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Biologia
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.299  Citation Impact (citeScore): 1 Number of Followers: 1  Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)ISSN (Print) 1336-9563 - ISSN (Online) 0006-3088 Published by Springer-Verlag  [2467 journals]
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- The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis alleviating long-term salt stress
through the modulation of nutrient elements, osmolytes, and antioxidant
capacity in rosemary-
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Abstract: Salinity is considered as one of the most destructive abiotic stresses for plants, and its prevalence is growing globally. This study assayed the impacts of single inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis (Ri) or Funneliformis mosseae (Fm), and co-inoculation of Ri and Fm, on rosemary plants exposed to long-term salinity stress [0, 50, 100, 150 mM NaCl] with three replications under controlled conditions of greenhouse. The results exhibited that Ri and Ri + Fm differentially colonized the roots of rosemary plants under moderate NaCl stress (50 and 100 mM) compared to Fm. Under non-saline conditions, AMF symbiosis increased plant growth, promoted biomass and chlorophyll contents, and improved the nutrient uptake and antioxidant capacity of the host plant. However, long-term salinity stress, even at a low level (50 mM), adversely affected the growth parameters of rosemary plants. Furthermore, AMF inoculation improved plant growth and alleviated ion toxicity under NaCl stress. Plants inoculated with single and consortia AMF species had high values of photosynthetic pigments, Fv/Fm index (0.80 for Fm + Ri), proline content (4.69 µM.g−1 FW for Fm), total phenolic content (58.38 mg GA.g−1 DW for Ri), K (9.46 mg.g−1 DW for Ri), P, and K: Na ratio (0.88 for Ri), but had low values of electrolyte leakage (42.34% for Ri), Na+ concentration in the shoot (11.56 mg.g−1 DW for Ri), and malondialehyde content (3.62 µM.g−1 FW for Fm) under high salinity levels, as compared to non-inoculated plants. Further, shoot fresh weight, root length, and Zn content in Fm inoculated plants under NaCl stress were higher compared to non-inoculated plants. Specifically, the results of this study suggest that the utilization of consortia AMF species does not necessarily lead to better capacity to compensate for hazardous effects of salinity compared to single species. Finally, this study indicated that arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis could improve the growth, ion homeostasis, osmoregulation, and reactive oxygen species scavenging capabilities of rosemary plants under salinity stress. Graphical
PubDate: 2023-04-01
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- Investigation of antibacterial activity and mechanism of T. spicata
essential oil, and activation of the hydrosol formed as a by-product with
UV-
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Abstract: Abstract In this study, antibacterial activity of the essential oil (EO) and the hydrosol (HY) of Thymbra spicata L. were tested on K. pneumoniae and S. aureus. Since antimicrobial agent resistance is an important problem in infectious diseases, it was discussed the DRA (Dehydrogenase Relative Activity), DNA, and protein leakage during the inhibition period of bacteria exposed the EO. In addition, the effect of hydrosol interacted with UV on bacteria inoculated to artificial skin surface was studied. The main compounds of T. spicata EO were found as carvacrol (60.65%), γ-terpinene (23.03%), p-cymene (5.05%) by GC/MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) analysis while HY’s main components were detected as carvacrol (91.23%) and thymol (5.43%). No antimicrobial effect of the hydrosol alone was observed for S. aureus and K. pneumoniae in this study. Inactivation of the bacteria by UV-activated hydrosol was performed on 1cm2-lab skin surface. The 0.02 CFU/cm2 and 0.07 CFU/cm2 log reductions were observed in K. pneumoniae at 5 and 15 minutes, respectively, while 0.6 CFU/cm2 and 1.2 CFU/cm2 log reductions were observed in S. aureus at 5 and 15 minutes, respectively, on the lab skin. The inhibition zones (IZ) of the EO were 34.32 mm and 10.02 mm for K. pneumoniae and for S. aureus, respectively. After treatment by T. spicata EO at MIC, the increase in the water-soluble proteins of bacteria exposed to the EO was between 0.57% and 0.6% for K. pneumoniae, 0.01% and 0.3% for S. aureus within 15 min. In S. aureus supernatant, DRA was between 67.32% and 66.4% within 15 min, while DRA dropped to 21% from 28.1% in K. pneumonia treated with the EO. The increase in DNA leakage of the bacteria exposed to the EO was 0.09%-0.12% for K. pneumoniae, 0.08%-0.1% for S. aureus within 15 min. The findings may have provided a broader perspective on working mechanisms of antibacterials and directed the industrial use of UV-activated hydrosol to become widespread.
