JournalTOCs

Aquatic Ecology
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.656

Citation Impact (citeScore): 2
Number of Followers: 45

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 1573-5125 - ISSN (Online) 1386-2588
Published by Springer-Verlag

[2468 journals]

Local and regional variations in composition and aggregate properties of
fish assemblages in rocky intertidal pools of the Chilean coast
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  Abstract: We assessed compositional and aggregate properties of fish assemblages inhabiting rocky intertidal pools of the coast of central Chile. Its association to sampling regions, localities, tidepool volume or dominant substrate was examined. A total of 1502 individual fish representing 20 species were collected in 49 single-time sampled tidepools from 3 localities at Valparaíso and 5 from the Biobío region. The dissimilarity in composition of the fish assemblages was larger between regions than among localities within regions. The most abundant taxa in Valparaíso were Helcogrammoides chilensis and Scartichthys viridis. In Biobío were Calliclinus geniguttatus, Gobiesox marmoratus, Myxodes viridis and Ophiogobius jenynsi. There were significant and positive but not strong correlations between the volume of tidepools with the total fish number and species richness. There were no significant correlations with dominance, diversity and total fish biomass. Consequently, density in biomass, density in number of fishes, and in number of species decreased similarly and steeply with tidepool volume in Valparaíso and Biobío regions, indicating a strong size effect of tidepool volume in both regions. These results indicate that community composition variability is independent of aggregate community and that a biogeographical compositional transition occurs in this area.
  PubDate: 2025-06-15
Nutrient enrichment in the sediment does not mitigate the shading stress
on Alternanthera philoxeroides in its native habitat
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  Abstract: Alternanthera philoxeroides is an aquatic macrophyte native to South America that colonizes aquatic and humid habitats due to its high phenotypic plasticity. This study evaluated the growth of A. philoxeroides under two shading conditions and nutrient concentrations in its native range in South America. We collected specimens from the upper Paraná River floodplain (Brazil). The propagules (stem fragments) were planted and subjected to four treatments: (i) with nutrient addition and shading; (ii) without nutrient addition and without shading; (iii) with nutrient addition and without shading; (iv) without nutrient addition and with shading. After growing, we measured dry biomass, shoot and root length, and the number of branches. Biomass and relative growth rates were higher in the absence of shade and with the addition of nutrients. The shoots grew more with nutrient addition, while the roots grew more without shading. Branches developed only in the treatment with nutrients and no shading. However, nutrients alone were not sufficient to counteract the negative effect of shading on plant growth. These results indicate that A. philoxeroides thrives and has a greater potential to spread (through branch formation, which serves as an indicator of propagule pressure) in eutrophic and well-lit environments. In contrast, moderate shading significantly reduces plant growth and spread (via branching), even under eutrophic conditions.
  PubDate: 2025-06-10
Taxonomic and functional responses of stream macroinvertebrates across a
gradient of agricultural land use in the Agusan River Basin, Southern
Philippines
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  Abstract: Tropical riverine systems support diverse benthic macroinvertebrate communities that contribute to ecosystem functioning. However, these communities are increasingly vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances, w...
