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Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.648  Citation Impact (citeScore): 1 Number of Followers: 2  Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)ISSN (Print) 0363-8715 - ISSN (Online) 1532-3145 Published by LWW Wolters Kluwer  [330 journals]
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- Introduction to Guest Section on Neuroendocrine Tumors
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Authors: Tamm; Eric P.
Abstract: No abstract available
PubDate: Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT-
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- Imaging Review of Different Subchondral Insufficiency Fractures
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Authors: Alidina; Sameer; Luxenburg, Dylan; Castro, Athena; Subhawong, Ty K.; Ferreira de Souza, Felipe
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Subchondral fractures are a common cause of joint pain that may ultimately lead to articular collapse and the need for arthroplasty. This type of fracture has been reported at multiple joints throughout the body. While clinical and radiographic resolution can be achieved, progressive bone collapse can occur and lead to a variety of complications. Understanding the pertinent imaging findings can aid in the early evaluation of subchondral fractures and in the prevention of their associated complications.
PubDate: Fri, 31 May 2024 00:00:00 GMT-
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- Clinical Intricacies and Advances in Neuroendocrine Tumors: An Organ-Based
Multidisciplinary Approach-
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Authors: Asmundo; Luigi; Ambrosini, Valentina; Anderson, Mark A.; Fanti, Stefano; Bradley, William R.; Campana, Davide; Mojtahed, Amirkasra; Chung, Ryan; Mcdermott, Shaunagh; Digumarthy, Subba; Ursprung, Stephan; Nikolau, Konstantin; Fintelmann, Florian J.; Blake, Michael; Fernandez-del Castillo, Carlos; Qadan, Motaz; Pandey, Ankur; Clark, Jeffrey W.; Catalano, Onofrio A.
Abstract:
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are rare neoplasms originating from neuroendocrine cells, with increasing incidence due to enhanced detection methods. These tumors display considerable heterogeneity, necessitating diverse management strategies based on factors like organ of origin and tumor size. This article provides a comprehensive overview of therapeutic approaches for NENs, emphasizing the role of imaging in treatment decisions. It categorizes tumors based on their locations: gastric, duodenal, pancreatic, small bowel, colonic, rectal, appendiceal, gallbladder, prostate, lung, gynecological, and others. The piece also elucidates the challenges in managing metastatic disease and controversies surrounding MEN1–neuroendocrine tumor management. The article underscores the significance of individualized treatment plans, underscoring the need for a multidisciplinary approach to ensure optimal patient outcomes.
PubDate: Sat, 13 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT-
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- Imaging of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms; Principles of Treatment Strategies.
What Referring Clinicians Want to Know-
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Authors: Asmundo; Luigi; Ambrosini, Valentina; Mojtahed, Amirkasra; Fanti, Stefano; Ferrone, Cristina; Hesami, Mina; Sertic, Madeleine; Najmi, Zahra; Furtado, Felipe S.; Dhami, Ranjodh S.; Anderson, Mark A.; Samir, Anthony; Sharma, Amita; Campana, Davide; Ursprung, Stephan; Nikolau, Konstantin; Domachevsky, Liran; Blake, Michael A.; Norris, Evan C.; Clark, Jeffrey W.; Catalano, Onofrio A.
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Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a diverse group of tumors that express neuroendocrine markers and primarily affect the lungs and digestive system. The incidence of NENs has increased over time due to advancements in imaging and diagnostic techniques. Effective management of NENs requires a multidisciplinary approach, considering factors such as tumor location, grade, stage, symptoms, and imaging findings. Treatment strategies vary depending on the specific subtype of NEN. In this review, we will focus on treatment strategies and therapies including the information relevant to clinicians in order to undertake optimal management and treatment decisions, the implications of different therapies on imaging, and how to ascertain their possible complications and treatment effects.
PubDate: Fri, 12 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT-
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- Diagnostic Anatomic Imaging for Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Maximizing
Strengths and Mitigating Weaknesses-
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Authors: Hesami; Mina; Blake, Michael; Anderson, Mark A.; Asmundo, Luigi; Kilcoyne, Aoife; Najmi, Zahra; Caravan, Peter D.; Catana, Ciprian; Czawlytko, Cynthia; Abdar Esfahani, Shadi; Kambadakone, Avinash R.; Samir, Anthony; McDermott, Shaunagh; Domachevsky, Liran; Ursprung, Stephan; Catalano, Onofrio A.