PubDate: 2023-04-01
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- Antioxidant and molecular response of mutant and native rice (Oryza sativa
L.) varieties grown under salt stress-
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Abstract: Abstract This study was carried out in a tissue culture medium using two salt stress-tolerant varieties (Oryza sativa L. cv. Dhan47 and Kızıltan mutant8) and two stress resistance varieties (Oryza sativa L. cv. Maraş Yellow Rice and Kızıltan) at 50 mM, 100 mM and 200 mM NaCl concentrations in two different periods (fifteen and thirty days). In this study, we analysed root and stem length, antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expressions. Among the varieties, the highest size was observed in the maraş variety, and the least length was observed in the dhan47 rice varieties in the 30-day stem length results. While there was no adverse effect on root lengths as much as 100 mm, it was observed that it had a negative impact on a 200 mM medium. In the 30-day results, it was observed that the SOD activity in the leaves of the Kızıltan variety decreased compared to the control, while it was observed that the activity increased up to 100 mM salt concentration in the roots. It was determined that CAT activity increased in leaves and roots at all concentrations compared to the control at increasing salt concentrations over a 15-day period. At the same time, it was observed that CAT activity was the highest at 100 mM salt concentration on the leaves of dhan 47 plant. In the 30-day results, it was observed that FDH activity increased in leaves and roots in all rice varieties compared to the control. In gene expression analyses, the highest (7 times) gene expression in roots was observed on Kızıltan100 mM salt concentration. The highest relative expression (14 times) in leaves was on the Kiziltan mutant leaf at 200 mM salt concentration. The results showed different responses in physiological effects, antioxidant activities and gene expression analyses as salt concentrations of all rice varieties. With the results obtained in this study, it is expected that different rice varieties that are sensitive and resistant to salt stress will contribute to the usability of agricultural lands where salinity is gradually increasing.
PubDate: 2023-04-01
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- Effect of zinc nanoparticles on the growth and biofortification capability
of mungbean (Vigna radiata) seedlings-
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Abstract: Abstract Zinc insufficiency is a nutritional trouble worldwide, especially in developing countries. In the current study, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementation of MS media culture with different concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 ppm) on growth, nutrient uptake, and some physiological parameters of 7-days-old mung bean seedlings. ZnO NPs enhanced the Zn concentration of mung bean from 106.41 in control to more than 4600 µg/g dry weight in 80 and 160 ppm ZnO NPs treated seedlings. Our results showed that ZnO NPs in the concentration range from 10 to 20 ppm had a positive influence on growth parameters and photosynthetic pigments. Higher levels of ZnO NPs negatively affected seedling’s growth by triggering oxidative stress which in turn caused enhancing antioxidative response in seedlings including polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity as well as phenolic compounds and anthocyanine contents. Considering the positive effects of ZnO NPs treatment on mungbean seedlings growth, micronutrents, protein and shoot phenolics content, 20 ppm is recommended as the optimal concentration for biofortification. Our findings confirm the capability of ZnO NPs in the remarkable increase of Zn content of mungbean seedlings which can be an efficient way for plant biofortification and dealing with environmental stress.
PubDate: 2023-04-01
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- PopW improves salt stress tolerance of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)
via activating phytohormones and salinity related genes-
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Abstract: Abstract Red clover, a perennial forage legume, is globally significant because of its high nutritional value and nitrogen fixation capacity. However, one of the disadvantages of red clover is its sensitivity to salinity conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the PopW pre-treatment on physiological and molecular responses of red clover under salinity stress conditions. Different salinity levels (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 mM NaCl) were applied to the red clover plants. The results indicated that the PopW pre-treated plants had lower yield/quality losses, and better physiological state than the non-pretreated ones under salinity stress. The PopW pre-treatment enabled to maintain K, Na, and Ca contents in red clover plants under all salinity stress levels, compared to non-pretreated ones (p < 0.01). Moreover, after salinity stress treatment, the increased levels of GR, SOD, crude protein rate, IAA, GA, ABA, JA, stress-related genes and decreased levels of leaf senescence genes were determined in the PopW pre-treated plants, compared to non-pretreated ones (p < 0.01). The findings indicate that endogenous hormone content changes and modulation of stress-related and leaf senescence genes played significant preventive roles against salt stress conditions in the PopW pre-treated red clover plants. The results of this study suggest that the PopW pre-treatment could be utilized for marginal areas having salinity problems in red clover.