  PubDate: 2025-06-06
Ecosystem type modulates the effects of litter quality and litter identity
on decomposition in a tropical riparian environment
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  Abstract: Riparian plant species produce leaf litter that decomposes in adjacent terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Despite their proximity, these ecosystems differ in decomposer communities, abiotic conditions, and nutrient availability, potentially influencing decomposition rates of common litter differently. We investigated leaf litter decomposition from eight riparian species in a tropical forest and adjacent reservoir, examining the individual and interactive effects of intrinsic (litter species identity and quality) and extrinsic (ecosystem type) factors. We hypothesized that: (i) decomposition would be faster and (ii) more variable in the aquatic ecosystem due to constant water immersion, enhanced microbial activity, and a greater heterogeneity; (iii) species identity effects would be mediated by ecosystem type; and (iv) distinct chemical litter traits would drive decomposition in each ecosystem. Results confirmed significantly higher and more variable decomposition rates in the aquatic ecosystem, likely due to greater leaching of soluble organic matter, continuous water availability, and metabolic characteristics of aquatic decomposers. Ecosystem type interacted with species identity among fast-decomposing species, altering decomposition rates and species rank order between ecosystems. As predicted, different litter chemical traits controlled decomposition in each ecosystem: increasing lignin-to-phosphorus (Lig:P) ratio reduced decomposition in the aquatic ecosystem, while increasing lignin-to-nitrogen (Lig:N) ratio constrained terrestrial decomposition. Lig:P also predicted the Relative Ecosystem Effect, which quantifies how slow litter decomposes in terrestrial relative to aquatic ecosystem. These findings highlight how nutrient imbalances shape decomposition dynamics across adjacent ecosystems and demonstrate that ecosystem type determines the biogeochemical mechanisms controlling decomposition at small spatial scales. Understanding these terrestrial-aquatic links is crucial for predicting carbon and nutrient fluxes in increasingly threatened riparian landscapes.
  PubDate: 2025-06-02
Waterfalls affect stream fish species richness and abundance, but not
species composition or beta diversity in Southern Pantanal
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  Abstract: Local and regional factors at different scales influence fish biodiversity in streams. Similarly, waterfalls can contribute to the distribution of species richness and composition of assemblages. The Upper Paraguay River basin is crucial for conserving various fish species, but few large-scale studies on fish assemblages can be found in the literature. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the hydrological anomalies of waterfalls from two perspectives: their effects on the richness and composition of fish assemblages and their contribution to beta diversity in the Rio Negro basin, the largest tributary of the Paraguay River on its left side. We specifically considered the effects of regional (e.g., sub-basins and altitude) and local factors (e.g., mean flow, water conductivity, water pH, concentration of dissolved oxygen) on these metrics. To do this, we sampled fifty-seven stretches of streams in the headwaters of the Rio Negro basin from May to August 2020 (dry period), using a different sampling method with rectangular sieve, trawl net and electrofishing. The areas below the waterfalls exhibited greater fish richness explained by regional (e.g., altitude) and local (e.g., oxygen concentration and conductivity) factors. Species composition, however, did not differ relative to these factors. The greatest contributions to Local Contribution to Beta Diversity (LCBD) came from sites with the lowest altitude and lowest oxygen concentration. Our results demonstrate the effect of waterfalls on fish assemblages and help to estimate the large-scale effect of local and regional factors on fish species richness and composition in a relatively pristine ecosystem important to the conservation of Neotropical fish species.
  PubDate: 2025-05-30
The South Caspian Sea macroalgal biodiversity: spatial and seasonal
variability in macroalgal blooms
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  Abstract: Macroalgae, as the dominant primary producers, play an important role in the south Caspian Sea in the rocky shore ecosystem food web. Recently, massive macroalgal blooms occur in this region every year. Studying water quality during the bloom is the first step to understanding the conditions that lead to extensive macroalgae growth in this area. Herein, spatio-seasonal distribution and biomass of the macroalgal community including three species Cladophora glomerata, Ulva intestinalis, and Osmundea caspica were investigated in 18 stations throughout the southern Caspian Sea shore line in relation to different environmental factors. In summer and autumn seasons 2021, C. glomerata was dominant species (90.3% and 70.1%, respectively), followed by U. intestinalis (9.7% and 26.5%, respectively). It was a strong variety of biomass along the coast (in 5–7 times) in a range of 30–470 gdw/m2 in summer and nearly as twice as less in autumn, 15–250 gdw/m2, that the same sites exhibit maximum of biomass in both seasons (Ramsar, Dastak, Sisangam, Amir Abad). During the bloom, the daily oxygen fluctuation was measured at Ramsar station, which showed a severe anoxia conditions. The anoxia in the coastal waters negatively affected shallow-water habitats and caused a sharp decline in macroinvertebrate density after C. glomerata decomposition. According to statistical analysis results, water temperature was the most effective factor (in comparison to pH and nutrients) influenced on distribution and biomass of macroalgal community with contribution of 42.01%.
