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Biomarker Insights
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This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 1177-2719
Published by Sage Publications

[1176 journals]

Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Characterization of Plasma Biomarkers for
Colorectal Cancer Associated With Inflammation
- Authors: Víctor Urbiola-Salvador, Agnieszka Jabłońska, Dominika Miroszewska, Weronika Kamysz, Katarzyna Duzowska, Kinga Drężek-Chyła, Ronny Baber, René Thieme, Ines Gockel, Marek Zdrenka, Ewa Śrutek, Łukasz Szylberg, Michał Jankowski, Dariusz Bała, Wojciech Zegarski, Tomasz Nowikiewicz, Wojciech Makarewicz, Agnieszka Adamczyk, Aleksandra Ambicka, Marcin Przewoźnik, Agnieszka Harazin-Lechowska, Janusz Ryś, Katarzyna Macur, Paulina Czaplewska, Natalia Filipowicz, Arkadiusz Piotrowski, Jan P Dumanski, Zhi Chen
  Abstract: Biomarker Insights, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
  Background:Colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis is determined by the disease stage with low survival rates for advanced stages. Current CRC screening programs are mainly using colonoscopy, limited by its invasiveness and high cost. Therefore, non-invasive, cost-effective, and accurate alternatives are urgently needed.Objective and design:This retrospective multi-center plasma proteomics study was performed to identify potential blood-based biomarkers in 36 CRC patients and 26 healthy volunteers by high-resolution mass spectrometry proteomics followed by the validation in an independent CRC cohort (60 CRC patients and 44 healthy subjects) of identified selected biomarkers.Results:Among the 322 identified plasma proteins, 37 were changed between CRC patients and healthy volunteers and were associated with the complement cascade, cholesterol metabolism, and SERPIN family members. Increased levels in CRC patients of the complement proteins C1QB, C4B, and C5 as well as pro-inflammatory proteins, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and serum amyloid A4, constitutive (SAA4) were revealed for first time. Importantly, increased level of C5 was verified in an independent validation CRC cohort. Increased C4B and C8A levels were correlated with cancer-associated inflammation and CRC progression, while cancer-associated inflammation was linked to the acute-phase reactant leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) and ceruloplasmin. Moreover, a 4-protein signature including C4B, C8A, apolipoprotein C2 (APO) C2, and immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 2 was changed between early and late CRC stages.Conclusion:Our results suggest that C5 could be a potential biomarker for CRC diagnosis. Further validation studies will aid the application of these new potential biomarkers to improve CRC diagnosis and patient care.
  Citation: Biomarker Insights
  PubDate: 2024-06-20T09:34:08Z
  DOI: 10.1177/11772719241257739
  Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
Navigating the Intricacies of Tumor Heterogeneity: An Insight into
Potential Prognostic Breast Cancer Biomarkers
- Authors: Nastassia Altriche, Simone Gallant, Tanya Nadine Augustine, Kutlwano Rekgopetswe Xulu
  Abstract: Biomarker Insights, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
  Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with diverse histological and molecular subtypes. Luminal breast tumors are the most diagnosed subtype. In luminal breast cancer, hormone receptors (including ER, PR, HER2) play a diagnostic and prognostic role. Despite the effectiveness of endocrine therapy in luminal breast tumors, tumor recurrence and resistance occur, and this may highlight evolutionary strategies for survival driven by stemness. In this review we thus consider the association between estrogen signaling and stemness in mediating tumor processes. Many studies report stemness as one of the factors promoting tumor progression. Its association with estrogen signaling warrants further investigation and provides an opportunity for the identification of novel biomarkers which may be used for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes. Breast cancer stem cells have been characterized (CD44+ CD24−) and their role in promoting treatment resistance and tumor recurrence widely studied; however, the complexity of tumor progression which also involve microenvironmental factors suggests the existence of more varied cell phenotypes which mediate stemness and its role in tumor progression.