PubDate: 2023-04-01
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- Biovolume of Naidinae and Pristininae (Clitellata: Oligochaeta) in
neotropical environments-
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Abstract: Abstract Mass or volume estimators using body surface areas can be useful for environmental quality biomonitoring programs. We propose models of biovolume estimate through biometric information of Aulophorus, Dero, Nais and Pristina. The samples were collected in 51 freshwater systems in the state of São Paulo, between 2004 and 2016. Specific dimensions for each genus of 1,814 total animals were measured and individual biovolume was calculated. The conversion model was performed by linear regression analysis between the biovolume and the specific dimensions, then transformed into a power function, established by allometric law. The biovolume of Aulophorus and Dero can be estimated by the diameter of segment four (DIV), by the equation Be = 0.775DIV4.387 (adjusted r2 = 0.84). For Nais species, the biovolume can be estimated by the diameter of segment seven (DVII), by the equation Be = 0.913DVII1.6 (adjusted r2 = 0.59). For Pristina, the biovolume can be estimate by the diameter of segment eight (DVIII), by the equation Be = 0.875DVIII2.11 (adjusted r2 = 0.69). The application of these models can help us better understand population structure, secondary production and flow of matter and energy in neotropical environments.
PubDate: 2023-04-01
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- Probiotic properties and safety aspect of three antifungal lactic acid
bacteria strains isolated from wheat and camel milk-
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Abstract: Abstract Demand for probiotics has increased significantly in recent years due to the growing consumer awareness of their benefits and advantages. In this study, we investigated the probiotic potential use of three antifungal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains namely Lactiplantibacillus pentosus 22B, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 21B and Enterococcus faecium LC2V5 isolated from wheat and camel milk. A series of in vitro probiotic tests were performed to evaluate their functional and safety properties. Results indicated that consumption of these three strains does not present any health risk, as they showed no undesirable virulence factors (hemolysins and DNAse) or transmissible antibiotic resistance. All strains exhibited high tolerance to simulated oro-gastro-intestinal tract conditions since the number of viable cells was 109 CFU/mL after exposure to these digestive stress environments. Evaluation of cell surface characteristics revealed that the three strains showed high degrees of auto-aggregation, hydrophobicity and co-aggregation with pathogens. Moreover, the strains demonstrated strong antagonistic activity against all tested pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Furthermore, they were able to produce exopolysaccharides and ferment lactose. The studied strains showed also antioxidant activity by scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. In conclusion, the probiotic features demonstrated by the studied LAB strains suggest their suitability for potential use as probiotics.
PubDate: 2023-04-01
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- Distribution and ecology of Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Horkel ex Wimm. In the
lowland part of Lower Silesia (Poland)-
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Abstract: Abstract Genus Wolfia Horkel ex Schleiden (Araceae, former Lemnaceae) includes 11 species that are the smallest of known flowering plants. The genus is widespread in the world. In Europe, the only native species is Wolffia arrhiza. In Poland, it is considered to be relatively rare and until the end of the 20th century it was known from small number of populations dispersed throughout the country Poland. Our research focused on Lower Silesia population of Wolffia arrhiza. The study included the verification of historical sites of this species known from the literature and an inventory of the contemporary occurrence. It also aimed to explain the pattern of W. arrhiza occurrence in selected habitats and determine the ecological conditions and phytocoenoses of the reservoirs it inhabits. The research of the species showed extinction of historical sites and the current presence in 12 water reservoirs of different origin, size, depth and management method. The share of W. arrhiza in phytocoenosis patches in the individual reservoirs is very diverse and ranges from 15 to 80%. Presented data supplement the information on the occurrence of W. arrhiza in western Poland as well as provide new information on its biology and ecology.