  PubDate: 2025-05-30
Determination of water quality in the Köprüçay river (Antalya-Türkiye)
using various epilithic diatom and water quality indices
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  Abstract: This study, carried out seasonally between October-2019 and July-2020, aimed to determine the water quality using some water and epilithic diatom indices of the Köprüçay River. It is located in the south of Türkiye and used for tourism, irrigation and drinking water. Ammonium nitrogen (NH4–N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3–N), sulfate (SO4−2), bicarbonate (HCO3−), orthophosphate (PO4–P), chloride (Cl−), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), temperature (°C), dissolved oxygen, pH, and electrical conductivity were measured. Water quality was determined according to the Surface Water Quality Regulation (SWQR) and Water Quality Index (WQI). The water quality classes of the stream, based on epilithic diatom assemblages, were determined using the Generic Diatom Index (GDI), Saprobi Index (SI), Trophic Index (TI), Swiss Diatom Index (DI-CH), and Trophic Diatom Index (TDI). According to SWQR, the average values of the parameters at all sites were generally in the class I or II (high quality or lightly polluted water). WQI, was calculated based on seasonal and site and all results were determined as “excellent water”. 117 taxa belonging to 51 genera of epilithic diatoms were observed in the Köprüçay River. According to epilithic diatoms, generally all sites were in the range of very slightly polluted or partially polluted (I and II) water quality classes.
  PubDate: 2025-05-23
Nitrogen and submerged vegetation density drive metaphytic blooms in
shallow lakes: an important hysteresis phase in regime shifts
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  Abstract: Periphyton plays a critical role in the progress of the regime shift between macrophytes and phytoplankton in shallow lakes, since its overgrowth could trigger metaphytic blooms and lead to the collapse of submerged macrophytes. Understanding the mechanisms of metaphytic blooms and the subsequent prediction are important for lake managers to prevent ecological disaster. In this study, a one-year field survey on periphyton was conducted in Lake Ulansuhai to explore the driving factors of metaphytic blooms. The result revealed that the filamentous chlorophyta Mougeotia was identified as the key genus involved in metaphytic blooms. Structural Equation Modeling showed that Mougeotia biomass was positively correlated with total nitrogen, temperature, and submerged vegetation density. While phytoplankton biomass was primarily positively correlated with total phosphorus and temperature. A logistic regression model indicated that when the biomass of Mougeotia reached 1.78 g m−2 (95% CI 1.08–3.03 g m−2), the probability of metaphytic blooms exceeded 50%. These findings suggested that both nitrogen and phosphorus drive the regime shift, and a dual-nutrient-reduction strategy should be implemented during this hysteresis phase. Additionally, the biomass of submerged vegetation and water depth influence Mougeotia biomass. Therefore, controlling submerged vegetation and managing water levels are crucial in-lake strategies for mitigating metaphytic blooms.
  PubDate: 2025-05-16
Effects of rice-fish co-culture models on sediment heavy metals, nutrient
dynamics, and bacterial community structure
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  Abstract: To investigate effects of rice-fish co-culture (RF) models on sediment heavy metals, nutrients, and bacterial communities, a field experiment was conducted with four RF models (varying fish densities and rice varieties), rice monoculture (RM), traditional aquaculture pond (TAP), and lotus-fish co-culture (LFS). The results indicated that the study area had moderate heavy metal pollution risk (mainly Cd). Fish density in RF but not sedimental heavy metal contents significantly influenced sedimental heavy metals release. Low fish density significantly increased sedimental Cd release and facultatively anaerobic bacteria, while reducing As release. TAP exhibited significantly higher sedimental heavy metal contents (Cu, Zn, Cr, As), sedimental release of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As) and nutrients (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia), pathogenic bacteria, and lower bacterial diversity than RF. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that sedimental iron-manganese oxide, pH, and organic matters were key factors affecting the sedimental release of heavy metals, particularly Cd and As. Mantel tests showed that sediment nitrogen, phosphorus, As, and Pb were critical factors shaping bacterial community structures. This study highlights RF can reduce heavy metal pollution risks and improve bacterial communities, making it a green and sustainable farming approach. Optimizing fish densities is crucial for its green development.
