We show that the extracts contain high levels of phytoene, and find that these phytoene-rich extracts have protective effects similar to pure phytoene. Our findings show that phytoene is a bioactive molecule with positive effects on ageing and longevity. Our work also suggests that phytoene-rich microalgae extracts can utilized to produce foods or supplements that promote healthy ageing and prevent the development of chronic age-related diseases.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-31
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080931
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 932: Is Cadmium Genotoxicity Due to the
Induction of Redox Stress and Inflammation' A Systematic Review
Authors: Khulud Badawi, Basma M. El Sharazly, Ola Negm, Raheela Khan, Wayne G. Carter
First page: 932
Abstract: The transition metal cadmium (Cd) is toxic to humans and can induce cellular redox stress and inflammation. Cd is a recognized carcinogen, but the molecular mechanisms associated with its genotoxicity and carcinogenicity are not defined. Therefore, a systematic review was undertaken to examine the scientific literature that has covered the molecular mechanism of Cd genotoxicity and its relationship to cellular redox stress and inflammation. An electronic database search of PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science Core Collection was conducted to retrieve the studies that had investigated if Cd genotoxicity was directly linked to the induction of redox stress and inflammation. Studies included exposure to Cd via in vitro and in vivo routes of administration. Of 214 publications retrieved, 10 met the inclusion criteria for this review. Preclinical studies indicate that Cd exposure causes the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, via concomitant activity of the transcription factor NF-κβ, induces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a cytokine profile consistent with the induction of an allergic response. There is limited information regarding the impact of Cd on cellular signal transduction pathways, and the relationship of this to genotoxicity is still inconclusive. Nevertheless, pre-incubation with the antioxidants, N-acetylcysteine or sulforaphane, or the necroptosis inhibitor, necrostatin-1, reduces Cd toxicity; indicative that these agents may be a beneficial treatment adjunct in cases of Cd poisoning. Collectively, this review highlights that Cd-induced toxicity and associated tissue pathology, and ultimately the carcinogenic potential of Cd, may be driven by redox stress and inflammatory mechanisms.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-01
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080932
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 933: The Double-Edged Sword of Total
Antioxidant Capacity: Clinical Significance and Personal Experience
Authors: Andrea Silvestrini, Antonio Mancini
First page: 933
Abstract: Oxidative stress (OS) could be a condition underlying several human diseases, despite the physiological role of reactive oxygen species (oxidative eustress). Therefore, antioxidant compounds could represent a modulatory mechanism for maintaining a proper redox balance and redox signaling. When antioxidants are insufficient or overwhelmed, OS ensues, causing multiple damages at molecular, tissue, and cellular levels. This study focuses on the role of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as a biomarker to be interpreted according to several clinical scenarios. After a brief description of various assay methods to elucidate terminology and physiopathological roles, we focus on the hormonal influence on TAC in blood plasma and other biological fluids, as different endocrine systems can modulate the antioxidant response. Furthermore, OS characterizes several endocrinopathies through different mechanisms: an inadequate antioxidant response to an increase in reducing equivalents (reductive distress) or a marked consumption of antioxidants (oxidative distress), which leads to low TAC values. An increased TAC could instead represent an adaptive mechanism, suggesting a situation of OS. Hence, the clinical context is fundamental for a correct interpretation of TAC. This review aims to provide the reader with a general overview of oxidative stress in several clinical examples of endocrine relevance, such as metabolic syndrome, non-thyroid illness syndrome, hypopituitarism, and infertility. Finally, the impact of dietary and surgical interventions on TAC in the model of metabolic syndrome is highlighted, along with personal experience.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-01
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080933
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 934: Oxidative Stress in Alcohol Abuse: An
Unfortunately Still Open Question
Authors: Marco Fiore
First page: 934
Abstract: As the guest editor of this Special Issue “Alcohol-Induced Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease” of Antioxidants (https://www [...]
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-01
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080934
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 935: Pterostilbene, a Resveratrol Derivative,
Improves Ovary Function by Upregulating Antioxidant Defenses in the Aging
Chickens via Increased SIRT1/Nrf2 Expression
Authors: Xinyu Wang, Qiongyu Yuan, Yingyu Xiao, Xiangyu Cai, Zhaoyu Yang, Weidong Zeng, Yuling Mi, Caiqiao Zhang
First page: 935
Abstract: Oxidative stress is recognized as a prominent factor contributing to follicular atresia and ovarian aging, which leads to decreased laying performance in hens. Reducing oxidative stress can improve ovarian function and prolong the laying period in poultry. This study investigates the impact of Pterostilbene (PTS), a natural antioxidant, on ovarian oxidative stress in low-laying chickens. Thirty-six Hy-Line White laying chickens were evenly divided into four groups and fed diets containing varying doses of PTS for 15 consecutive days. The results showed that dietary supplementation with PTS significantly increased the laying rate, with the most effective group exhibiting a remarkable 42.7% increase. Furthermore, PTS significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity of aging laying hens, as evidenced by increased levels of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and total antioxidant capacity in the ovaries, livers, and serum. Subsequent experiments revealed decreased expressions of Bax, Caspase-3, and γ-H2AX, along with an increased expression of BCL-2 in the ovaries and livers of laying hens. PTS supplementation also positively affects fat metabolism by reducing abdominal fat accumulation and promoting fat transfer from the liver to the ovary. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the effects of PTS on ovarian function, a series of in vitro experiments were conducted. These in vitro experiments revealed that PTS pretreatment restored the antioxidant capacity of D-galactose-induced small white follicles by upregulating SIRT1/Nrf2 expression. This protective effect was inhibited by EX-527, a specific inhibitor of SIRT1. These findings suggest that the natural antioxidant PTS has the potential to regulate cell apoptosis and fat metabolism in laying chickens by ameliorating oxidative stress, thereby enhancing laying performance.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-01
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080935
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 936: Exploring the Transformative Potential
of Functionalized Mesoporous Silica in Enhancing Antioxidant Activity: A
Comprehensive Review
Authors: Arif Budiman, Agus Rusdin, Yoga Windhu Wardhana, Lisa Efriani Puluhulawa, Faradila Ratu Cindana Mo’o, Nurain Thomas, Amirah Mohd Gazzali, Diah Lia Aulifa
First page: 936
Abstract: Antioxidants are essential for reducing oxidative stress, protecting cells from damage, and supporting overall well-being. Functionalized mesoporous silica materials have garnered interest due to their flexible uses in diverse domains, such as drug delivery systems. This review aims to thoroughly examine and evaluate the progress made in utilizing functionalized mesoporous silica materials as a possible approach to enhancing antioxidant activity. The authors performed a thorough search of reliable databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Clarivate Web of Science, using precise keywords linked to functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles and antioxidants. The identified journals serve as the major framework for the main discussion in this study. Functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles have been reported to greatly enhance antioxidant activity by allowing for an increased loading capacity, controlled release behavior, the targeting of specific drugs, improved biocompatibility and safety, and enhanced penetration. The results emphasize the significant capacity of functionalized mesoporous silica (FSM) to bring about profound changes in a wide range of applications. FSM materials can be designed as versatile nanocarriers, integrating intrinsic antioxidant capabilities and augmenting the efficacy of current drugs, offering substantial progress in antioxidant therapies and drug delivery systems, as well as enhanced substance properties in the pharmaceutical field. Functionalized mesoporous silica materials are a highly effective method for enhancing antioxidant activity. They provide new opportunities for the advancement of cutting-edge treatments and materials in the field of antioxidant research. The significant potential of FSM materials to change drug delivery methods and improve substance properties highlights their crucial role in future breakthroughs in the pharmaceutical field and antioxidant applications.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-01
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080936
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 937: Synthesis, Cytotoxicity and Antioxidant
Activity Evaluation of Some Thiazolyl–Catechol Compounds
Authors: Alexandra Cătălina Cornea, Gabriel Marc, Ioana Ionuț, Cristina Moldovan, Ionel Fizeșan, Andreea-Elena Petru, Ionuț-Valentin Creștin, Adrian Pîrnău, Laurian Vlase, Ovidiu Oniga
First page: 937
Abstract: A series of thiazolyl–catechol compounds with antioxidant and cytotoxic activities were synthesized by a Hantzsch heterocyclization, using diverse thioamides as the thiocarbonyl component and 4-chloroacetyl-catechol as haloketone. These compounds were characterized by MS, IR spectroscopy, and NMR. Their antioxidant potential was evaluated by antiradical, electron transfer, and ferrous ion chelation assays using ascorbic acid, Trolox, and EDTA-Na2 as references. The cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated on two different cell types, normal human foreskin fibroblasts (BJ) and human pulmonary malignant cells (A549), using gefitinib as a reference anticancer drug. The results obtained from the tests highlighted compounds 3g and 3h with significant antioxidant activities. The highest cytotoxic potency against A549 cells was exhibited by compounds 3i and 3j, while compound 3g demonstrated exceptional selectivity on malignant cells compared to gefitinib. These promising results encourage further investigation into targeted modifications on position 2 of the thiazole ring, in order to develop novel therapeutic agents.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-01
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080937
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 938: Metal Toxicity and Dementia Including
Frontotemporal Dementia: Current State of Knowledge
Authors: Francesca Gorini, Alessandro Tonacci
First page: 938
Abstract: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) includes a number of neurodegenerative diseases, often with early onset (before 65 years old), characterized by progressive, irreversible deficits in behavioral, linguistic, and executive functions, which are often difficult to diagnose due to their similar phenotypic characteristics to other dementias and psychiatric disorders. The genetic contribution is of utmost importance, although environmental risk factors also play a role in its pathophysiology. In fact, some metals are known to produce free radicals, which, accumulating in the brain over time, can induce oxidative stress, inflammation, and protein misfolding, all of these being key features of FTD and similar conditions. Therefore, the present review aims to summarize the current evidence about the environmental contribution to FTD―mainly dealing with toxic metal exposure―since the identification of such potential environmental risk factors can lead to its early diagnosis and the promotion of policies and interventions. This would allow us, by reducing exposure to these pollutants, to potentially affect society at large in a positive manner, decreasing the burden of FTD and similar conditions on affected individuals and society overall. Future perspectives, including the application of Artificial Intelligence principles to the field, with related evidence found so far, are also introduced.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-01