PubDate: 2023-04-01
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- DHA attenuates CAR-T cell efficacy through aggravating exhaustion and
inducing apoptosis-
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Abstract: Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cell (CAR-T) therapy is a newly developed adoptive treatment for cancer in recent years that has shown potential for curative therapeutic efficacy in patients with hematological malignancies. However, the efficacy against solid tumors was very limited, the reasons are complex and have not been fully understood. In this study, CAR-T cells with 4-1BB or CD28 co-stimulatory molecules targeting carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) in the presence of 0, 10, 50, and 100 µM Docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6, DHA) has been used to treat renal cancer cells to illustrate the anti-tumor efficacy to solid tumor cells. The cytotoxicity of CAIX-CAR-T cells against cancer cells in the presence of DHA was determined by real-time cell assay (RTCA). Cytokines released by CAR-T cells were analyzed by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CAR-T cell apoptosis and exhaustion induced by DHA were determined by flow cytometry. Furthermore, signaling molecules involved in cell apoptosis and exhaustion were examined by Western blot analysis. This study showed that both 4-1BB and CD28-derived CAIX-CAR-T cells displayed efficient anti-tumor ability against renal carcinoma OSRC-2 cells. DHA attenuated cytotoxicity of CAR-T cells by inducing cell apoptosis and exhaustion in an opposite regulatory manner of AKT/PKB (protein kinase B) activation, which may provide a strategy to ameliorate CAR-T efficacy against solid tumors.
PubDate: 2023-04-01
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- Timmiella goaense gen. n., sp. n. (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Belondiroidea)
from Western Ghats of India-
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Abstract: Abstract Timmiella goaense gen. n., sp. n. closely related to genera Swangeria Thorne, 1939, Qudsiella Jairajpuri, 1967 and Timmus Goseco, Ferris and Ferris, 1976 is described and illustrated based on specimens collected from Western Ghats of India. The new genus is characterized by its broadly rounded, continuous lip region; odontostyle short, delicate with indistinct lumen and aperture; guiding ring thick belt-like, conspicuous; anterior part of pharynx slender, a narrow tube; expanded part of pharynx fusiform, enclosed by sinistrally spiral muscular sheath; cardia isthmus-like (spatulate) with intestine attached to its posterior end; female genital system amphidelphic; vulva transverse; male with dorylaimoid spicules; tail long filiform, similar in both sexes.
PubDate: 2023-04-01
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- Biological assessment of Demirci Stream in Gediz River Basin (West
Anatolia of Turkey) and comparative performance of benthic
macroinvertebrate-based metrics-
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Abstract: Abstract Conserving freshwaters in West Anatolia requires biomonitoring tools to assess the ecological status of surface water bodies threatened by anthropogenic pollution. This study was carried out to determine water quality of Demirci Stream based on biotic indices. In this seasonal study, a total of seven sampling stations were determined. Asterics software was used to determine biotic and diversity index scores. Pearson’s based correlations were applied in order to determine the proper biotic indices. Relationships between macrobenthic orders and physicochemical variables were revealed by Redundancy Analysis (RDA). Eleven taxonomic groups were found in Demirci Stream consisting of Hygrophlia, Arhynchobdellida, Isopoda, Tubificida, Amphipoda, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera and Hemiptera. As a result of this research, the sampling pints 1, 2, 3 and 4 were of good water quality class while sampling points 5, 6 and 7 were polluted. Arhynchobdellida, Tubificida and Diptera orders showed positive correlations with BOI5, EC, Cl−, TDS, ToC, NH4-N, NO2-N and NO3-N variables, while negatively correlated with DO, Sat-O2 and pH. SI, BMWP, ASPT and BBI were more proper than the FBI index to determine the water quality of Demirci Stream.
PubDate: 2023-04-01
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- Evaluation of Thar Desert bacterial lipases for catalytic efficiencies and
biodiesel production potentials-
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Abstract: Abstract The present work describes the screening of thermotolerant bacteria isolated from Thar Desert environmental samples for lipase activity and their catalytic efficiencies, such as tolerance to extreme pHs, temperatures, and organic solvents, and efficiency to synthesize biodiesel from waste cooking oils. The selected lipases were thermos-alkaliphilic in nature showing good activity at higher temperatures and in the alkaline pH range with optimal activity at 45 °C and pH 8 or 9. The lipases efficiently converted oils to biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester), giving up to 78% conversion under specific reaction conditions. The enzyme (lipase) mediated biodiesel production will soon offer an eco-friendly and sustainable energy source for automobiles and industrial applications. The thermos-alkaliphilic properties of these lipases along with their efficiency to produce fatty acid methyl ester from waste cooking oil and methanol as well as other prospective applications, make them potential candidates for biodiesel production and other prospective applications such as the synthesis of flavor and fragrance esters and remediation of various environmental pollutants.