  PubDate: 2025-05-12
Assessing the global landscape of microfibre pollution: a systematic
review
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  Abstract: This paper touched on the issue of microfibre as it is gaining worldwide attention within the academic and industrial environment. The study was done using secondary data sourced from the SCOPUS platform and Google Scholar. The study reviewed the concept of microfibre, its sources, effects, and management following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The review brought to light that microfibre is a confusing concept as different practitioners relate to it differently. Also, the common sources of microfibre put forth by various studies include the textile industry, laundering processes, and wastewater treatment plants. However, there are notable differences in emphasis and scope across studies, and there are contrasting perspectives regarding the magnitude and significance of certain sources. While there is a consensus among researchers regarding the detrimental impacts of microfibres on aquatic ecosystems and biota, the specific mechanisms and severity of these effects vary considerably. The studies reviewed agreed on the urgency of addressing microfibre pollution; there is, however, a diversity of perspectives on mitigation strategies reflecting the complex and multifaceted nature of the issue. The study recommended research gaps that have been silent, but are necessary to tackle the problem of microfibre pollution.
  PubDate: 2025-05-10
Joint species distribution modelling of multiple taxonomic groups shows
that water quality explains most of the variation in aquatic community
composition along a lake trophic gradient
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  Abstract: A key component of conservation biology is understanding how community composition responds to environmental conditions, including stressors (e.g., eutrophication). However, this is complicated by the accompanying shifts in taxa co-occurrence due to taxa interactions (e.g., competition, predation). Thus, we need to consider both taxa co-occurrence and abiotic conditions simultaneously to understand the relative influence of these factors on community composition. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the relative role of water quality and taxa co-occurrence in determining phytoplankton, zooplankton, and macroinvertebrate communities in a set of lakes varying in trophic status from oligotrophic to meso-eutrophic. We built joint species distribution models (JSDMs) using a generalized linear latent variable modelling approach to isolate the influence of abiotic variables and taxa co-occurrence for each level of the food web. We found that water quality explained most of the variation in community composition for all groups, especially for zooplankton (78%) and macroinvertebrate (62%) communities. Additionally, total phosphorus was a significant driver of many taxa in these groups. These findings indicate a strong “bottom-up” control of the lower aquatic food web in these lakes and signify an important role of phosphorus across a distinct trophic gradient. Overall, we demonstrate the effectiveness of JSDMs for determining the relative impacts of abiotic variables on community composition which can provide key insights for lake management.
  PubDate: 2025-05-09
Utilizing deep learning to analyze circadian rhythms, color preferences,
and agonistic behaviors among color variants of the freshwater crayfish
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  Abstract: The red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii is widely used as a model organism for studying aquatic ecosystems, with various behavioral assessment methods developed for this purpose. However, up to now, the assessment still lack of improvement, slow, and low throughput. Thus, this study aimed to investigate multiple behaviors of several color variants of this species by using deep learning approach tools with fully automation. In natural and artificial habitats, P. clarkii occurs in multiple color morphs, including white (W), blue (B), and red (R), which are also popular in the aquarium trade. This study optimized multiple deep learning tools: UMATracker, Idtracker.ai, and DeepLabCut to assess innate color preferences, circadian rhythms, and agonistic behaviors respectively in P. clarkii. With this optimized setup, we compared the behaviors of W, B, and R color variant. It displayed that B exhibited more pronounced behaviors compared to the W and R variants. In circadian rhythm activity, the B morph displayed a significantly higher average velocity than other color variants during both day and night cycles. In terms of color preference, no significant differences were found among the R, B, and W variants. Additionally, R, B, and W showed similar agonistic behaviors, displaying aggression in various ways, such as spreading claws and bracing against opponents. By integrating these machine and deep learning tools we can retrieve faster and reliable results.