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080938
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 939: Phytochemical Evaluation of Lepidium
meyenii, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Spirulina platensis, and Tribulus
arabica, and Their Potential Effect on Monosodium Glutamate Induced Male
Reproductive Dysfunction in Adult Wistar Rats
Authors: Naglaa Gamil Shehab, Temidayo S. Omolaoye, Stefan S. Du Plessis, Surendra Singh Rawat, Nerissa Naidoo, Kholoud Y. Abushawish, Ayat Ahmed, Baraa Alaa, Heba Ihsan, Manar Abdelhalim, Mariam Ayman, Eslam El Nebrisi
First page: 939
Abstract: Monosodium glutamate (MSG), a sodium salt derived from glutamic acid, is widely used in commercial food products to improve taste, quality, and preservation. However, its consumption may have detrimental effects on male reproductive function. Nevertheless, plant extracts, such as Lepidium meyenii (Maca), Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek), Spirulina platensis (Spirulina), and Tribulus arabica (Tribulus), may ameliorate these adverse effects. To this effect, the phytochemical properties of Lepidium meyenii, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Spirulina platensis, and Tribulus arabica were assessed, and their potential impact on MSG-induced impairment of reproductive parameters was examined. The phytochemical composition (steroids, terpenes, phenols, flavonoids) of the plants was profiled through spectrophotometry and the antioxidant activity was assessed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were divided into six groups at random: a control group receiving distilled water, and five experimental groups (MSG, Maca, Fenugreek, Spirulina, and Tribulus) receiving 900 mg/kg/day of MSG dissolved in water for 45 days. Subsequently, the animals in the experimental groups were administered 500 mg/kg/day of the respective plant extract via oral gavage for an additional 35 days, while the MSG group continued to receive water only. Following the treatment period, the animals were sacrificed, and their reproductive tract organs were collected, weighed, and subjected to further analysis. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of diverse bioactive elements in the plant extracts, including phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Exposure to MSG negatively impacted total and progressive sperm motility, which was ameliorated by Lepidium meyenii treatment. Sperm morphology showed no significant differences among groups. Treatment of the phytochemical agents diminished histomorphometric alternations of the testicular length, germinal epithelium height, and number of cells in seminiferous tubules, which were caused by the initial administration of MSG. Testosterone and LH levels were reduced in the MSG group but improved in extract-treated groups. The study suggests Lepidium meyenii as a potential remedy for reproductive dysfunction. However, further investigation into its mechanisms and human safety and efficacy is warranted.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-02
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080939
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 940: Plasma Antioxidant Capacity Is Related
to Dietary Intake, Body Composition, and Stage of Reproductive Aging in
Women
Authors: Alexandra Tijerina, Diego Fonseca, Carlos J. Aguilera-González, Michel Stéphane Heya, Nancy Martínez, Nydia Sánchez, Cristina Bouzas, Josep A. Tur, Rogelio Salas
First page: 940
Abstract: Background: women aging is a normal process of life; however, hormonal changes create an imbalance between prooxidants and antioxidants and could be measured as the antioxidant capability (AC) of an organism. Objective: to find the association between plasma AC levels, dietary intakes, and body composition in 18–64-year-old women living in the northeast of Mexico. Methods: A total of n = 514 women (18–64 years old) were grouped according to STRAW criteria as reproductive, menopausal transition, and postmenopausal. Anthropometrics, body mass index (BMI), weight–hip ratio (WHR), and weight–height ratio WHtR were determined, and percentage of body fat was analyzed by bioelectrical impedance. Dietary intake of macronutrients and vitamins A, E, and C were analyzed by a 3-day food recall. The AC status in plasma was analyzed by the ORACFL assay. Results: Plasma AC levels were higher in postmenopausal women (815 µmol TE/L), and menopausal transition women (806 µmol TE/L) than in reproductive women (633 µmol TE/L). BMI was overweight (>25 kg/m2) in all three groups. WHtR and WHR are above the healthy limit of 0.5 and 0.8, respectively for both menopausal transition and postmenopausal women. In reproductive women, negative relationships were calculated between plasma AC and age (Rho = −0.250, p = 0.007), BMI (Rho = −0.473, p < 0.001), WHtR (Rho = −0.563, p < 0.001), WHR (Rho = −0.499, p < 0.001), and % body fat (Rho = −0.396, p < 0.001). A negative association was determined between plasma AC and WHtR in reproductive women (B = −2.718, p = 0.026). No association resulted for those in menopausal transition, and a positive association was obtained between plasma AC and protein (B = 0.001, p = 0.024) and vitamin E (B = 0.003, p = 0.013) intakes in postmenopausal women. Conclusions: the antioxidant capability (AC) in plasma was lower in reproductive women, and anthropometric parameters marking decreased physical fitness were associated with decreased AC.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-02
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080940
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 941: Tisochrysis lutea Fucoxanthin Suppresses
NF-κB, JNK, and p38-Associated MMP Expression in Arthritis
Pathogenesis via Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Hyemi Lee, Hahyeong Jang, Dahyoon Heo, Jae-In Eom, Cheol-Ho Han, Se-Min Kim, Yoo-Seob Shin, Cheol-Ho Pan, Siyoung Yang
First page: 941
Abstract: Tisochrysis lutea is a highly nutritious marine microalga that has various applications in aquaculture and biotechnology. However, the effects of T. lutea extract (TLE) on osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis remain unexplored. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of TLE on OA development. We found that TLE inhibits the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity in an OA mouse model generated by the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery. In vivo assays of the OA model mice demonstrated that TLE has a protective effect against cartilage destruction by inhibiting MMP3 and MMP13 expression. To enable the medical use of TLE, the components of TLE were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Interestingly, we found that Fucoxanthin accounts for 41.2% of TLE and showed anti-catabolic and antioxidant effects under IL-1β-treated in vitro conditions. RNA sequencing analysis showed that fucoxanthin decreased p38, NF-κB, and JNK signaling pathway gene expression, all of which are activated by IL-1β. Furthermore, in vivo analysis showed that fucoxanthin inhibited the IL-1β-stimulated phosphorylation of p65, JNK, and p38. These results highlight new possibilities for the use of TLE as a source of fucoxanthin, an antioxidant, for OA treatment.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-02
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080941
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 942: Capsaicin Modulates Hepatic and
Intestinal Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Regulating the Colon
Microbiota
Authors: Xiaotong Pang, Xin Wei, Yanyan Wu, Shanshan Nan, Jiaqi Feng, Fang Wang, Min Yao, Cunxi Nie
First page: 942
Abstract: We aimed to investigate the role of capsaicin (CAP) in modulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatic and intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress, and its colonic microflora in mice. Thirty healthy male Kunming mice with similar body weights were randomly assigned to three groups: the control group (CON), the LPS group, and the CAP group, with ten mice in each group. The CON and the LPS groups received a daily dose of normal saline, respectively, while the CAP group received an equivalent dose of CAP. On the 28th day of the experiment, the LPS and the CAP groups were intraperitoneally injected with LPS, while the CON group was injected with an equal volume of normal saline. The results lead to the following conclusions. Compared to the LPS group, CAP improved the loss of hepatic lobular structure and significantly increased the duodenal villus length and ratio of villus length to crypt depth. CAP increased hepatic and colon interleukin-10 (IL-10) and decreased IL-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) levels. CAP also increased hepatic catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. CAP significantly increased the relative abundances of Mucispirillum, Helicobacter, Prevotellaceae-UCG-001, Colidextribacter, unclassified-f-Oscillospiraceae, and Odoribacter, some of which were closely related to hepatic and colonic immune and oxidative markers. CAP also decreased the overall content of short-chain fatty acids, except for propionic acid. Overall, CAP can regulate the colon microbiota and exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Whether CAP exerts its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by modulating the colonic microflora, mainly Mucispirillum spp. and Helicobacter spp., requires further investigation.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-02
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080942
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 943: A Novel BD2-Selective Inhibitor of BRDs
Mitigates ROS Production and OA Pathogenesis
Authors: Hyemi Lee, Jihye Choe, Min-Hee Son, In-Hyun Lee, Min Ju Lim, Jimin Jeon, Siyoung Yang
First page: 943
Abstract: Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family proteins regulate transcription and recognize lysine residues in histones. Selective BET inhibitors targeting one domain have attracted attention because they maintain normal physiological activities, whereas pan (nonselective) BET inhibitors do not. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disorder characterized by cartilage degeneration for which no treatment currently exists. Here, we investigated whether the selective inhibition of BET proteins is an appropriate therapeutic strategy for OA. We focused on the development and characterization of 2-(4-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-4(3H)-one (BBC0906), a novel bromodomain 2 (BD2)-specific inhibitor designed to suppress OA progression. Using a DNA-encoded chemical library (DEL) screening approach, BBC0906 was identified because of its high affinity with the BD2 domain of BET proteins. BBC0906 effectively reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and suppressed catabolic factor expression in chondrocytes in vitro. Moreover, in an OA mouse model induced by the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM), BBC0906 intra-articular injection attenuated cartilage degradation and alleviated OA. Importantly, BBC0906 selectively inhibits the BD2 domain, thus minimizing its potential side effects. We highlighted the therapeutic potential of targeting BET proteins to modulate oxidative stress and suppress cartilage degradation in OA. BBC0906 is a promising candidate for OA treatment, offering improved safety and efficacy.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-02
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080943
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 944: Chondroitin Sulfate Ameliorates
Hypertension in Male Offspring Rat Born to Mothers Fed an Adenine Diet
Authors: You-Lin Tain, Chih-Yao Hou, Guo-Ping Chang-Chien, Shu-Fen Lin, Chien-Ning Hsu
First page: 944
Abstract: Pregnant women with chronic kidney disease (CKD) face increased risks of adverse outcomes in their adult offspring. Offspring rats born to dams fed an adenine diet develop hypertension, coinciding with dysregulated hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) pathways, as well as alterations in gut microbiota. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a multifunctional food known for its diverse bioactivities. As a sulfate prebiotic, CS has shown therapeutic potential in various diseases. Here, we investigated the protective effects of maternal CS supplementation against hypertension in offspring induced by an adenine diet. Mother rats were administered regular chow, 0.5% adenine, 3% CS, or a combination throughout gestation and lactation. Maternal CS supplementation effectively protected offspring from hypertension induced by the adenine diet. These beneficial effects of CS were connected with increased renal mRNA and protein levels of 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase, an enzyme involved in H2S production. Furthermore, maternal CS treatment significantly enhanced alpha diversity and altered beta diversity of gut microbiota in adult offspring. Specifically, perinatal CS treatment promoted the abundance of beneficial microbes such as Roseburia hominis and Ruminococcus gauvreauii. In conclusion, perinatal CS treatment mitigates offspring hypertension associated with maternal adenine diet, suggesting that early administration of sulfate prebiotics may hold preventive potential. These findings warrant further translational research to explore their clinical implications.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-02