PubDate: 2023-04-01
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- Effectiveness of five different solutions for preserving aquatic insects
commonly used in morphological and stream ecology studies-
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Abstract: Abstract Sample fixation and preservation are crucial steps for biological research. This is especially true for resolving ecological changes across various spatial and temporal scales based on sediment and/or macrozoobenthos samples, recognized to be efficient indicators of habitat quality and ecosystem health in aquatic environments. Thus, it is very important to find a convenient method for long-term sample storage. In this study, we compared effectiveness of five different solutions (glyoxal, 3.6% formaldehyde, NBF, 70% ethanol, 99% ethanol) for the preservation of macroinvertebrate taxa commonly found in stream habitats (i.e. families of aquatic insects, Chironomidae, Baetidae, Ephemeridae, Heptageniidae), with the aim to find a new “gold standard” fixative that could replace formalin, recognized to have significantly adverse health effects if exposed to it. To estimate the effectiveness of these solutions on all macrozoobenthos samples/taxa, color contrast and tissue preservation within hematoxylin and eosin stained slides were assessed as well as the preservation of body parts and tissues of collected specimens. Our results show that different preservatives/fixatives yield different effects on the tissue preservation of different organisms. None of the tested preservation liquids prove to be unique formalin successor that could serve as a new “gold standard” for preserving macroinvertebrate taxa commonly found in morphological and stream ecology studies. The efficiency of different solutions in preserving macroinvertebrate tissue integrity depends on the chemical properties and concentrations of the solutions for sample storage, tissue type as well as on the dimensions and structure (e.g., the extent of chitin coverage) of the studied organisms.
PubDate: 2023-04-01
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- The diamondback moth in Tunisia: risk analysis, and influence of biotic
and meteorological parameters on its population dynamics-
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Abstract: Abstract The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella is a serious pest of crucifers causing enormous damages on different crops of Brassica genus. The present study evaluated the impact of meteorological parameters on the population dynamics of P. xylostella. During 2018, four sites in four different regions of Tunisia served for the study and two other different sites in 2019. Obtained results showed a variation in population dynamics of P. xylostella between different investigated sites and during both years. Appearance of the larvae in 2018 was registered in March and since February 2019. Most important peaks of larvae and pupae population were recorded during April and May. Results showed a correlation between meteorological parameters and pest occurrence, especially temperature where correlations were positive. Degree-Day Growth (DDG) analysis was demonstrated according to lower threshold of temperature of the pest. It was situated between 5.5 and 13 °C during March in 2018 and it started from 4.7 °C in February in 2019. Correlations and DDG determination permitted to identify critical periods of the pest outbreak for future management. Infestation rates were noted from first dates of appearance of the pest between March and April during 2018 and since February in 2019 reaching 90 to 100% by the end of observations. Parasitism of P. xylostella larvae and pupae reached high values (ranking between 70 and 100%) during April and May. The population dynamics of P. xylostella is characterized by seasonal changes in abundance caused by differences in meteorological parameters that could make its management and monitoring difficult.
PubDate: 2023-04-01
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- Complete mitogenome of common myna (Acridotheres tristis) –
characterization and phylogenetic implications-
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Abstract: Abstract Common myna (Acridotheres tristis) is a member of the Sturnidae family with widespread natural and introduced habitat range across many continents. Acridotheres tristis population thrives in close association with human settlements and agricultural fields making it one of the most invasive bird species worldwide. For better management and conservation of A. tristis species, genetic information collected from various locations throughout its habitat range is necessary. Hence, we sequenced A. tristis mitogenome (NCBI accession no. OK542103) using NGS tools and characterized 37 genes (including the Protein Coding Genes, tRNA and rRNA) in the newly sequenced mitogenome. Codon usage analysis of selected mitogenomes investigated in this study revealed the third position of codons were mostly predominated by cytosine (C3) followed by adenine (A3). From the dN/dS analysis the strongest purifying selection was observed on nad4l (0.04 units) and the lowest on nad4 (0.34 units). The mitochondrial control region (CR) displayed identical ancestral avian CR gene order. Topology inferred from the concatenated mitogenome PCGs based phylogeny provided evidence for the clustering of Mimidae species within the Sturnidae family. Acridotheres as a genus is closely related to Sturnus cineraceus and Sturnus sericeus. The complete mitogenome of A. tristis sequenced in this study along with a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of selected Sturnidae mitogenomes provides invaluable insights and genetic resources for designing future studies on A. tristis species with conservation and management implications.