  Citation: Biomarker Insights
  PubDate: 2024-06-17T09:27:31Z
  DOI: 10.1177/11772719241256798
  Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
Genetic Association Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the APOA5
rs662799 and PLIN1 rs894160 Metabolic Variants in the Western Saudi
Population: A Case-Control Study
- Authors: Sherin Bakhashab, Asma A Batarfi, Mahinar M Alhartani, Rola Turki, Wessam Mady
  Abstract: Biomarker Insights, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
  Background:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinological condition affecting women of reproductive age, associated with insulin resistance and obesity. PCOS pathogenesis is complex and multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental factors.Objectives:This study aimed to determine and compare genotype and allele frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5; rs662799) and perilipin 1 (PLIN1; rs894160, rs1052700 and rs6496589) genes in Western Saudi women to investigate their association with PCOS and its clinical characteristics.Design and methods:This was a case-control study conducted on women with (n = 104) and without (n = 87) PCOS. The SNPs were genotyped using TaqMan genotyping assays.Results:Significant and direct associations were detected between PCOS susceptibility and APOA5 SNP rs662799 and PLIN1 SNP rs894160 (P
  Citation: Biomarker Insights
  PubDate: 2024-06-16T03:23:21Z
  DOI: 10.1177/11772719241258585
  Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
Novel Serum Proteomes Expressed from Benzene Exposure Among Gasoline
Station Attendants
- Authors: Chan Pattama Polyong, Sittiruk Roytrakul, Jintana Sirivarasai, Tanongsak Yingratanasuk, Anamai Thetkathuek
  Abstract: Biomarker Insights, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
  Background:Research on the proteomes impact of benzene exposure in fuel station employees remains sparse, underscoring the need for detailed health impact assessments focusing on biomarker evaluation.Objectives:This investigation aimed to analyze the differences in blood parameters and serum proteomes resulting from benzene exposure between gasoline station attendants (B-GSA) and a control group.Design and methods:A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with 96 participants, comprising 54 in the B-GSA group and 42 in the control group. The methodology employed included an interview questionnaire alongside urine and blood sample collections. The urine samples were analyzed for trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA) levels, while the blood samples underwent complete blood count analysis and proteome profiling.Results:Post-shift analysis indicated that the B-GSA group exhibited significantly higher levels of t,t-MA and monocytes compared to the control group (P
  Citation: Biomarker Insights
  PubDate: 2024-06-11T04:41:51Z
  DOI: 10.1177/11772719241259604
  Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
Association of 10 Polymorphisms in PLA2R1 and HLA DQA1 Genes with Primary
Membranous Nephropathy Risk: A Meta-Analysis and a Meta-Regression
- Authors: Tarak Dhaouadi, Awatef Riahi, Taïeb Ben Abdallah, Yousr Gorgi, Imen Sfar
  Abstract: Biomarker Insights, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
  Background:Although, several studies have assessed the association of the phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) and HLA-DQA1 SNPs with primary membranous nephropathy (PMN), results were inconsistent and between-studies heterogeneity needs to be investigated.Objectives:The aim of this review was to summarize existing data on the contribution of 10 SNPs in the PLA2R and HLA-DQA1 genes to PMN susceptibility and to investigate the between-studies heterogeneity by subgroup analyses and meta-regressions.Design:This study was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Data sources and methods:An electronic literature search for eligible studies among all papers published prior to January 10, 2024, was conducted through PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science and Scopus databases. Meta-analyses together with subgroup analyses and meta-regressions were performed for the 10 following SNPs: rs4664308, rs3749117, rs3749119, rs35771982, rs3828323, rs16844715, rs1511223, rs6757188, rs2715918, and rs2187668.Results:Combined analyses revealed a significant increase in PMN risk conferred by the following alleles: rs4664308*A, rs3749117*T, rs3749119*C, rs35771982*G, rs3828323*C, rs16844715*C, rs1511223*A, rs2715918*A, and rs2187668*A, all P-values
  Citation: Biomarker Insights
  PubDate: 2024-06-10T11:48:43Z
  DOI: 10.1177/11772719241259602
  Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
MicroRNAs in Umbilical Cord Blood and Development in Full-Term Newborns: A
Prospective Study
- Authors: Liang-Jen Wang, Ching-Chang Tsai, How-Ran Chao, Sheng-Yu Lee, Chih-Cheng Chen, Sung-Chou Li
  Abstract: Biomarker Insights, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
  Background:Exploring the epigenetic regulations, such as microRNA, in newborns holds significant promise for enhancing our ability to address and potentially prevent early-life developmental delays.Objectives:Hence, this research seeks to investigate if the expression of miRNA in the umbilical cord blood of infants can forecast their developmental outcomes as they grow older.Design and method:We enrolled 143 full-term newborns, delivered either via cesarean section (CS) or through natural spontaneous delivery (NSD). We then analyzed the profiles of specific miRNAs (miR-486-5p, miR-126-5p, miR-140-3p, miR-151a-3p, miR-142-5p, and miR-30e-5p) in the umbilical cord blood of these infants. Subsequently, we performed follow-up assessments using Bayley-III scores when the cohort reached 1 year of age. Furthermore, we conducted pathway-enrichment analyses on the target genes associated with these examined miRNAs.Results:When comparing newborns delivered via cesarean section (CS) to those born via natural spontaneous delivery (NSD), we observed notable differences. Specifically, newborns through NSD displayed significantly higher ΔCt values for miR-486-5p, alongside lower ΔCt values for miR-126-5p and miR-151a-3p in their cord blood. At 1 year of age, cognitive development was significantly linked to the ΔCt values of miR-140-3p and miR-142-5p, while language development showed a significant association with the ΔCt values of miR-140-3p. Moreover, our pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the target genes of these miRNAs were consistently involved in the pathways related to neurons, such as axon guidance and the neurotrophin signaling pathway.Conclusion:In summary, this study represents a pioneering effort in elucidating the potential connections between miRNA levels in cord blood and the health indicators and neurodevelopment of newborns at 1 year of age. Our findings underscore the significance of miRNA levels at birth in influencing mechanisms related to neurodevelopment.