  PubDate: 2025-04-29
Underwater noise impairs the health of juvenile hybrid sturgeon based on
blood parameters
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  Abstract: Underwater noise is a common form of environmental pollution, but its effects on fish physiology have not been clarified. In this work, the hybrid sturgeon, which has physiological similarities to Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis), was chosen to investigate the effects of noise on sturgeon physiology and predict its potential impact on Chinese sturgeon. The fish were exposed to 145 ± 5 dB noise, which is comparable to the noise levels near the natural habitat of sturgeons, for 48 h, followed by a 48-h noise-free period to allow for recovery. Blood physiological parameters of juvenile sturgeons were measured at 0, 24, 48, and 96 h. After 48 h of noise exposure, significant changes were observed in biochemical markers: alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased significantly, while aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) decreased. Hormonal markers showed marked increases in epinephrine (EPI) and cortisol levels. Metabolic markers also exhibited changes, including significant increases in glucose, uric acid (UA), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Following 48 h of noise removal, EPI, glucose, UA, BUN, and LDH levels remained significantly elevated, with a significant decrease in alanine transaminase (ALT). This study reveals that noise stress can adversely affect the immune functions of hybrid sturgeons and disrupt their hormone secretion. Furthermore, these effects do not reverse within a short period (48 h). By using blood biomarkers, this study provides valuable data for assessing the environmental impact of underwater noise and offers theoretical guidance for sturgeon aquaculture and conservation. Graphical abstract
  PubDate: 2025-04-20
Mitochondrial variation of long-tailed ducks, Clangula hyemalis, breeding
and wintering in Iceland
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  Abstract: One of the characteristic ducks in Lake Mývatn, Iceland, has been the long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis) which was present in large numbers during the early 1900s but declined in numbers during the twentieth century. The long-tailed duck is a circumpolar sea duck, often with longitudinal migratory routes between wintering and breeding sites. In recent decades the species has been in decline throughout its range and it is now classified as vulnerable. In Iceland, the breeding population is 2000–3000 individuals, but the winter population is considerably larger (> 110,000) with wintering birds coming from other areas. To identify the phylogeographic origin of the species in Iceland, for both the breeding and the wintering population, variation in the control region of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was analyzed and compared with samples obtained from across the species range. Two distinct lineages of the control region were found in Iceland, one of which occurred at high frequency in the Icelandic breeding population. The haplotype lineage found in high frequency in the breeding population in Iceland was absent or in low frequencies elsewhere, except in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. The patterns observed in the mitochondria may reflect an overall genetic divergence of the Icelandic breeding population from the other sites studied or alternatively sexual differences in philopatry which may only affect the maternally transmitted markers.
  PubDate: 2025-04-16
Threshold responses of phytoplankton species and morphofunctional groups
to multiple environmental gradients in an Amazon floodplain lake
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  Abstract: Determining ecological thresholds for natural communities has implications for biodiversity conservation and for identifying reference conditions. Among aquatic communities’ phytoplankton is an important indicator of environmental changes and is highly susceptible to physical, chemical, and biological variations in aquatic ecosystems. This study shows multiple ecological thresholds of the phytoplankton community associated with rainfall, turbidity, water temperature, pH, particulate organic carbon, and total nitrogen, which were key factors influencing the phytoplankton community throughout the hydrological year in Lago Grande do Curuai. Among the six gradients evaluated, five (turbidity, temperature, pH, total nitrogen, and precipitation) influenced the distribution and biovolume of phytoplankton. This influence was associated with multiple points of change in the phytoplankton community along these gradients, phytoplankton species and morphofunctional groups (MBFG). The structure of the phytoplankton community in this system showed great variation throughout the year, as multiple ecological thresholds of the community were detected, which are associated with variations in habitat conditions. The MBFG ecological classification indicated a certain degree of loss of responses, potentially due to the weaker signal and lower amplitude threshold response. In conclusion, both classification methods have the potential to be effective biomonitoring and ecological management tools for this environment.