PubDate: 2023-04-01
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- Macroinvertebrate metric indicators should be juxtaposed with the
community conservation index as ecological tools for conservation
evaluation of pristine freshwater ecosystems-
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Abstract: Abstract The ecological significance of freshwater ecosystems for conservation in the temperate zone has been determined by aquatic biologists using a variety of ecological techniques. One such tool is the Community Conservation Index (CCI), which was primarily developed in Britain but is also recommended for international use. The current study intends to further test the CCI’s applicability and its sensitivity in identifying freshwater systems of high conservation importance. The pristine condition of three natural monument (Arinta, Ekor, and Oowu waterfalls) streams was evaluated in this study using the macroinvertebrate metric indicators, and the results were compared with their CCIs. The relative compositions of stress-sensitive species, facultative species, functional feeding guilds (FFGs), and modes of locomotion or microhabitat preference (ML/MP) were selected as the macroinvertebrate metrics. The fauna was dominated by the taxonomic group EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera), with the highest EPT-related metrics found at Oowu Waterfalls. Ironically, because a vulnerable species (i.e. Pentaphlebia stahli) is present there, the Ekor Waterfalls, which had the lowest values for the EPT-related metrics, had the highest CCI. Although both the CCI (>20) and macroinvertebrate metrics suggest that the three sites had high conservation value, the CCI proved to be more goal-oriented in determining the conservation value of pristine freshwater ecosystems. In light of the findings of this study, it is recommended that the CCI be utilized in conjunction with macroinvertebrate metric indicators for studies of a similar nature, particularly in Afrotropics’ protected and pristine sites that are a potential refuge for rare and threatened species.
PubDate: 2023-04-01
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- PIIN_05330 transgenic Arabidopsis plants enhanced drought-stress tolerance
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Abstract: Abstract Serendipita indica is a root endophytic fungus and can symbiose with many plant species. Effector proteins secreted by fungi show many functions during symbiosis or infection. To investigate the role of the protein PIIN 05330 secreted by S. indica, the gene PIIN_05330 was cloned and its transgenic Arabidopsis lines were constructed. The transgenic lines were evaluated for their drought tolerance. The results showed that these transgenic Arabidopsis lines were sensitive to drought stress during the germination stage. Compared with Arabidopsis wild type (WT) and the empty vector (VT) lines seedlings, the transgenic lines had higher total root surface area, root diameters, total root volumes, relative root elongation rates, total root length, and root tip numbers. In addition, the transgenic lines showed higher aboveground biomass and chlorophyll levels. Compared with WT and VT lines, activities of SOD, POD and CAT increased in the transgenic Arabidopsis lines under drought condition, especially their CAT activities. Under drought stress, levels of AsA and GSH in the transgenic lines were higher than those in control WT and VT, and concentrations of H2O2 and MDA were significantly lower than those in control WT and VT. Under drought stress, proline concentrations increased, and total concentrations of soluble sugars and proteins significantly increased in transgenic lines, compared with control WT and VT, indicating that the transgenic lines had a higher ability to reduce plant damage and protect plant cell membrane system. All these results suggest that the effector protein PIIN_05330 improved drought tolerance of the transgenic Arabidopsis lines.