  Citation: Biomarker Insights
  PubDate: 2024-06-10T11:46:56Z
  DOI: 10.1177/11772719241258017
  Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
Effect of Cytokeratin-18, C-peptide, MHR, and MACK-3 Biomarkers in
Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease After Laparoscopic
Sleeve Gastrectomy
- Authors: Mohamed Hany, Hala M Demerdash, Anwar Ashraf Abouelnasr, Bart Torensma
  Abstract: Biomarker Insights, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
  Background:Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has emerged as a valuable treatment for various metabolic disorders, including metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in patients with obesity. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring disease progression.Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate specific biomarkers, including Cytokeratin-18 (CK-18), C-peptide, monocyte to HDL cholesterol ratio (MHR), and MACK-3, in patients with obesity with MAFLD undergoing LSG.Design:A prospective cohort study on patients with obesity before and 6 months after the LSG procedure.Methods:70 patients with obesity with confirmed MAFLD, determined by Transient Elastography (TE), were pre- and 6 months postoperatively tested. Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profile, ghrelin, leptin, peptide YY, GLP-1, and liver fibrosis scores, including AST/ALT ratio (AAR), Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4), and BARD Score were tested.Results:BMI significantly decreased in all participants, with a % excess weight loss of 62.0% ± 15.4%. TE measurements revealed a significant postoperative reduction from 100% to 87.1% (P = .006). All selected biomarkers showed significant postoperative improvement—a significant association of CK-18 with MAFLD markers, including AAR, FIB-4, and BARD score, were found. MACK-3 had positive associations with FIB-4. C-peptide and MHR showed no association with MAFLD markers. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between CK-18 and MACK-3 tests and between C-peptide and CK-18 and MACK-3. Additionally, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed, with CK-18 performing the best, with an estimated area under the curve of 0.863.Conclusion:Serum CK-18 outperformed other selected biomarkers in predicting and monitoring MAFLD in patients with obesity, suggesting its prospective utility in clinical practice. Further studies are needed to validate the accuracy of the MACK-3 test.Plain Language SummaryEffect on biomarkers in patients with fatty liver after weight loss surgeryA sleeve gastrectomy is an operation when patient have obesity and need to lose weight. This operation help people with obesity who also have fatty liver disease that’s not related to alcohol use. Researchers are looking for simple blood tests to track the disease. In this study, they checked how well 4 of these tests worked before and after the surgery in 70 people. They found that the patients lost a lot of weight and their liver health improved. One test, in particular, called CK-18, was really good at showing these changes. Another test, MACK-3, also showed promise, but more research is needed to be sure. The other 2 tests didn’t seem to be linked to signs of fatty liver disease. This suggests that CK-18 could be a useful tool for doctors to see how patients are doing after this surgery
  Citation: Biomarker Insights
  PubDate: 2024-06-04T05:26:40Z
  DOI: 10.1177/11772719241256496
  Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
Are We Using Ezetimibe As Much As We Should'
- Authors: Antonis A Manolis, Theodora A Manolis, Dimitri P Mikhailidis, Antonis S Manolis
  Abstract: Biomarker Insights, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
  Lipid-lowering therapies, particularly non-statin regimens, are underutilized as ~2/3 of patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) are not optimally managed, and do not attain target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations, despite statin treatment. Statins have been the mainstay of hypolipidemic therapies; however, they are plagued by adverse effects, which have partly hindered their more widespread use. Ezetimibe is often the first added mode of treatment to attain LDL-C goals as it is efficacious and also allows the use of a smaller dose of statin, while the need for more expensive therapies is obviated. We herein provide a comprehensive review of the effects of ezetimibe in lipid lowering and reducing CV events and improving outcomes. Of the hypolipidemic therapies, oral ezetimibe, in contrast to newer agents, is the most convenient and/or affordable regimen to be utilized as mono- or combined therapy supported by data from CV outcomes studies attesting to its efficacy in reducing CVD risk and events. When combined with a statin, the statin dose could be lower, thus curtailing side-effects, while the hypolipidemic effect is enhanced (by ~20%) as the percentage of patients with target level LDL-C (