  PubDate: 2025-04-10
Spatial patterns of Trichoptera diversity and assemblage structure in the
Mediterranean Dinaric karst intermittent rivers in the Western Balkans
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  Abstract: Intermittent rivers are hydrologically extreme freshwater systems that periodically cease to flow. Such habitats occur worldwide, but they are most common in semi-arid regions of the world, such as the Mediterranean region. Trichoptera are frequently used in biomonitoring programmes worldwide. However, their biodiversity and ecological requirements in intermittent Mediterranean karst habitats are still poorly understood. Here, we provide data on Trichoptera assemblage metrics (taxa richness, diversity and abundance), assemblage structure (trophic structure and stream zonation preference), and their relationship with environmental variables in the lotic phase of four intermittent rivers in the Dinaric karst region of the Mediterranean in the Western Balkans. Due to the extreme hydrological conditions in the studied habitats, Trichoptera showed a low taxa richness (10 taxa). The highest diversity was recorded in rivers with greater habitat heterogeneity. In addition, rivers with higher conductivity and water temperature, and lower water velocity had more diverse assemblages. The trophic structure and stream zonation preferences of Trichoptera were significantly different among the intermittent rivers studied, with the influence of anthropogenic activities evident in certain rivers. However, the variability of Trichopteran assemblages along the course of each intermittent river, was generally low, which could be attributed to the uniform microhabitat composition and physico-chemical water parameters in the studied rivers. The results of this study could provide a valuable background for further research and the development of conservation measures for both Trichoptera and intermittent karst habitats in the Mediterranean.
  PubDate: 2025-04-09
Effects of a common larvicide on the life history of cladoceran species: a
multigenerational and in silico point of view
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  Abstract: Temephos is an organophosphorus insecticide used as a common larvicide. Although no studies to our knowledge report the presence of temephos in Mexican waterbodies, the Latin American government still uses the larvicide to control Aedes aegypti and illnesses associated with dengue. Freshwater systems and wastewater treatment plants contain microorganisms such as zooplankton species. Non-target organisms can interact directly with the larvicide due to the application in water producing adverse effects in their populations. Most ecotoxicological assays using zooplankton species are based on previously unexposed populations, discarding multigenerational point of view and in silico methods. In the present study, chronic effects were evaluated through life table demography for Moina macrocopa (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1 µg L-1) and Ceriodaphnia dubia (0, 0.06, 0.125, 0.25 µg L-1) exposed to sublethal levels of temephos in the medium for two generations (F0 and F1). Regardless of the concentrations used, temephos produced effects on both cladocerans species in the two generations. Induced maternal effects can be observed in the tolerance of the offspring of M. macrocopa, compared to C. dubia, where the impacts were far greater in the F1 generation. This can be explained due to the interactions of binding sites on arginine kinase, suggesting potential inhibitory effects of temephos on the amino acid.