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080944
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 945: Anoectochilus roxburghii Extract Extends
the Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans through Activating the daf-16/FoxO
Pathway
Authors: Peng Xu, Jianfeng Wang, Junyi Wang, Xiaoxiao Hu, Wei Wang, Shengmin Lu, Yingkun Sheng
First page: 945
Abstract: As a significant global issue, aging is prompting people’s interest in the potential anti-aging properties of Anoectochilus roxburghii (A. roxburghii), a plant traditionally utilized in various Asian countries for its purported benefits in treating diabetes and combating aging. However, the specific anti-aging components and mechanisms of A. roxburghii remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the anti-aging effects and mechanisms of A. roxburghii extract E (ARE). Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) were exposed to media containing different concentrations of ARE whose superior in vitro radical scavenging capacity was thus identified. Lifespan assays, stress resistance tests, and RT-qPCR analyses were conducted to evaluate anti-aging efficacy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, antioxidant enzyme activity, and daf-16, sod-3, and gst-4 levels. Additionally, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed to elucidate the potential anti-aging mechanisms of ARE. Fluorescence protein assays and gene knockout experiments were employed to validate the impacts of ARE on anti-aging mechanisms. Our results revealed that ARE not only prolonged the lifespan of C. elegans but also mitigated ROS and lipofuscin accumulation, and boosted resistance to UV and heat stress. Furthermore, ARE modulated the expression of pivotal anti-aging genes including daf-16, sod-3, and gst-4, facilitating the nuclear translocation of DAF-16. Significantly, ARE failed to extend the lifespan of daf-16-deficient C. elegans (CF1038), indicating its dependency on the daf-16/FoxO signaling pathway. These results underscored the effectiveness of ARE as a natural agent for enhancing longevity and stress resilience to C. elegans, potentially to human.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-02
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080945
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 946: In Vitro Modulation of Autophagy by New
Antioxidant Nitrones as a Potential Therapeutic Approach for the Treatment
of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Sara Izquierdo-Bermejo, Beatriz Chamorro, María Dolores Martín-de-Saavedra, Miguel Lobete, Francisco López-Muñoz, José Marco-Contelles, María Jesús Oset-Gasque
First page: 946
Abstract: Stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide, yet current therapeutic strategies remain limited. Among the neuropathological events underlying this disease are multiple cell death signaling cascades, including autophagy. Recent interest has focused on developing agents that target molecules involved in autophagy to modulate this process under pathological conditions. This study aimed to analyze the role of autophagy in cell death induced by an in vitro ischemia–reperfusion (IR) model and to determine whether nitrones, known for their neuroprotective and antioxidant effects, could modulate this process. We focused on key proteins involved in different phases of autophagy: HIF-1α, BNIP3, and BECN1 for induction and nucleation, LC3 for elongation, and p62 for degradation. Our findings confirmed that the IR model promotes autophagy, initially via HIF-1α activation. Additionally, the neuroprotective effect of three of the selected synthetic nitrones (quinolylnitrones QN6 and QN23, and homo-bis-nitrone HBN6) partially derives from their antiautophagic properties, demonstrated by a downregulation of the expression of molecular markers involved in various phases of autophagy. In contrast, the neuroprotective power of cholesteronitrone ChN2 seems to derive from its promoting effects on the initial phases of autophagy, which could potentially help inhibit other forms of cell death. These results underscore the importance of autophagy modulation in neuroprotection, highlighting the potential of inhibiting prodeath autophagy and promoting prosurvival autophagy as promising therapeutic approaches in treating ischemic stroke clinically.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-03
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080946
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 947: Dimethyl Fumarate Prevents the
Development of Chronic Social Stress-Induced Hypertension in Borderline
Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Michal Kluknavsky, Peter Balis, Silvia Liskova, Andrea Micurova, Martin Skratek, Jan Manka, Iveta Bernatova
First page: 947
Abstract: This study investigated the effects of chronic crowding-induced social stress and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) on borderline hypertensive rats, focusing on the transcription nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) gene Nfe2l2, on the expression of selected NFR2-mediated gene expressions in the heart, and on vascular function. Rats were exposed to chronic crowding, DMF treatment (30 mg/kg/day, p.o.), or a combination of both for six weeks. Blood pressure (BP) was measured non-invasively, gene expressions were analysed using RT-qPCR, and vascular function was assessed by measuring noradrenaline (NA)-induced vasoconstriction and endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxations in the femoral arteries using a wire myograph. Chronic stress increased BP, Nfe2l2 expression, and NA-induced vasoconstriction, though it did not affect relaxation responses nor the left heart ventricle-to-body weight (LHV/BW) ratio. DMF elevated Nfe2l2 expression (as the main effect) in the heart but did not alter BP and vascular functions vs. control when administered alone. Interestingly, DMF increased the LHV/BW ratio, supposedly due to reductive stress induced by continuous NRF2 activation. When combined with stress, DMF treatment prevented stress-induced hypertension and mitigated NA-induced vasoconstriction without altering relaxation functions. In addition, the combination of stress and DMF increased Tnf and Nos2 expression and the expressions of several genes involved in iron metabolism. In conclusion, these findings suggest that DMF can prevent chronic stress-induced hypertension by reducing vascular contractility. Moreover, DMF itself may produce reductive stress in the heart and induce inflammation when combined with stress. This indicates a need for the careful consideration of long-term DMF treatment considering its impact on the heart.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-03
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080947
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 948: Differences in HDL Remodeling during
Healthy Pregnancy and Pregnancy with Cardiometabolic Complications
Authors: Marko Stankovic, Aleksandra Zeljkovic, Jelena Vekic, Tamara Antonic, Daniela Ardalic, Milica Miljkovic-Trailovic, Jelena Munjas, Marija Saric Matutinovic, Tamara Gojkovic, Snezana Jovicic, Zeljko Mikovic, Aleksandra Stefanovic
First page: 948
Abstract: This study investigated the longitudinal trajectory of changes in antioxidative and anti-inflammatory high-density lipoprotein (HDL) components during healthy pregnancy and pregnancy with cardiometabolic complications. We recruited and longitudinally followed 84 women with healthy pregnancies and 46 pregnant women who developed cardiometabolic pregnancy complications (gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy). Their general lipid profiles, oxidative stress status, inflammatory status, and antioxidative and anti-inflammatory HDL components were analyzed. The results of our study confirmed the expected trajectory for the routine lipid parameters. Our study results indicate more intensive oxidative stress and a higher level of inflammation in the group with complications compared with the control group. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) was significantly lower in the first trimester in the group with complications compared with the control group (p < 0.05). We did not find significant differences in the apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) concentrations in the first trimester between the control group and the group with complications, but in the second and third trimesters, the group with complications had significantly higher concentrations (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, respectively). The S1P, paraoxonase 1 (PON1), and serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations were significantly lower in the group with complications in the first trimester. During the second trimester, only the SAA concentrations were identified as significantly lower in the group with complications compared with the control group, while in the third trimester, the PON1, apolipoprotein M (Apo M), and SAA concentrations were all significantly lower in the group with complications. Through a multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, the S1P concentration in the first trimester was distinguished as an HDL-associated marker independently associated with cardiometabolic pregnancy complications. In conclusion, our study results showed that HDL remodeling differs between healthy pregnancies and pregnancies with maternal cardiometabolic complications, with changed HDL composition and functionality consequently impacting its biological functionality in the latter case.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-03
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080948
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 949: Asparagopsis taxiformis as a Novel
Antioxidant Ingredient for Climate-Smart Aquaculture: Antioxidant,
Metabolic and Digestive Modulation in Juvenile White Seabream (Diplodus
sargus) Exposed to a Marine Heatwave
Authors: Alícia Pereira, Isa Marmelo, Marta Dias, Ana Catarina Silva, Ana Catarina Grade, Marisa Barata, Pedro Pousão-Ferreira, Jorge Dias, Patrícia Anacleto, António Marques, Mário S. Diniz, Ana Luísa Maulvault
First page: 949
Abstract: The increasing frequency and duration of marine heatwaves (MHWs) due to climate change pose severe threats to aquaculture, causing drastic physiological and growth impairments in farmed fish, undermining their resilience against additional environmental pressures. To ensure sustainable production that meets the global seafood demand and animal welfare standards, cost-effective and eco-friendly strategies are urgently needed. This study explored the efficacy of the red macroalga Asparagopsis taxiformis on juvenile white seabream Diplodus sargus reared under optimal conditions and upon exposure to a MHW. Fish were fed with four experimental diets (0%, 1.5%, 3% or 6% of dried powdered A. taxiformis) for a prophylactic period of 30 days (T30) and subsequently exposed to a Mediterranean category II MHW for 15 days (T53). Biometric data and samples were collected at T30, T53 and T61 (8 days post-MHW recovery), to assess performance indicators, biomarker responses and histopathological alterations. Results showed that A. taxiformis supplementation improved catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities and reduced lipid peroxidation promoted by the MHW, particularly in fish biofortified with 1.5% inclusion level. No histopathological alterations were observed after 30 days. Additionally, fish biofortified with 1.5% A. taxiformis exhibited increased citrate synthase activity and fish supplemented with 1.5% and 3% showed improved digestive enzyme activities (e.g., pepsin and trypsin activities). Overall, the present findings pointed to 1.5% inclusion as the optimal dosage for aquafeeds biofortification with A. taxiformis, and confirmed that this seaweed species is a promising cost-effective ingredient with functional properties and great potential for usage in a climate-smart context.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-05
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080949
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 950: Phytochemical and Functional Diversity
of Enzyme-Assisted Extracts from Hippophae rhamnoides L., Aralia cordata
Thunb., and Cannabis sativa L.