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Neuroendocrine neoplasms are a heterogeneous group of gastrointestinal and lung tumors. Their diverse clinical manifestations, variable locations, and heterogeneity present notable diagnostic challenges. This article delves into the imaging modalities vital for their detection and characterization. Computed tomography is essential for initial assessment and staging. At the same time, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is particularly adept for liver, pancreatic, osseous, and rectal imaging, offering superior soft tissue contrast. The article also highlights the limitations of these imaging techniques, such as MRI's inability to effectively evaluate the cortical bone and the questioned cost-effectiveness of computed tomography and MRI for detecting specific gastric lesions. By emphasizing the strengths and weaknesses of these imaging techniques, the review offers insights into optimizing their utilization for improved diagnosis, staging, and therapeutic management of neuroendocrine neoplasms.
PubDate: Sat, 23 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT-
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- State-of-the-Art Hybrid Imaging of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
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Authors: Ambrosini; Valentina; Fortunati, Emilia; Fanti, Stefano; Ursprung, Stephan; Asmundo, Luigi; O'Shea, Aileen; Kako, Bashar; Lee, Susanna; Furtado, Felipe S.; Blake, Michael; Goiffon, Reece J.; Najmi, Zahra; Hesami, Mina; Murakami, Takaaki; Domachevsky, Liran; Catalano, Onofrio A.
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Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) may be challenging to diagnose due to their small size and diverse anatomical locations. Hybrid imaging techniques, specifically positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI), represent the current state-of-the-art for evaluating NENs. The preferred radiopharmaceuticals for NEN PET imaging are gallium-68 (68Ga) DOTA-peptides, which target somatostatin receptors (SSTR) overexpressed on NEN cells. Clinical applications of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-peptides PET/CT include diagnosis, staging, prognosis assessment, treatment selection, and response evaluation. Fluorodeoxyglucose-18 (18F-FDG) PET/CT aids in detecting low-SSTR-expressing lesions and helps in patient stratification and treatment planning, particularly in grade 3 neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). New radiopharmaceuticals such as fluorine-labeled SSTR agonists and SSTR antagonists are emerging as alternatives to 68Ga-labeled peptides, offering improved detection rates and favorable biodistribution. The maturing of PET/MRI brings advantages to NEN imaging, including simultaneous acquisition of PET and MRI images, superior soft tissue contrast resolution, and motion correction capabilities. The PET/MRI with [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-peptides has demonstrated higher lesion detection rates and more accurate lesion classification compared to PET/CT. Overall, hybrid imaging offers valuable insights in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment planning of NENs. Further research is needed to refine response assessment criteria and standardize reporting guidelines.
PubDate: Fri, 22 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT-
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- Liver Imaging in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
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Authors: Jeph; Sunil; Gupta, Shiva; Yedururi, Sireesha; Daoud, Taher E.; Stanietzky, Nir; Morani, Ajaykumar C.
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The incidence of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) has gradually increased over the past few decades with the majority of patients presenting with metastases on initial presentation. The liver is the most common site of initial metastatic disease, and the presence of liver metastasis is an independent prognostic factor associated with a negative outcome. Because NENs are heterogenous neoplasms with variable differentiation, grading, and risk of grade transformation over time, accurate diagnosis and management of neuroendocrine liver lesions are both important and challenging. This is particularly so with the multiple liver-directed treatment options available. In this review article, we discuss the diagnosis, treatment, and response evaluation of NEN liver metastases.
PubDate: Mon, 26 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT-
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- An Illustrated Review of the Recent 2019 World Health Organization
Classification of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Radiologic and Pathologic
Correlation-
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Authors: Ursprung; Stephan; Zhang, Lisa; Asmundo, Luigi; Hesami, Mina; Najmi, Zhara; Cañamaque, Lina Garcia; Shenoy-Bhangle, Anuradha S.; Pierce, Theodore T.; Mojtahed, Amirkasra; Blake, Michael A.; Cochran, Rory; Nikolau, Konstantin; Harisinghani, Mukesh G.; Catalano, Onofrio A.