PubDate: 2023-04-01
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- CaO nanoparticle enhances the seedling growth of Onobrycis viciifolia
under drought stress via mannitol use-
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Abstract: Abstract Nanoparticles (NPs) of CaO (Ca2+) are significant components that act as signal transductors in plants' adaptive and developmental processes. The responses of two different landrace varieties (Uzuntekne and Barış) of Onobrychis viciifolia to the mannitol stress of CaO NPs were investigated in this study. Their response to various morphological and physiological processes under in vitro conditions was analyzed in this study. Two Onobrychis viciifolia cultivars were used in the presence of 50 and 150 mM of mannitol, including 0.5 ppm and 1.5 ppm Ca2+ nanoparticles. The effects of CaO NPs were induced by mannitol which, root, stem, leaf development, MDA, H2O2, chlorophyll content, gene expression, and SEM images were determined for the in vitro seedlings. CaO remarkably increased the activation of growth parameters in two tested cultivars. Synergistic treatments of NPs affected the seedlings more than the sole treatments. In terms of MDA, H2O2, and chlorophyll content, it was found that the Ca2+ NPs treatment was significant, and it exhibited a high level related to the resistance degrees of cultivars. The chlorophyll content demonstrated a reducing trend in response to increasing concentrations of mannitol. However, there were significant differences between the control group samples and the CaO mannitol treatment samples in response to H2O2 and MDA. The gene expression analysis revealed that MtdDehyd and MtRD2 genes were expressed at various degrees in the seedlings of two Onobyrchis cultivars subjected to drought treatments. Improving resistance to drought stress in tested cultivars can be regulated by expressing MtdDehyd and MtRD2 genes in vitro conditions. SEM images in stomatal structures of cells were easily changed in the mannitol treatment samples in the presence of CaO, and a different stress severity level was detected in their control treatments.
PubDate: 2023-04-01
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- Biosynthesis and characterization of yellow pigment from Aspergillus
nidulans strain JAS3 isolated from Thirumullavaram, Indian Ocean and its
therapeutic activity against clinical pathogens-
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Abstract: Abstract Fungi have emerged as a key source of natural products, despite the prevalence of various other microbial phyla in the marine ecosystem. They are increasingly being used for pigment production. The current study was performed to screen for a potential pigmented fungal strain isolated from Thirumullavaram, Kollam, Indian Ocean, followed by its extraction, characterization and antagonistic activity against clinical pathogens. Strain JAS3 was found to produce pale-yellow color pigment (UA 11.5 ± 0.5 g/L) when subjected to submerged fermentation in the optimized Czapek Dox medium at 28 ± 2 °C. Pigment extraction was performed using liquid–liquid separation with methanol as the solvent. Lambda max for the pigment was read at 430 nm. Biological and chemical characterization performed using thin layer chromatography, UV–Visible spectrophotometry, Fourier Transfer Infrared, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, confirmed the presence of many bioactive compounds responsible for the therapeutic activity of the pigment. Yeast cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity tests were performed to evaluate pigments' toxicity. Furthermore, the potential strain was identified and designated as Aspergillus nidulans strain JAS3 (accession no: MZ713409.1) using conventional and molecular techniques. To date, there are no such reports of colored bioactive metabolite extraction, purification and characterization from Aspergillus nidulans from Kollam, Indian Ocean. The colored pigment showed good bioactivity such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproteinase and antifouling activity against various clinical pathogenic strains, thereby proving its therapeutic importance which has not been reported previously. Strain JAS3 can be employed in a variety of pharmaceutical and biotechnology applications as an environmentally safe alternative to synthetic hues.
PubDate: 2023-04-01
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- Melatonin improves salt tolerance of in vitro root culture of alfalfa
(Medicago sativa L.)-
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Abstract: Abstract Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the most cultivated forage plant as a model in legumes. The growth and development of alfalfa root limited by salt stress. Growth regulator is an essential role of melatonin in plants, especially in root involved in stress tolerance. In this study, alfalfa root under in vitro culture was treated with salinity (150 and 200 mM NaCl) as well as different concentrations of melatonin (0.1, 10 and 15 µM). Treated plants by using melatonin increased compatible solutes such as glycine betaine, soluble carbohydrate and K+ under salt stress in alfalfa root. In contrast, melatonin decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2−), malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL) and Na+ content in root treated with salinity. Interestingly, melatonin increased endogenous melatonin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), fresh and dry weight of the alfalfa root. According to our findings, all of the melatonin concentrations had a positive effect as a growth regulator but looking at the overall data 0.1 µM melatonin was the best candidate for increasing salt tolerance and reducing oxidative stress in alfalfa root.
PubDate: 2023-04-01
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