Authors: Viktorija Januskevice, Ana Maria Gomes, Sérgio Sousa, Joana Cristina Barbosa, Rita Vedor, Paulina Martusevice, Mindaugas Liaudanskas, Vaidotas Zvikas, Pranas Viskelis, Laima Cesoniene, Aiste Balciunaitiene, Jonas Viskelis, Sonata Szonn, Dalia Urbonaviciene
First page: 950
Abstract: Plant leaves are a source of essential phenolic compounds, which have numerous health benefits and can be used in multiple applications. While various techniques are available for recovering bioactive compounds from by-products, more data are needed on enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE). The aim of this study was to compare EAE and solid–liquid extraction (SLE), to evaluate the impact on bioactive compounds’ extraction yield, phytochemical composition, and the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic properties of Aralia cordata leaves and roots, sea buckthorn Hippophae rhamnoides, and hemp Cannabis sativa leaves. The results indicate that EAE with Viscozyme L enzyme (EAE_Visc) extracts of the tested plant leaves possess the highest yield, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content. Moreover, the EAE_Visc extract increased by 40% the total sugar content compared to the control extract of A. cordata root. Interestingly, the sea buckthorn leaf extracts exhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, which reached an almost 99% inhibition in all extracts. Furthermore, the sea buckthorn leaves SLE and EAE_Visc extracts possess antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy was used to examine changes in cell wall morphology after EAE. Overall, this study shows that EAE can be a promising method for increasing the yield and improving the functional properties of the resulting extracts in a fast and sustainable way compared to SLE.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-05
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080950
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 951: Ecklonia cava Ameliorates Cognitive
Impairment on Amyloid β-Induced Neurotoxicity by Modulating Oxidative
Stress and Synaptic Function in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) Mice
Authors: Hyo Lim Lee, Min Ji Go, Han Su Lee, Ho Jin Heo
First page: 951
Abstract: This study investigated the neuroprotective effect of 70% ethanol extract of Ecklonia cava (EE) in amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced cognitive deficit mice. As a result of analyzing the bioactive compounds in EE, nine compounds were identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). In particular, the diekcol content was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (DAD-HPLC). Biochemical analysis was performed on brain tissue to determine the mechanism of the cognitive function improvement effect of EE. The result showed that EE ameliorated learning and memory decline in behavioral tests on Aβ-induced mice. EE also attenuated oxidative stress by regulating malondialdehyde (MDA) content, reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Similarly, EE also improved mitochondrial dysfunction as mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP production, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. In addition, EE enhanced synapse function by modulating acetylcholine-related enzymes and synaptic structural proteins in the whole brain, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex tissues. Also, EE regulated Aβ-induced apoptosis and inflammation through the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Furthermore, EE protected neurotoxicity by increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) production. These results suggest that EE may be used as a dietary supplement for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-06
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080951
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 952: An Update on Pentacyclic Triterpenoids
Ursolic and Oleanolic Acids and Related Derivatives as Anticancer
Candidates
Authors: Diana Similie, Daliana Minda, Larisa Bora, Vladislavs Kroškins, Jevgeņija Lugiņina, Māris Turks, Cristina Adriana Dehelean, Corina Danciu
First page: 952
Abstract: Cancer is a global health problem, with the incidence rate estimated to reach 40% of the population by 2030. Although there are currently several therapeutic methods, none of them guarantee complete healing. Plant-derived natural products show high therapeutic potential in the management of various types of cancer, with some of them already being used in current practice. Among different classes of phytocompounds, pentacyclic triterpenoids have been in the spotlight of research on this topic. Ursolic acid (UA) and its structural isomer, oleanolic acid (OA), represent compounds intensively studied and tested in vitro and in vivo for their anticancer and chemopreventive properties. Since natural compounds can rarely be used in practice as such due to their characteristic physico-chemical properties, to tackle this problem, their derivatization has been attempted, obtaining compounds with improved solubility, absorption, stability, effectiveness, and reduced toxicity. This review presents various UA and OA derivatives that have been synthesized and evaluated in recent studies for their anticancer potential. It can be observed that the most frequent structural transformations were carried out at the C-3, C-28, or both positions simultaneously. It has been demonstrated that conjugation with heterocycles or cinnamic acid, derivatization as hydrazide, or transforming OH groups into esters or amides increases anticancer efficacy.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-06
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080952
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 953: Pattern of Expression of Genes Involved
in Systemic Inflammation and Glutathione Metabolism Reveals Exacerbation
of COPD
Authors: Ingrid Oit-Wiscombe, László Virág, Kalle Kilk, Ursel Soomets, Alan Altraja
First page: 953
Abstract: To test the hypothesis that they serve as systemic biomarkers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), we profiled the mRNA expression of enzymes connected to systemic inflammation and GSH metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). These were taken from patients displaying acute exacerbation of COPD (AE-COPD) and stable COPD, and also from non-obstructive smokers and non-smokers. The expression of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 was increased, but that of histone deacetylase 2 was decreased in association with AE-COPD. The expression of modulatory subunit of glutamyl–cysteine ligase was higher and that of its catalytic subunit, together with the expression of dipeptidyl peptidase 4, was lower in COPD patients compared with non-obstructive smokers and non-smokers. Leukotriene A4 hydrolase saw increased expression in patients with COPD according to disease severity compared to non-obstructive individuals, whereas the expression of GSH peroxidase increased in non-obstructive smokers and COPD patients with the growing number of pack-years smoked. The results corroborate COPD and its acute exacerbation as a complex systemic disorder demonstrating distinct associations with the expression of enzymes linked to inflammation and the regulation of GSH metabolism.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-06
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080953
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 954: Proximate Composition, Health Benefits,
and Food Applications in Bakery Products of Purple-Fleshed Sweet Potato
(Ipomoea batatas L.) and Its By-Products: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: María de los Ángeles Rosell, Jhazmin Quizhpe, Pablo Ayuso, Rocío Peñalver, Gema Nieto
First page: 954
Abstract: Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam is a dicotyledonous plant originally from tropical regions, with China and Spain acting as the main producers from outside and within the EU, respectively. The root, including only flesh, is the edible part, and the peel, leaves, stems, or shoots are considered by-products, which are generated due to being discarded in the field and during processing. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a comprehensive review of the nutritional value, phytochemical composition, and health-promoting activities of purple-fleshed sweet potato and its by-products, which lead to its potential applications in bakery products for the development of functional foods. The methodology is applied to the selected topic and is used to conduct the search, review abstracts and full texts, and discuss the results using different general databases. The studies suggested that purple-fleshed sweet potato parts are characterized by a high content of essential minerals and bioactive compounds, including anthocyanins belonging to the cyanidin or the peonidin type. The flesh and leaves are also high in phenolic compounds and carotenoids such as lutein and β-carotene. The high content of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins provides the purple-fleshed sweet potato with high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory power due to the modulation effect of the transcription factor Nrf2 and NF-kB translocation, which may lead to protection against hepatic and neurological disorders, among others. Furthermore, purple-fleshed sweet potato and its by-products can play a dual role in food applications due to its attractive color and wide range of biological activities which enhance its nutritional profile. As a result, it is essential to harness the potential of the purple-fleshed sweet potato and its by-products that are generated during its processing through an appropriate agro-industrial valorization system.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-06
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080954
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 955: Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and
Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Ameliorate Heart Failure through Reductions in
Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jayant Seth, Sohat Sharma, Cameron J. Leong, Simon W. Rabkin
First page: 955
Abstract: The objectives of this study were to explore the role that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and/or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plays in heart failure (HF), highlighting the potential connection to oxidative stress pathways. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted electronic searches of the literature in MEDLINE and EMBASE focusing on serum EPA and/or DHA and EPA and/or DHA supplementation in adult patients with heart failure or who had heart failure as an outcome of this study. We screened 254 studies, encompassing RCTs, observational studies, and cohort studies that examined HF outcomes in relation to either serum concentrations or dietary supplementation of EPA and/or DHA. The exclusion criteria were pediatric patients, non-HF studies, abstracts, editorials, case reports, and reviews. Eleven studies met our criteria. In meta-analyses, high serum concentrations of DHA were associated with a lower rate of heart failure with a hazard ratio of 0.74 (CI = 0.59–0.94). High serum concentrations of EPA also were associated with an overall reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events with a hazard ratio of 0.60 (CI = 0.46–0.77). EPA and DHA, or n3-PUFA administration, were associated with an increased LVEF with a mean difference of 1.55 (CI = 0.07–3.03)%. A potential explanation for these findings is the ability of EPA and DHA to inhibit pathways by which oxidative stress damages the heart or impairs cardiac systolic or diastolic function producing heart failure. Specifically, EPA may lower oxidative stress within the heart by reducing the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cardiac tissue by (i) upregulating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which increases the expression of antioxidant enzyme activity, including heme oxygenase-1, thioredoxin reductase 1, ferritin light chain, ferritin heavy chain, and manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD), (ii) increasing the expression of copper–zinc superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and glutathione peroxidase, (iii) targeting Free Fatty Acid Receptor 4 (Ffar4), (iv) upregulating expression of heme-oxygenase-1, (v) lowering arachidonic acid levels, and (vi) inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. DHA may lower oxidative stress within the heart by (i) reducing levels of mitochondrial-fission-related protein DRP-1(ser-63), (ii) promoting the incorporation of cardiolipin within the mitochondrial membrane, (iii) reducing myocardial fibrosis, which leads to diastolic heart failure, (iv) reducing the expression of genes such as Appa, Myh7, and Agtr1α, and (v) reducing inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α. In conclusion, EPA and/or DHA have the potential to improve heart failure, perhaps mediated by their ability to modulate oxidative stress.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-06