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Recent advances in molecular pathology and an improved understanding of the etiology of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) have given rise to an updated World Health Organization classification. Since gastroenteropancreatic NENs (GEP-NENs) are the most common forms of NENs and their incidence has been increasing constantly, they will be the focus of our attention. Here, we review the findings at the foundation of the new classification system, discuss how it impacts imaging research and radiological practice, and illustrate typical and atypical imaging and pathological findings. Gastroenteropancreatic NENs have a highly variable clinical course, which existing classification schemes based on proliferation rate were unable to fully capture. While well- and poorly differentiated NENs both express neuroendocrine markers, they are fundamentally different diseases, which may show similar proliferation rates. Genetic alterations specific to well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors graded 1 to 3 and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine cancers of small cell and large-cell subtype have been identified. The new tumor classification places new demands and creates opportunities for radiologists to continue providing the clinically most relevant report and on researchers to design projects, which continue to be clinically applicable.
PubDate: Mon, 26 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT-
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- Virtual Monoenergetic Images Facilitate Better Identification of the Arc
of Riolan During Splenic Flexure Takedown-
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Authors: Li; Qian; Zhang, Pengfei; Zhang, Ranxu; Zhang, Jianfeng; Tian, Ruoxi; Gao, Tianyi; Huang, Yu; Zhang, Ping; Wei, Wei; Hong, Rui; Wang, Guiying; Zhao, Jian
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Objective This study aimed to investigate whether virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) can aid radiologists and surgeons in better identifying the arc of Riolan (AOR) and to determine the optimal kilo electron volt (keV) level.Methods Thirty-three patients were included. Conventional images (CIs) and VMI (40–100 keV) were reconstructed using arterial phase spectral-based images. The computed tomography (CT) attenuation and noise of the AOR, the CT attenuation of the erector spinal muscle, and the background noise on VMI and CI were measured, respectively. The signal-to-noise ratio, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and signal intensity ratio were calculated. The image quality of the AOR was evaluated according to a 4-point Likert grade.Results The CT attenuation, noise, CNR, and signal intensity ratio of the AOR were significantly higher in VMI at 40 and 50 keV compared with CI (P < 0.001); VMI at 40 keV was significantly higher than 50 keV (P < 0.05). No significant difference in signal-to-noise ratio, background noise, and CT attenuation of the spinal erector muscle was observed between VMI and CI (P> 0.05). virtual monoenergetic image at 40 keV produced the best subjective scores.Conclusions Virtual monoenergetic image at 40 keV makes it easier to observe the AOR with optimized subjective and objective image quality. This may prompt radiologists and surgeons to actively search for it and encourage surgeons to preserve it during splenic flexure takedown.
PubDate: Fri, 09 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT-
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- Relationship Analysis Between Pericoronary Fat Attenuation Index and
Parameters of Single Plaque-
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Authors: Nie; Ji-Yan; Chen, Wen-Xi; Wu, Qing-De
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Objective The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between plaque parameters and pericoronary fat attenuation index (FAI).Methods A retrospective collection was performed on 227 patients with coronary heart disease who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography examinations in our hospital from May 2021 to April 2023, with a total of 254 right coronary or left anterior descending coronary arteries exhibiting solitary plaques within the FAI measurement area. Based on whether the proximal coronary FAI value was ≥ −70.0 HU, patients and coronary arteries were divided into FAI-positive group (67 cases, 73 coronary arteries) and FAI-negative group (160 cases, 181 coronary arteries). Quantitative parameters of coronary solitary plaques were collected, including stenosis severity, plaque length, plaque volume, plaque composition ratios, minimal luminal area, and calcification score, as well as qualitative parameters such as plaque types and high-risk plaques. Differences in plaque parameters between the FAI-positive and FAI-negative groups were compared.Results The proportion of positive remodeling in the FAI-positive group (73 coronary arteries) was higher than that in the FAI-negative group (181 coronary arteries) with statistical significance (89.0% vs 78.5%, P = 0.049). Multivariate analysis revealed that positive remodeling was a risk factor for abnormal FAI values in solitary plaques (odds ratio, 2.271, P = 0.049).Conclusions The FAI-positive group had a higher proportion of positive remodeling, and positive remodeling was an independent risk factor for positive FAI values.