  Citation: Biomarker Insights
  PubDate: 2024-05-31T12:39:26Z
  DOI: 10.1177/11772719241257410
  Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
The Evolving Landscape of Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Blockade in
Genitourinary Cancers
- Authors: Seema Mustafa, Caroline S Jansen, Yash Jani, Sean Evans, Tony Z Zhuang, Jacqueline Brown, Bassel Nazha, Viraj Master, Mehmet Asim Bilen
  Abstract: Biomarker Insights, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
  In the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have been approved for treatment of genitourinary malignancies and have revolutionized the treatment landscape of these tumors. However, despite the remarkable success of these therapies in some GU malignancies, many patients’ tumors do not respond to these therapies, and others may experience significant side effects, such as immune-related adverse events (iRAEs). Accordingly, biomarkers and improved prognostic tools are critically needed to help predict which patients will respond to ICI, predict and mitigate risk of developing immune-related adverse events, and inform personalized choice of therapy for each patient. Ongoing clinical and preclinical studies continue to provide an increasingly robust understanding of the mechanisms of the response to immunotherapy, which continue to inform biomarker development and validation. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of biomarkers of the response to immunotherapy in GU tumors and their role in selection of therapy and disease monitoring.
  Citation: Biomarker Insights
  PubDate: 2024-05-31T01:08:26Z
  DOI: 10.1177/11772719241254179
  Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
Comparative Analysis of Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes Patients With and
Without Comorbidities: Insights Into the Role of Hypertension and
Cardiovascular Disease
- Authors: Symeon Savvopoulos, Haralampos Hatzikirou, Herbert F Jelinek
  Abstract: Biomarker Insights, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
  Background:Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are 90% of diabetes cases, and its prevalence and incidence, including comorbidities, are rising worldwide. Clinically, diabetes and associated comorbidities are identified by biochemical and physical characteristics including glycemia, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and tests for cardiovascular, eye and kidney disease.Objectives:Diabetes may have a common etiology based on inflammation and oxidative stress that may provide additional information about disease progression and treatment options. Thus, identifying high-risk individuals can delay or prevent diabetes and its complications.Design:In patients with or without hypertension and cardiovascular disease, as part of progression from no diabetes to T2DM, this research studied the changes in biomarkers between control and prediabetes, prediabetes to T2DM, and control to T2DM, and classified patients based on first-attendance data. Control patients and patients with hypertension, cardiovascular, and with both hypertension and cardiovascular diseases are 156, 148, 61, and 216, respectively.Methods:Linear discriminant analysis is used for classification method and feature importance, This study examined the relationship between Humanin and mitochondrial protein (MOTSc), mitochondrial peptides associated with oxidative stress, diabetes progression, and associated complications.Results:MOTSc, reduced glutathione and glutathione disulfide ratio (GSH/GSSG), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and 8-isoprostane were significant (P
  Citation: Biomarker Insights
  PubDate: 2024-05-04T07:20:05Z
  DOI: 10.1177/11772719231222111
  Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
Evaluating the Role of Methylated Circulating Tumor DNA in Combination
With Pathological Prognostic Factors for Predicting Recurrence of
Colorectal Cancer
- Authors: Hiba Al Naji, Jean M Winter, Susanne K Pedersen, Amitesh Roy, Susan E Byrne, Graeme P Young, Erin L Symonds
  Abstract: Biomarker Insights, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