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080955
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 956: Comparative Study of Flavonoid Profiles,
Antioxidant, and Antiproliferative Activities in Hot-Air and Vacuum Drying
of Different Parts of Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus Britt) Flowers
Authors: Caifeng Shi, Huaqian Long, Jia Hu, Xinbo Guo
First page: 956
Abstract: Pitaya flower, a medicinal and edible plant commonly used in tropical and subtropical regions, was the focus of this study, which compared the effects of hot-air drying (HAD) and vacuum drying (VD) on phytochemical profiles and biological activities of its four parts: calyx, petals, stamens, and pistils. Both drying methods significantly increased the total phenolic content (TPC) of pitaya flowers, with values ranging from 1.86 to 3.24 times higher than those of fresh samples. Twelve flavonoid compounds were identified in pitaya flowers, with the glycoside derivatives of three flavonols (kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and quercetin) being the most abundant. VD resulted in 1.15 times higher total flavonoid glycoside content than HAD, whereas in petals, HAD yielded a total flavonoid glycoside content 1.21 times higher than VD. Both HAD and VD effectively increased the antioxidant capacities of pitaya flowers, though the difference between the two methods was not significant. Additionally, both drying methods enhanced the antiproliferative activity of pitaya flowers, with HAD showing a more significant effect than VD. The present study emphasized the efficacy of drying methods for enhancing flavonoids in pitaya flowers and provided insights for functional products’ innovation with different parts of pitaya flowers.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080956
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 957: Sex Differences in Hepatic Inflammation,
Lipid Metabolism, and Mitochondrial Function Following Early
Lipopolysaccharide Exposure in Epileptic WAG/Rij Rats
Authors: Stefania Melini, Giovanna Trinchese, Adriano Lama, Fabiano Cimmino, Filomena Del Piano, Federica Comella, Nicola Opallo, Antonio Leo, Rita Citraro, Luigia Trabace, Giuseppina Mattace Raso, Claudio Pirozzi, Maria Pina Mollica, Rosaria Meli
First page: 957
Abstract: Among the non-communicable neurological diseases, epilepsy is characterized by abnormal brain activity with several peripheral implications. The role of peripheral inflammation in the relationship between seizure development and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease based on sex difference remains still overlooked. Severe early-life infections lead to increased inflammation that can aggravate epilepsy and hepatic damage progression, both related to increased odds of hospitalization for epileptic patients with liver diseases. Here, we induced a post-natal-day 3 (PND3) infection by LPS (1 mg/kg, i.p.) to determine the hepatic damage in a genetic model of young epileptic WAG/Rij rats (PND45). We evaluated intra- and inter-gender differences in systemic and liver inflammation, hepatic lipid dysmetabolism, and oxidative damage related to mitochondrial functional impairment. First, epileptic rats exposed to LPS, regardless of gender, displayed increased serum hepatic enzymes and altered lipid profile. Endotoxin challenge triggered a more severe inflammatory and immune response in male epileptic rats, compared to females in both serum and liver, increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and hepatic immune cell recruitment. Conversely, LPS-treated female rats showed significant alterations in systemic and hepatic lipid profiles and reduced mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. The two different sex-dependent mechanisms of LPS-induced liver injury converge in increased ROS production and related mitochondrial oxidative damage in both sexes. Notably, a compensatory increase in antioxidant defense was evidenced only in female rats. Our study with a translational potential demonstrates, for the first time, that early post-natal infections in epileptic rats induced or worsened hepatic disorders in a sex-dependent manner, amplifying inflammation, lipid dysmetabolism, and mitochondrial impairment.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080957
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 958: Identification and Validation of the
miR/RAS/RUNX2 Autophagy Regulatory Network in AngII-Induced Hypertensive
Nephropathy in MPC5 Cells Treated with Hydrogen Sulfide Donors
Authors: Qing Ye, Mi Ren, Di Fan, Yicheng Mao, Yi-Zhun Zhu
First page: 958
Abstract: The balanced crosstalk between miRNAs and autophagy is essential in hypertensive nephropathy. Hydrogen sulfide donors have been reported to attenuate renal injury, but the mechanism is unclear. We aimed to identify and verify the miRNAs and autophagy regulatory networks in hypertensive nephropathy treated with hydrogen sulfide donors through bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification. From the miRNA dataset, autophagy was considerably enriched in mice kidney after angiotensin II (AngII) and combined hydrogen sulfide treatment (H2S_AngII), among which there were 109 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and 21 hub ADEGs (autophagy-related differentially expressed genes) in the AngII group and 70 DEMs and 13 ADEGs in the H2S_AngII group. A miRNA–mRNA–transcription factors (TFs) autophagy regulatory network was then constructed and verified in human hypertensive nephropathy samples and podocyte models. In the network, two DEMs (miR-98-5p, miR-669b-5p), some hub ADEGs (KRAS, NRAS), and one TF (RUNX2) were altered, accompanied by a reduction in autophagy flux. However, significant recovery occurred after treatment with endogenous or exogenous H2S donors, as well as an overexpression of miR-98-5p and miR-669b-5p. The miR/RAS/RUNX2 autophagy network driven by H2S donors was related to hypertensive nephropathy. H2S donors or miRNAs increased autophagic flux and reduced renal cell injury, which could be a potentially effective medical therapy.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080958
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 959: Dynamics of Redox Metabolism during
Complete Metamorphosis of Insects: Insights from the Sunflower Caterpillar
Chlosyne lacinia (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Daniel C. Moreira, Marcelo Hermes-Lima
First page: 959
Abstract: Complete insect metamorphosis requires substantial metabolic and physiological adjustments. Although oxidative stress has been implicated in metamorphosis, details on redox metabolism during larva-to-pupa and pupa-to-adult remain scarce. This study explores redox metabolism during metamorphosis of a lepidopteran (Chlosyne lacinia), focusing on core metabolism, antioxidant systems and oxidative stress. The larva-to-pupa transition was characterized by increased lactate dehydrogenase and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities, coupled with depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH), high disulfide-to-total-glutathione ratio (GSSG/tGSH), and increased lipid peroxidation. As metamorphosis progressed, metabolic enzyme activities, citrate synthase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase increased, indicating heightened oxidative metabolism associated with adult development. Concurrently, GSH and GPX levels returned to larval levels and GSSG/tGSH reached its most reduced state right before adult emergence. Adult emergence was marked by a further increase in oxidative metabolism, accompanied by redox imbalance and enhanced antioxidant mechanisms. These findings highlight a fluctuation in redox balance throughout metamorphosis, with periods of oxidative eustress followed by compensatory antioxidant responses. This study is the first to identify concurrent changes in metabolism, antioxidants, redox balance and oxidative stress throughout metamorphosis. Our findings extend knowledge on redox metabolism adjustments and highlight redox adaptations and oxidative stress as natural components of complete insect metamorphosis.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080959
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 960: Erythrocyte Oxidative Status in People
with Obesity: Relation to Tissue Losses, Glucose Levels, and Weight
Reduction
Authors: Beata Szlachta, Anna Birková, Beáta Čižmárová, Anna Głogowska-Gruszka, Paulina Zalejska-Fiolka, Maria Dydoń, Jolanta Zalejska-Fiolka
First page: 960
Abstract: Background: This study aimed to investigate the impact of reductions in various body mass components on the erythrocyte oxidative status and glycemic state of people with obesity (PWO). Methods: A total of 53 PWO followed a six-month individualized low-calorie diet with exercise, during which anthropometric, biochemical, and oxidative parameters were measured. The participants were divided into groups based on weight (W), visceral fat area (VFA), total body water (TBW), and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) losses, as well as normoglycemia (NG) and hyperglycemia (HG). Results: Weight reduction normalized glycemia and influenced erythrocyte enzyme activity. Regardless of the tissue type lost (VFA, TBW, or SMM), glutathione peroxidase activity decreased in all groups, accompanied by an increase in glutathione reductase activity. Lipofuscin (LPS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations decreased regardless of the type of tissue lost. The α-/γ-tocopherol ratio increased in those losing >10% body weight, >15% VFA, and >5% TBW. In the NG group, compared to the HG group, there was a decrease in glutathione peroxidase and an increase in glutathione reductase, with these changes being stronger in the HG group. The LPS and MDA concentrations decreased in both groups. Significant correlations were observed between glucose reduction and changes in catalase, retinol, and α-tocopherol, as well as between VFA reduction and changes in vitamin E, L-LPS, and the activities of L-GR and L-GST. Conclusions: This analysis highlights the complex interactions between glucose metabolism, oxidative state, and erythrocyte membrane integrity, crucial for understanding diabetes and its management. This study shows the significant metabolic adaptability of erythrocytes in response to systemic changes induced by obesity and hyperglycemia, suggesting potential therapeutic targets to improve metabolic health in obese individuals.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080960
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 961: Antioxidants Hydroxytyrosol and
Thioredoxin-Mimetic Peptide CB3 Protect Irradiated Normal Tissue Cells
Authors: Katrin Borrmann, Fabian Martin Troschel, Kathrin Annemarie Brücksken, Nancy Adriana Espinoza-Sánchez, Maryam Rezaei, Kai Moritz Eder, Björn Kemper, Hans Theodor Eich, Burkhard Greve
First page: 961
Abstract: Reducing side effects in non-cancerous tissue is a key aim of modern radiotherapy. Here, we assessed whether the use of the antioxidants hydroxytyrosol (HT) and thioredoxin-mimetic peptide CB3 (TMP) attenuated radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity in vitro. We used primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT) as normal tissue models. Cells were treated with HT and TMP 24 h or immediately prior to irradiation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed via luminescent- and fluorescence-based assays, migration was investigated using digital holographic microscopy, and clonogenic survival was quantified by colony formation assays. Angiogenesis and wound healing were evaluated via time-dependent microscopy. Secreted cytokines were validated in quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) studies. Treatment with HT or TMP was well tolerated by cells. The application of either antioxidant before irradiation resulted in reduced ROS formation and a distinct decrease in cytokines compared to similarly irradiated, but otherwise untreated, controls. Antioxidant treatment also increased post-radiogenic migration and angiogenesis while accelerating wound healing. HT or TMP treatment immediately before radiotherapy increased clonogenic survival after radiotherapy, while treatment 24 h before radiotherapy enhanced baseline proliferation. Both antioxidants may decrease radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity and deserve further pre-clinical investigation.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080961
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 962: The Dietary Inflammatory Index and Its
Associations with Biomarkers of Nutrients with Antioxidant Potential, a
Biomarker of Inflammation and Multiple Long-Term Conditions
Authors: Angela A. Mulligan, Marleen A. H. Lentjes, Jane Skinner, Ailsa A. Welch