PubDate: Thu, 08 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT-
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- Computed Tomography Volumetry of Bone Cement: Retrospective Blinded
Validation of Commercially Available Semi-automated Edge Detection
Software-
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Authors: Sag; Alan A.; Barral, Ernest; Thompson, Russell E.; Goodwin, C. Rory; Ronald, James
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Objective Cement volumes are increasingly linked to orthopedic oncology and neurosurgical outcomes (construct durability, adjacent fracture), but manual cement volumetry remains time prohibitive. The authors aim to report performance of PACS-integrated volumetric software specifically for barium-enhanced polymethylmethacrylate cement.Methods Institutional review board–approved single-institution retrospective review of patients from 2019–2022 undergoing kyphoplasty for pathological compression fractures with a quantitative cement infuser providing true cement volume. An operator blinded to true cement volumes retrospectively performed software-assisted volumetry on follow-up computed tomography scans.Results Included were 91 kyphoplasty levels in 56 patients: mean age, 62 years (range, 34–85 years), 73% female. True cement volume (available for 44 of 66 procedures) was mean 4.5 mL per level (range, 1.2–15.6 mL). Measured cement volume (available for all procedures) yielded a mean of 6.1 mL per level (range, 1.5–27.9 mL). For the 57 levels (39 patients) where both true and measured cement volumes were available, linear regression intercept and slope were 1.46 (95% CI = 0.97–1.95, P < 0.001) and 0.52 (CI = 0.47–0.57, P < 0.001), respectively, suggesting measured volume averaged 1.46 mL greater than true volume, with each additional milliliter of measured volume corresponding to approximately 0.52 mL of true volume. There was no significant difference in the relationship between estimated and actual cement volume in thoracic levels (intercept = −0.24, CI = −1.13 to 0.66, P = 0.61; slope = 0.03, CI = −0.14 to 0.19, P = 0.73) compared with lumbar levels. The goodness-of-fit of the regression model was strong (R2 = 0.81). Discrepancies ranged from 90% underestimation to 52% overestimation; average, 17% overestimation.Conclusions Semi-automated volumetry maintained a strong correlation with true volumes across the thoracic and lumbar curvatures, overestimating cement volume by a mean of 17% or 1.46 mL.
PubDate: Sat, 03 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT-
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- Visual Knowledge Domain of Artificial Intelligence in Computed Tomography:
A Review Based on Bibliometric Analysis-
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Authors: Zhu; Kunshu; Shen, Zefang; Wang, Min; Jiang, Lufang; Zhang, Ye; Yang, Tiantong; Zhang, Haidong; Zhang, Mengzhou
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Artificial intelligence (AI)–assisted medical imaging technology is a new research area of great interest that has developed rapidly over the last decade. However, there has been no bibliometric analysis of published studies in this field. The present review focuses on AI-related studies on computed tomography imaging in the Web of Science database and uses CiteSpace and VOSviewer to generate a knowledge map and conduct the basic information analysis, co-word analysis, and co-citation analysis. A total of 7265 documents were included and the number of documents published had an overall upward trend. Scholars from the United States and China have made outstanding achievements, and there is a general lack of extensive cooperation in this field. In recent years, the research areas of great interest and difficulty have been the optimization and upgrading of algorithms, and the application of theoretical models to practical clinical applications. This review will help researchers understand the developments, research areas of great interest, and research frontiers in this field and provide reference and guidance for future studies.
PubDate: Mon, 15 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT-
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- Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Neoplasms—A Review
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Authors: Vulasala; Sai Swarupa; Virarkar, Mayur; Gopireddy, Dheeraj; Waters, Rebecca; Alkhasawneh, Ahmad; Awad, Ziad; Maxwell, Jessica; Ramani, Nisha; Kumar, Sindhu; Onteddu, Nirmal; Morani, Ajaykumar C.
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Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are rapidly evolving small bowel tumors, and the patients are asymptomatic at the initial stages. Metastases are commonly observed at the time of presentation and diagnosis. This review addresses the small bowel NEN (SB-NEN) and its molecular, histological, and imaging features, which aid diagnosis and therapy guidance. Somatic cell number alterations and epigenetic mutations are studied to be responsible for sporadic and familial SB-NEN. The review also describes the grading of SB-NEN in addition to rare histological findings such as mixed neuroendocrine-non-NENs. Anatomic and nuclear imaging with conventional computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomographic enterography, and positron emission tomography are adopted in clinical practice for diagnosing, staging, and follow-up of NEN. Along with the characteristic imaging features of SB-NEN, the therapeutic aspects of imaging, such as peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, are discussed in this review.