  PubDate: 2025-04-09
On the possible connection between phytoplankton dynamics in a large
lowland reservoir and long-term variations in solar activity
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  Abstract: Our work is based on the assumption of a connection between the development of phytoplankton as chlorophyll a (CHL) and the long-term dynamics of solar activity expressed as sunspot numbers (Wolf numbers, W) by the example of the Rybinsk Reservoir (Upper Volga, Russia). We analyzed the possible relationship between mean for the growing season CHL and W over the period of solar cycles 20–24 (1969–2019), as well as the relationship between CHL in water and bottom sediments with W during the entire cycle 24 (2009–2019). A moderate tendency towards a decrease in CHL with increasing W was revealed for cycles 20 and 22, but for cycle 21 there was no correlation between them at all. A linear increase in CHL with increasing W was detected for cycle 23 and the most distinct for the cycle 24. A close relationship with high positive correlation coefficients equal to 0.74 and 0.70 have been established between W and CHL in water and bottom sediments during cycle 24. For sedimentary pigments, the degree of correlation with W depends on the type of bottom sediments. A reliable connection is typical for deep areas with a high rate of sludge accumulation; in areas with unfavorable conditions for sedimentation, such a relationship has not been identified. It is assumed that the increased correlation between CHL and solar activity in the cycle 24 compared to the previous cycles is due to the anomaly of this cycle, characterized by unprecedentedly low W values.
  PubDate: 2025-04-07
Effects of abiotic and biotic factors on tadpole occurrence and abundance
in seasonal rock pools of rock outcrops, northern Western Ghats
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  Abstract: Freshwater rock pools formed due to erosion and weathering in outcrops are known to act as essential frog breeding habitats. In the northern part of the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot, large freshwater rock pools are shown to be important for adult stage of three species of frogs: Jaladhara Skittering Frog (Euphlyctis jaladhara), Nilphamari Narrow-mouthed Frog (Microhyla nilphamariensis), and Common Indian Treefrog (Polypedates maculatus). Previous studies have thus recommended conservation of existing rock pools and restoration or creation of rock pools for amphibian conservation, in light of reduced rock pool availability due to rapid conversion of outcrops to orchards. To this end, knowledge of tadpole ecology in the rock pools is essential for further research and conservation actions. We assessed the influence of abiotic (pool size, monsoon progression) and biotic (predator abundances) factors on occurrence and abundance of tadpoles of the three species by periodically monitoring the ephemeral freshwater rock pools in lateritic plateaus of the northern Western Ghats. Tadpole occurrences and abundances were negatively associated with monsoon progression, and not associated with predator abundances for all species, while they were positively associated with rock pool size, species-specifically.
  PubDate: 2025-04-04
Environment and phytoplankton relative abundances in a hypersaline lake:
27 years in Great Salt Lake, USA and experiments
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  Abstract: Over 27 years in Great Salt Lake (GSL: Utah, USA), phytoplankton relative abundances of chlorophytes, diatoms and cyanobacteria varied dramatically (monthly > 90%) of several of the most common GSL phytoplankton (chlorophyte–Dunaliella viridis, diatom–Nitzschia epithemioides, cyanobacterium–Euhalothece sp.). Maximum abundances and growth rates were measured across ranges of temperature (10–30 °C), salinity (30–150 ppt) and nutrients (nitrogen: 0.0–0.64 mg/L, silica:17–51 mg/L) observed within GSL. Experimental results indicated the abundance and growth rate of D. viridis increased as salinity and nitrogen increased and decreased as temperature increased. The abundances and growth rates of N. epithemioides and Euhalothece decreased as salinity increased, and increased as temperature and nitrogen increased, and N. epithemioides increased as silica increased. Observed GSL phytoplankton relative abundances responded to environmental conditions as observed in the experiments, but correlations were weak except for chlorophytes, as diatoms and cyanobacteria relative abundances occasionally increased with unfavorable experimental conditions. The weak correlations between laboratory results and GSL observations could be due to the release of diatoms and cyanobacteria from microbialite biofilms in the lake’s benthos with cold stress and high winds, as a 5–10% release can produce diatom and cyanobacteria phytoplankton relative abundances of 24–48%. This suggests a novel potential link between GSL pelagic and benthic zones.
  PubDate: 2025-04-04

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