First page: 962
Abstract: We aimed to validate the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and assess the cross-sectional associations between the DII® and multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs) and biomarker concentrations and MLTCs using data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk) study (11,113 men and 13,408 women). The development of MLTCs is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation, and ten self-reported conditions were selected for our MLTC score. Data from a validated FFQ were used to calculate energy-adjusted DII® scores. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and circulating vitamins A, C, E, β-carotene and magnesium were available. Micronutrient biomarker concentrations were significantly lower as the diet became more pro-inflammatory (p-trend < 0.001), and hs-CRP concentrations were significantly higher in men (p-trend = 0.006). A lower DII® (anti-inflammatory) score was associated with 12–40% higher odds of MLTCs. Lower concentrations of vitamin C and higher concentrations of hs-CRP were associated with higher odds of MLTCs. The majority of the associations in our study between MLTCs, nutritional biomarkers, hs-CRP and the DII® were as expected, indicating that the DII® score has criterion validity. Despite this, a more anti-inflammatory diet was associated with higher odds of MLTCs, which was unexpected. Future studies are required to better understand the associations between MLTCs and the DII®.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-08
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080962
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 963: A Structure–Activity Relationship
Study on the Antioxidant Properties of Dithiocarbamic Flavanones
Authors: Mihail Lucian Birsa, Laura Gabriela Sarbu
First page: 963
Abstract: The antioxidant properties of 3-dithiocarbamic flavanones have been investigated. The influence of the halogen substituents on ring A of the flavanones and the nature of the secondary amine from the dithiocarbamic moiety have been accounted. The results indicated that the presence of a halogen substituent at the C-8 position of the benzopyran ring induce better antioxidant properties against DPPH and ABTS than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and ascorbic acid. The presence of a halogen substituent at the mentioned position appears to induce a higher stability for a free radical intermediate at the C-3 position of the benzopyran ring. A free radical enolate is most likely to be involved in the antioxidant activity of this dithiocarbamic flavanone. It is a stable intermediate that supports the influence of dithiocarbamic moiety on the antioxidant properties of the reported flavanones.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-08
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080963
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 964: Antioxidant Potential of Exosomes in
Animal Nutrition
Authors: Hengyu Jin, Jianxin Liu, Diming Wang
First page: 964
Abstract: This review delves into the advantages of exosomes as novel antioxidants in animal nutrition and their potential for regulating oxidative stress. Although traditional nutritional approaches promote oxidative stress defense systems in mammalian animals, several issues remain to be solved, such as low bioavailability, targeted tissue efficiency, and high-dose by-effect. As an important candidate offering regulation opportunities concerned with cellular communication, disease prevention, and physiology regulation in multiple biological systems, the potential of exosomes in mediating redox status in biological systems has not been well described. A previously reported relationship between redox system regulation and circulating exosomes suggested exosomes as a fundamental candidate for both a regulator and biomarker for a redox system. Herein, we review the effects of oxidative stress on exosomes in animals and the potential application of exosomes as antioxidants in animal nutrition. Then, we highlight the advantages of exosomes as redox regulators due to their higher bioavailability and physiological heterogeneity-targeted properties, providing a theoretical foundation and feed industry application. Therefore, exosomes have shown great potential as novel antioxidants in the field of animal nutrition. They can overcome the limitations of traditional antioxidants in terms of dosage and side effects, which will provide unprecedented opportunities in nutritional management and disease prevention, and may become a major breakthrough in the field of animal nutrition.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-08
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080964
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 965: Extraction Optimization, Structural
Analysis, and Potential Bioactivities of a Novel Polysaccharide from
Sporisorium reilianum
Authors: He Shi, Siyi Zhang, Mandi Zhu, Xiaoyan Li, Weiguang Jie, Lianbao Kan
First page: 965
Abstract: Sporisorium reilianum is an important biotrophic pathogen that causes head smut disease. Polysaccharides extracted from diseased sorghum heads by Sporisorium reilianum exhibit significant medicinal and edible value. However, the structure and biological activities of these novel polysaccharides have not been explored. In this study, a novel polysaccharide (WM-NP’-60) was isolated and purified from the fruit bodies of S. reilianum and aimed to explore the structural characteristics and substantial antioxidant and antitumor properties of WM-NP’-60. Monosaccharide composition determination, periodate oxidation-Smith degradation, 1D/2D-NMR analysis, and methylation analysis revealed that WM-NP’-60 consisted mainly of β-1,6-D-Glcp, β-1,3-D-Glcp, and β-1,3,6-D-Glcp linkages. The antioxidant assays demonstrated that WM-NP’-60 exhibited great activities, including scavenging free radicals, chelating ferrous ions, and eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells. The HepG2, SGC7901, and HCT116 cells examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed typical apoptotic bodies. Therefore, a novel fungal polysaccharide (WM-NP’-60) was discovered, extracted, and purified in this experiment, with the aim of providing a reference for the development of a new generation of food and nutraceutical products suitable for human consumption.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-08
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080965
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 966: Exploring Plasma Coenzyme Q10 Status in
Paediatric Dyslipidaemia
Authors: Beatriz Minguez, Mariela de Los Santos, Camila Garcia-Volpe, Cristina Molera, Abraham J. Paredes-Fuentes, Clara Oliva, Angela Arias, Helena Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Delia Yubero, Mireia Tondo, Carlos Santos-Ocaña, Silvia Meavilla, Rafael Artuch
First page: 966
Abstract: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) is a ubiquitous lipid with different biological functions. In blood, there is a close relationship between CoQ status and cholesterol, which strongly supports the study of both molecules simultaneously. The objective of this study was to evaluate plasma CoQ, lipoprotein concentrations and CoQ/Chol ratio in a cohort of paediatric patients with different types of dyslipidaemias. A total of 60 paediatric patients were recruited (age range: 7 months–18 years), including 52 with different types of hypercholesterolemia, 2 with isolated hypertriglyceridemia and 6 with hypobetalipoproteinemia. Plasma CoQ was analysed by HPLC with electrochemical detection, and lipoprotein and cholesterol concentrations by standard automated methods. The lowest CoQ values were detected in patients with hypobetalipoproteinemia and in two cases of liver cirrhosis. Mean CoQ values were significantly higher in hypercholesterolemic patients compared to controls (average values 1.07 µmol/L and 0.63 µmol/L) while the CoQ/cholesterol ratio did not show differences (170 vs. 163, respectively). Mean CoQ values were significantly lower in the group of patients with hypobetalipoproteinemia compared to controls (mean CoQ values of 0.22 µmol/L vs. 0.63 µmol/L, respectively), while those of CoQ/cholesterol did not show differences. Pearson’s correlation test showed a positive correlation between the CoQ and cholesterol values (r = 0.565, p < 0.001) and between the CoQ and the LDL cholesterol values (r = 0.610, p < 0.001). Our results suggest that it is advisable to analyse plasma CoQ and cholesterol concentrations in patients with hypobetalipoproteinemia and hypercholesterolemia associated with liver damage.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-09
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080966
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 967: The Impact of Bariatric Surgery on
Glutathione Synthesis in Individuals with Severe Obesity
Authors: Hong Chang Tan, Jean W. Hsu, E Shyong Tai, Shaji Chacko, Jean-Paul Kovalik, Farook Jahoor
First page: 967
Abstract: Glycine is deficient in individuals with obesity but improves following bariatric surgery. Glycine deficiency could impair glutathione (GSH) synthesis and worsen oxidative stress. We examined the impact of obesity-associated glycine deficiency and bariatric surgery on GSH synthesis. Twenty-one participants with severe obesity and twenty-one healthy weight controls were recruited. [1,2-13C2] glycine was infused to measure the erythrocyte (RBC) GSH synthesis rate. Participants with obesity underwent bariatric surgery, and 19 were restudied six months post-surgery. Compared to healthy weight controls, individuals with obesity had significantly lower concentrations of RBC GSH (2.43 ± 0.23 vs. 2.63 ± 0.26 mmol/L, p < 0.01). However, there were no differences in GSH fractional synthesis rate [78.0 (51.4–123.7) vs. 76.9 (49.3–110.1) % pool/day, p = 0.58] or absolute synthesis rate [1.85 (1.25–3.32) vs. 1.92 (1.43–3.03) mmol/L RBC/day, p = 0.97]. Despite a post-surgery increase in glycine concentration, no statistically significant changes in RBC GSH concentration or synthesis rates were detected. Further, the significant correlation between plasma glycine and RBC GSH concentration at baseline (r = 0.46, p < 0.01) was also lost following bariatric surgery. GSH concentration was significantly lower in participants with obesity, but bariatric surgery did not significantly increase GSH concentrations or synthesis rates.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-09
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080967
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 968: Vitamin C-Dependent Uptake of Non-Heme
Iron by Enterocytes, Its Impact on Erythropoiesis and Redox Capacity of
Human Erythrocytes
Authors: Xia Pan, Martin Köberle, Mehrdad Ghashghaeinia
First page: 968
Abstract: In the small intestine, nutrients from ingested food are absorbed and broken down by enterocytes, which constitute over 95% of the intestinal epithelium. Enterocytes demonstrate diet- and segment-dependent metabolic flexibility, enabling them to take up large amounts of glutamine and glucose to meet their energy needs and transfer these nutrients into the bloodstream. During glycolysis, ATP, lactate, and H+ ions are produced within the enterocytes. Based on extensive but incomplete glutamine oxidation large amounts of alanine or lactate are produced. Lactate, in turn, promotes hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (Hif-1α) activation and Hif-1α-dependent transcription of various proton channels and exchangers, which extrude cytoplasmic H+-ions into the intestinal lumen. In parallel, the vitamin C-dependent and duodenal cytochrome b-mediated conversion of ferric iron into ferrous iron progresses. Finally, the generated electrochemical gradient is utilized by the divalent metal transporter 1 for H+-coupled uptake of non-heme Fe2+-ions. Iron efflux from enterocytes, subsequent binding to the plasma protein transferrin, and systemic distribution supply a wide range of cells with iron, including erythroid precursors essential for erythropoiesis. In this review, we discuss the impact of vitamin C on the redox capacity of human erythrocytes and connect enterocyte function with iron metabolism, highlighting its effects on erythropoiesis.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-08-09
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080968
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 8 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 869: Citrus Pomace as a Source of Plant
Complexes to Be Used in the Nutraceutical Field of Intestinal Inflammation
Authors: Mariarosaria Ingegneri, Maria Rita Braghini, Michela Piccione, Cristiano De Stefanis, Manuela Mandrone, Ilaria Chiocchio, Ferruccio Poli, Martina Imbesi, Anna Alisi, Antonella Smeriglio, Domenico Trombetta
First page: 869