PubDate: Sun, 17 Dec 2023 00:00:00 GMT-
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- Diagnostic Approaches to Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of Unknown Primary Site
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Authors: Daoud; Taher; Morani, Ajaykumar C.; Waters, Rebecca; Bhosale, Priya; Virarkar, Mayur K.
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Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are relatively uncommon heterogeneous neoplasms arising from endocrine and neuronal origin cells showing highly variable clinical behavior. By the time these tumors are discovered, up to 14% of patients with histologically proven NETs have metastasis, with the liver as the most frequently affected organ. Sometimes, no known primary site can be identified via routine imaging. Neuroendocrine tumors of unknown origin carry a poorer prognosis (compared with metastatic NETs with a known primary site) because of a lack of tailored surgical intervention and appropriate medical therapy (eg, chemotherapy or targeted therapy). A multimethod approach is frequently used in the trial to accurately determine the primary site for NETs of unknown primary sites and may include clinical, laboratory, radiological, histopathological, and surgical data. New molecular techniques using the genomic approach to identify the molecular signature have shown promising results. Various imaging modalities include ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), dual-energy CT, magnetic resonance imaging, and functional and hybrid imaging (positron emission tomography/CT, positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging); somatostatin receptor imaging with new tracers is frequently used in an attempt for localization of the primary site.
PubDate: Wed, 25 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMT-
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- Imaging Update for Hereditary Abdominopelvic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
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Authors: Ferreira Dalla Pria; Hanna R.; Sharbidre, Kedar G.; Virarkar, Mayur; Javadi, Sanaz; Bhosale, Hrishabh; Maxwell, Jessica; Lall, Chandana; Morani, Ajaykumar C.
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Neuroendocrine neoplasms have shown a linear increase in incidence and prevalence in recent decades, primarily due to improved cross-sectional imaging, expanded use of endoscopic procedures, and advanced genetic analysis. However, diagnosis of hereditary neuroendocrine tumors is still challenging because of heterogeneity in their presentation, the variety of tumor locations, and multiple associated syndromes. Radiologists should be familiar with the spectrum of these tumors and associated hereditary syndromes. Furthermore, as the assessment of multiple tumor elements such as morphology, biochemical markers, and presence of metastatic disease are essential for the treatment plan, conventional anatomic and functional imaging methods are fundamental in managing and surveilling these cases. Our article illustrates the role of different cross-sectional imaging modalities in diagnosing and managing various hereditary abdominopelvic neuroendocrine tumors.
PubDate: Thu, 12 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMT-
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- Appendiceal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Comprehensive Review
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Authors: Padmanabhan Nair Sobha; Renjith; Jensen, Corey T.; Waters, Rebecca; Calimano-Ramirez, Luis Fernando; Virarkar, Mayur K.
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Appendiceal neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) is the most common adult appendiceal malignant tumor, constituting 16% of gastrointestinal NENs. They are versatile tumors with varying morphology, immunohistochemistry, secretory properties, and cancer genomics. They are slow growing and clinically silent, to begin with, or present with features of nonspecific vague abdominal pain. Most acute presentations are attributed clinically to appendicitis, with most cases detected incidentally on pathology after an appendectomy. Approximately 40% of them present clinically with features of hormonal excess, which is likened to the functional secretory nature of their parent cell of origin. The symptoms of carcinoid syndrome render their presence clinically evident. However, slow growing and symptomatically silent in its initial stages, high-grade neuroendocrine tumors and neuroendocrine carcinomas of the appendix are aggressive and usually have hepatic and lymph node metastasis at presentation. This review article focuses on imaging characteristics, World Health Organization histopathological classification and grading, American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union or International Cancer Control, European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society staging, European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society standardized guidelines for reporting, data interpretation, early-stage management protocols, and advanced-stage appendiceal NENs. Guidelines are also set for the follow-up and reassessment. The role of targeted radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and high-dose somatostatin analogs in treating advanced disease are discussed, along with types of ablative therapies and liver transplantation for tumor recurrence. The search for newer location-specific biomarkers in NEN is also summarized. Regarding the varying aggressiveness of the tumor, there is a scope for research in the field, with plenty of data yet to be discovered.
PubDate: Fri, 11 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT-
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