  Background:Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a high rate of recurrence, in particular for advanced disease, but prognosis based on staging and pathology at surgery can have limited efficacy. The presence of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) at diagnosis could be used to improve the prediction for disease recurrence.Objectives:To assess the impact of detecting methylated BCAT1/IKZF1 ctDNA at diagnosis in combination with demographic, lifestyle, clinical factors and tumor pathology, to assess predictive value for recurrence.Design:A retrospective cohort study.Methods:The cohort included 180 patients (36 with recurrent CRC), who had undergone complete treatment and surveillance for a minimum of 3 years. Participant clinical details and ctDNA methylated BCAT1/IKZF1 results were compared between those with and without recurrence, and cox regression analysis assessed each factor on disease-free survival.Results:Clinical factors independently associated with reduced disease-free survival included nodal involvement (HR = 3.83, 95% CI 1.56-9.43, P = .003), M1 stage (HR = 4.41, 95% CI 1.18-16.45, P = .027), a resection margin less than 2 mm (HR = 4.60, 95% CI 1.19-17.76, P = .027), perineural involvement (HR = 2.50, 95% CI 1.01-6.17, P = .047) and distal tumors (HR = 3.13, 95% CI 1.07-9.18, P = .037). Methylated BCAT1/IKZF1 was detected in 51.7% (93/180) of pre-treatment plasma samples. When a positive ctDNA finding was considered in combination with these clinical prognostic factors, there was improved predictive power of recurrence for patients with perineural involvement (HR = 4.44, 95% CI 1.92-10.26, P
  Citation: Biomarker Insights
  PubDate: 2024-02-28T10:37:26Z
  DOI: 10.1177/11772719241232870
  Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
mRNA Expression and Methylation of the RAD51, ATM, ATR, BRCA1, and BRCA2
Genes in Gastric Adenocarcinoma
- Authors: Joel Del Bel Pádua, Carolline Fontes Alves Mariano, Alexandre Todorovic Fabro, Fermino Sanches Lizarte Neto, Rogério Lenotti Zuliani, Cláudia Tarcila Gomes Sares, José Sebastião dos Santos, Ajith Kumar Sankarankutty, Daniela Pretti da Cunha Tirapelli, Vanessa da Silva Silveira, Greice Andreotti de Molfetta, Wilson Araújo da Silva Júnior, Mariângela Ottoboni Brunaldi
  Abstract: Biomarker Insights, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
  Background:Immunohistochemical prognostic significance of the homologous recombination-related proteins RAD51, ATM, BRCA1, and BRCA2 is known in gastric adenocarcinoma, one of the deadliest cancers.Objective and design:This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate mRNA expression and promoter methylation of some homologous recombination-related genes in this neoplasm.Methods:We evaluated mRNA expression and methylation of RAD51, ATM, ATR, BRCA1, and BRCA2 in tumor and non-tumor frozen samples from gastrectomy specimens by RT-qPCR and MS-HRM, correlating our results with previous immunohistochemistry data and prognostic features.Results:RAD51, ATR, BRCA1, BRCA2, and ATM mRNA expression was detected in 93.75% (45/48), 93.75% (45/48), 91.67% (44/48), 83.33% (40/48), and 89.58% (43/48) of the tumors; partial or complete methylation, in 94.87% (37/39), 0 (0/42), 97.56% (40/41), 100% (41/41), and 0 (0/40), respectively. Most gene pairs showed significant weak to moderate positive correlations of tumoral mRNA expression with each other: RAD51 with ATR (P = .027), BRCA1 (P
  Citation: Biomarker Insights
  PubDate: 2024-01-30T03:15:52Z
  DOI: 10.1177/11772719231225206
  Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)
Prognostic Value of Neutrophils-to-Lymphocytes Ratio and
Platelets-to-Lymphocytes Ratio in Sepsis Patients With Lymphopenia
- Authors: Xianming Qiu, Quanzhen Wang, Yuke Zhang, Qiannan Zhao, Zhiming Jiang, Lei Zhou
  Abstract: Biomarker Insights, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2024.
  Background:Inflammation plays a critical role in sepsis. The integration of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelets-to-lymphocytes ratio (PLR) from multiple cell types offers a novel approach to rapidly assess inflammation status. However, the predictive role of NLR and PLR in sepsis with lymphopenia remains uncertain.Objectives:The purpose of this study was to explore the prognostic value of NLR and PLR in sepsis patients with lymphopenia.Design and methods:In this observational retrospective study, we included 172 sepsis patients with lymphopenia and collected clinical characteristics for analysis. Through binary logistic regression analysis, we identified independent factors. Receiver-operating characteristic curves (ROC) and areas under the curves (AUC) were employed to assess the ability to predict hospital mortality risk.Results:Our results showed a total hospital mortality rate of 53.49%. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that NLR (OR = 1.11, P
  Citation: Biomarker Insights
  PubDate: 2024-01-05T06:35:56Z
  DOI: 10.1177/11772719231223156
  Issue No: Vol. 19 (2024)

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