Abstract: This study aims to recover the main by-product of Citrus fruits processing, the raw pomace, known also as pastazzo, to produce plant complexes to be used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Food-grade extracts from orange (OE) and lemon (LE) pomace were obtained by ultrasound-assisted maceration. After a preliminary phytochemical and biological screening by in vitro assays, primary and secondary metabolites were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-ESI-MS) analyses. The intestinal bioaccessibility and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties were investigated by in vitro simulated gastro-intestinal digestion followed by treatments on a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2). The tight junctions-associated structural proteins (ZO-1, Claudin-1, and Occludin), transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), reactive oxygen species (ROS)-levels, expression of some key antioxidant (CAT, NRF2 and SOD2) and inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8) genes, and pNFkB p65 nuclear translocation, were evaluated. The OE and LE digesta, which did not show any significant difference in terms of phytochemical profile, showed significant effects in protecting against the LPS-induced intestinal barrier damage, oxidative stress and inflammatory response. In conclusion, both OE and LE emerged as potential candidates for further preclinical studies on in vivo IBD models.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-19
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070869
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 7 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 870: The Impact of Weight Loss on
Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Function in Subjects
with Obesity
Authors: Neus Bosch-Sierra, Carmen Grau-del Valle, Jonathan Hermenejildo, Alberto Hermo-Argibay, Juan Diego Salazar, Marta Garrido, Beatriz Navajas-Porras, Guillermo Sáez, Carlos Morillas, Celia Bañuls
First page: 870
Abstract: Inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function are implicated in the development of obesity and its comorbidities. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of weight loss through calorie restriction on the metabolic profile, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters, and mitochondrial respiration in an obese population. A total of 109 subjects underwent two cycles of a very low-calorie diet alternated with a low-calorie diet (24 weeks). We analyzed biochemical and inflammatory parameters in serum, as well as oxidative stress markers, mRNA antioxidant gene expression, and mitochondrial respiration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). After the intervention, there was an improvement in both insulin resistance and lipid profiles, including cholesterol subfractions. Weight loss produced a significant reduction in mitochondrial ROSs content and an increase in glutathione levels, coupled with an enhancement in the mRNA expression of antioxidant systems (SOD1, GSR, and CAT). In addition, a significant improvement in basal oxygen consumption, maximal respiration, and ATP production was observed. These findings demonstrate that moderate weight loss can improve insulin resistance, lipid profiles and subfractions, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters, and mitochondrial respiration. Therefore, we can affirm that dietary intervention can simultaneously achieve significant weight loss and improve metabolic profile and mitochondrial function in obesity.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-19
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070870
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 7 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 871: Sub-Chronic Methomyl Exposure Induces
Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses in Zebrafish with Higher
Female Susceptibility
Authors: Mingxiao Li, Xi Chen, Chao Song, Jing Xu, Limin Fan, Liping Qiu, Dandan Li, Huimin Xu, Shunlong Meng, Xiyan Mu, Bin Xia, Jun Ling
First page: 871
Abstract: The widespread use of carbamate pesticides has raised significant environmental and health concerns, particularly regarding water contamination and the disruption of defense systems in organisms. Despite these concerns, research on the differential impacts of pesticides on male and female organisms remains limited. This study focused on methomyl, investigating sex-specific differences in liver antioxidant defenses and inflammatory response indices in male and female zebrafish after 56 days of exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 mg/L). Our findings indicate that methomyl exposure significantly increased ROS content in zebrafish livers, inducing oxidative stress and activating enzymatic antioxidant defenses such as SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities. Sub-chronic exposure altered the expression of apoptosis-related genes (Bax/Bcl2a and Caspases3a), resulting in liver cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner, with the 0.20 mg/L concentration causing the most severe damage. Additionally, methomyl exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations triggered persistent inflammatory responses in liver tissues, evidenced by increased transcription levels of inflammatory factor genes and the activation of toll-like receptors, heightening susceptibility to exogenous allergens. It is noteworthy that oxidative damage indicators (AST, ROS, MDA) and inflammatory gene expressions (IL-1β, TNF-α) were significantly higher in female livers compared to male livers at 0.10–0.20 mg/L methomyl exposure. Consequently, our study underscores the potential adverse effects of environmental methomyl exposure on aquatic organisms and highlights the need for heightened consideration of the risks posed by environmental endocrine disruptors to female health and safety.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-20
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070871
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 7 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 872: Integrated Metabolomics and Metagenomics
Unveiled Biomarkers of Antioxidant Potential in Fermented Brewer’s
Grains
Authors: Hammad Qamar, Yuanfei Li, Rong He, Muhammad Waqas, Min Song, Dun Deng, Yiyan Cui, Pan Yang, Zhichang Liu, Bilal Qammar, Muhammad Asnan, Xiangxue Xie, Miao Yu, Xianyong Ma
First page: 872
Abstract: About one-third of the global food supply is wasted. Brewers’ spent grain (BSG), being produced in enormous amounts by the brewery industry, possesses an eminence nutritional profile, yet its recycling is often neglected for multiple reasons. We employed integrated metagenomics and metabolomics techniques to assess the effects of enzyme treatments and Lactobacillus fermentation on the antioxidant capacity of BSG. The biotreated BSG revealed improved antioxidant capability, as evidenced by significantly increased (p < 0.05) radical scavenging activity and flavonoid and polyphenol content. Untargeted metabolomics revealed that Lactobacillus fermentation led to the prominent synthesis (p < 0.05) of 15 novel antioxidant peptides, as well as significantly higher (p < 0.05) enrichment of isoflavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. The correlation analysis demonstrated that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum exhibited strong correlation (p < 0.05) with aucubin and carbohydrate-active enzymes, namely, glycoside hydrolases 25, glycosyl transferases 5, and carbohydrate esterases 9. The fermented BSG has potential applications in the food industry as a culture medium, a functional food component for human consumption, and a bioactive feed ingredient for animals.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-20
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070872
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 7 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 873: Culture of Bovine Aortic Endothelial
Cells in Galactose Media Enhances Mitochondrial Plasticity and Changes
Redox Sensing, Altering Nrf2 and FOXO3 Levels
Authors: Leticia Selinger Galant, Laura Doblado, Rafael Radi, Andreza Fabro de Bem, Maria Monsalve
First page: 873
Abstract: Understanding the complex biological processes of cells in culture, particularly those related to metabolism, can be biased by culture conditions, since the choice of energy substrate impacts all of the main metabolic pathways. When glucose is replaced by galactose, cells decrease their glycolytic flux, working as an in vitro model of limited nutrient availability. However, the effect of these changes on related physiological processes such as redox control is not well documented, particularly in endothelial cells, where mitochondrial oxidation is considered to be low. We evaluated the differences in mitochondrial dynamics and function in endothelial cells exposed to galactose or glucose culture medium. We observed that cells maintained in galactose-containing medium show a higher mitochondrial oxidative capacity, a more fused mitochondrial network, and higher intercellular coupling. These factors are documented to impact the cellular response to oxidative stress. Therefore, we analyzed the levels of two main redox regulators and found that bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) in galactose media had higher levels of FOXO3 and lower levels of Nrf2 than those in glucose-containing media. Thus, cultures of endothelial cells in a galactose-containing medium may provide a more suitable target for the study of in vitro mitochondrial-related processes than those in glucose-containing media; the medium deeply influences redox signaling in these cells.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-20
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070873
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 7 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 874: Botanical Origin and Biological
Authors: Jose Juan Alcivar-Saldaña, Marco Aurelio Rodriguez-Monroy, Liborio Carrillo-Miranda, Maria Margarita Canales-Martinez
First page: 874
Abstract: Beekeeping is an activity that generates various products, mainly honey and propolis, with different biological activities that are studied extensively using various methodologies. The influence of various phenolic compounds, such as phenols and flavonoids, which are synthesized and concentrated differently in each product depending on the melliferous flora and sources of resources, on the manufacture of propolis or honey has been investigated. However, the analysis of these products has been performed separately and is outdated in time, and depending on the area and the flowering periods, different crops may be harvested. The analysis of the honey and propolis produced in Cuautitlan, State of Mexico, in the high plateau beekeeping zone, for a period of four years, both in the dry and rainy seasons, was proposed to determine the botanical origin of the honey and propolis. The primary pollen type in both honey and propolis was from Brassica rapa. Physicochemical tests were conducted, revealing higher concentrations of antimicrobial activity in the dry season than in the rainy season. Honey, propolis, and a vegetation extract showed activity against S. aureus, while only honey had an effect on E. coli in both seasons. For antifungal activity, only propolis collected in the rainy season had this activity. The biological properties of these products are closely related to the flora that varies both annually and between seasons, influencing the concentrations of phenolic compounds, as well as the biological activity of honey and propolis.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-20
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070874
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 7 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 875: Rod-Shaped Mesoporous Zinc-Containing
Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles: Structural, Physico-Chemical, Antioxidant,
and Immuno-Regulation Properties
Authors: Xiuan Zhu, Wenjie Wen, Jingjing Yan, Yuran Wang, Rumeng Wang, Xiang Ma, Dandan Ren, Kai Zheng, Chao Deng, Jue Zhang
First page: 875
Abstract: Bioactive glass nanoparticles (BGNs) are applied widely in tissue regeneration. Varied micro/nanostructures and components of BGNs have been designed for different applications. In the present study, nanorod-shaped mesoporous zinc-containing bioactive glass nanoparticles (ZnRBGNs) were designed and developed to form the bioactive content of composite materials for hard/soft tissue repair and regeneration. The nanostructure and components of the ZnRBGNs were characterized, as were their cytocompatibility and radical-scavenging activity in the presence/absence of cells and their ability to modulate macrophage polarization. The ZnRBGNs possessed a uniform rod shape (length ≈ 500 nm; width ≈ 150 nm) with a mesoporous structure (diameter ≈ 2.4 nm). The leaching liquid of the nanorods at a concentration below 0.5 mg/mL resulted in no cytotoxicity. More significant improvements in the antioxidant and M1-polarization-inhibiting effects and the promotion of M2 polarization were found when culturing the cells with the ZnRBGNs compared to when culturing them with the RBGNs. The doping of the Zn element in RBGNs may lead to improved antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which may be beneficial in tissue regeneration/repair.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-21
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070875
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 7 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 876: Syringaresinol Attenuates
α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species
Generation and Melanogenesis
Authors: Kyuri Kim, Jihyun Yoon, Kyung-Min Lim
First page: 876
Abstract: Ginseng has been utilized for centuries in both the medicinal and cosmetic realms. Recent studies have actively investigated the biological activity of ginseng berry and its constituents. (+)-Syringaresinol [(+)-SYR], an active component of ginseng berry, has been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on the skin, but its potential impact on skin pigmentation has not been fully explored. Here, the antioxidant and anti-pigmentary activity of (+)-SYR were evaluated in B16F10 murine melanoma cells and in an artificial human pigmented skin model, Melanoderm™. A real-time PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and histochemistry staining were conducted to confirm the effects of (+)-SYR on pigmentation. (+)-SYR reduced melanogenesis and dendrite elongation in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-primed B16F10 cells with low cytotoxicity. (+)-SYR suppressed the expression of melanogenic genes, namely tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2). Notably, (+)-SYR attenuated α-MSH-induced cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which was attributable at least in part to the suppression of NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX 4) expression. Finally, the brightening activities of (+)-SYR were verified using Melanoderm™, underscoring the potential of ginseng berry and (+)-SYR as functional ingredients in skin-brightening cosmetics.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-21
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070876
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 7 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 877: Ten “Cheat Codes” for
Measuring Oxidative Stress in Humans
Authors: James N. Cobley, Nikos V. Margaritelis, Panagiotis N. Chatzinikolaou, Michalis G. Nikolaidis, Gareth W. Davison
First page: 877
Abstract: Formidable and often seemingly insurmountable conceptual, technical, and methodological challenges hamper the measurement of oxidative stress in humans. For instance, fraught and flawed methods, such as the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay kits for lipid peroxidation, rate-limit progress. To advance translational redox research, we present ten comprehensive “cheat codes” for measuring oxidative stress in humans. The cheat codes include analytical approaches to assess reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, oxidative damage, and redox regulation. They provide essential conceptual, technical, and methodological information inclusive of curated “do” and “don’t” guidelines. Given the biochemical complexity of oxidative stress, we present a research question-grounded decision tree guide for selecting the most appropriate cheat code(s) to implement in a prospective human experiment. Worked examples demonstrate the benefits of the decision tree-based cheat code selection tool. The ten cheat codes define an invaluable resource for measuring oxidative stress in humans.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-22
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070877
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 7 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 878: Ocular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
as a Result of Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia: A Rat Model of Sleep Apnea
Authors: Nina Donkor, Jennifer J. Gardner, Jessica L. Bradshaw, Rebecca L. Cunningham, Denise M. Inman
First page: 878
Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder characterized by intermittent complete or partial occlusion of the airway. Despite a recognized association between OSA and glaucoma, the nature of the underlying link remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether mild OSA induces morphological, inflammatory, and metabolic changes in the retina resembling those seen in glaucoma using a rat model of OSA known as chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). Rats were randomly assigned to either normoxic or CIH groups. The CIH group was exposed to periodic hypoxia during its sleep phase with oxygen reduction from 21% to 10% and reoxygenation in 6 min cycles over 8 h/day. The eyes were subsequently enucleated, and then the retinas were evaluated for retinal ganglion cell number, oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, metabolic changes, and hypoxic response modulation using immunohistochemistry, multiplex assays, and capillary electrophoresis. Statistically significant differences were observed between normoxic and CIH groups for oxidative stress and inflammation, with CIH resulting in increased HIF-1α protein levels, higher oxidative stress marker 8-OHdG, and increased TNF-α. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1 protein was significantly reduced with CIH. No significant differences were found in retinal ganglion cell number. Our findings suggest that CIH induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and upregulation of HIF-1α in the retina, akin to early-stage glaucoma.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-22
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070878
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 7 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 879: Recent Advances in Astaxanthin as an
Antioxidant in Food Applications
Authors: Yimeng Dang, Zhixi Li, Fanqianhui Yu
First page: 879
Abstract: In recent years, astaxanthin as a natural substance has received widespread attention for its potential to replace traditional synthetic antioxidants and because its antioxidant activity exceeds that of similar substances. Based on this, this review introduces the specific forms of astaxanthin currently used as an antioxidant in foods, both in its naturally occurring forms and in artificially added forms involving technologies such as emulsion, microcapsule, film, nano liposome and nano particle, aiming to improve its stability, dispersion and bioavailability in complex food systems. In addition, research progress on the application of astaxanthin in various food products, such as whole grains, seafood and poultry products, is summarized. In view of the characteristics of astaxanthin, such as insolubility in water and sensitivity to light, heat, oxygen and humidity, the main research trends of astaxanthin-loaded systems with high encapsulation efficiency, good stability, good taste masking effect and cost-effectiveness are also pointed out. Finally, the possible sensory effects of adding astaxanthin to food aresummarized, providing theoretical support for the development of astaxanthin-related food.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-22
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070879
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 7 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 880: Antioxidant and Anti-Apoptotic
Neuroprotective Effects of Cinnamon in Imiquimod-Induced Lupus
Authors: Georges Maalouly, Christine-Marie-Anne Martin, Yara Baz, Youakim Saliba, Anna-Maria Baramili, Nassim Fares
First page: 880
Abstract: Background: Despite accumulating evidence correlating oxidative stress with lupus disease activity, the brain redox pathways are still poorly investigated. Cinnamomum cassia, a widely used spice with powerful antioxidant properties, could be a novel therapeutic candidate in lupus. Methods: C57BL/6J female mice were divided into five groups: sham, sham-cinnamon, lupus, lupus-cinnamon starting from induction, and lupus-cinnamon starting two weeks before induction. Lupus was induced by skin application on the right ear with 1.25 mg of 5% imiquimod cream three times per week for six weeks. Cinnamomum cassia was given orally, five days per week, at 200 mg/kg. Results: Concomitant to TLR7-MYD88 pathway activation, the p-NRF2/NRF2 and p-FOXO3/FOXO3 ratios were increased in the hippocampus and alleviated by cinnamon treatment. BCL-2 positivity was enhanced in hippocampal neurons and reversed only by preventive cinnamon administration. In vitro, exposure of hippocampal cells to the plasma of different groups induced a surge in oxidative stress. This was associated with an increased t-BID/BID ratio. Cinnamon treatment, particularly in the preventive arm, normalized these modifications. Conclusions: Our study shows a neuroprotective effect of cinnamon by rescuing brain redox and apoptosis homeostasis in lupus, paving the way for its use as a natural therapeutic compound in the clinical management of lupus.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-22
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070880
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 7 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 881: Tumoral Malignancy Decreases Coupled
with Higher ROS and Lipid Peroxidation in HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells upon
Loss of PRDX6
Authors: Daniel J. Lagal, Antonio M. Montes-Osuna, Alberto Ortiz-Olivencia, Candela Arribas-Parejas, Ángel Ortiz-Alcántara, Cristina Pescuezo-Castillo, José Antonio Bárcena, Carmen Alicia Padilla, Raquel Requejo-Aguilar
First page: 881
Abstract: Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) is an atypical member of the peroxiredoxin family that presents not only peroxidase but also phospholipase A2 and lysophosphatidylcholine acyl transferase activities able to act on lipid hydroperoxides of cell membranes. It has been associated with the proliferation and invasive capacity of different tumoral cells including colorectal cancer cells, although the effect of its removal in these cells has not been yet studied. Here, using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we constructed an HCT116 colorectal cancer cell line knockout for PRDX6 to study whether the mechanisms described for other cancer cells in terms of proliferation, migration, and invasiveness also apply in this tumoral cell line. HCT116 cells lacking PRDX6 showed increased ROS and lipid peroxidation, a decrease in the antioxidant response regulator NRF2, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased sensitivity to ferroptosis. All these alterations lead to a decrease in proliferation, migration, and invasiveness in these cells. Furthermore, the reduced migratory and invasive capacity of HCT116 cancer cells is consistent with the observed cadherin switch and decrease in pro-invasive proteins such as MMPs. Therefore, the mechanism behind the effects of loss of PRDX6 in HCT116 cells could differ from that in HepG2 cells which is coherent with the fact that the correlation of PRDX6 expression with patient survival is different in hepatocellular carcinomas. Nonetheless, our results point to this protein as a good therapeutic target also for colorectal cancer.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-22
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070881
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 7 (2024)
- Antioxidants, Vol. 13, Pages 882: The Double-Edged Sword of ROS in Muscle
Wasting and COPD: Insights from Aging-Related Sarcopenia
Authors: S. M. H. Chan, S. Selemidis, R. Vlahos
First page: 882
Abstract: An elevation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) is widely accepted to be a key mechanism that drives chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its major co-morbidity, skeletal muscle wasting. However, it will be perhaps a surprise to many that an elevation in ROS in skeletal muscle is also a critical process for normal skeletal muscle function and in the adaptations to physical exercise. The key message here is that ROS are not solely detrimental. This duality of ROS suggests that the mere use of a broad-acting antioxidant is destined to fail in alleviating skeletal muscle wasting in COPD because it will also be influencing critical physiological ROS-dependent processes. Here, we take a close look at this duality of ROS in skeletal muscle physiology and pathophysiology pertaining to COPD and will aim to gain critical insights from other skeletal muscle wasting conditions due to aging such as sarcopenia.
Citation: Antioxidants
PubDate: 2024-07-22
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070882
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 7 (2024)
