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Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.25  Number of Followers: 7  Open Access journalISSN (Print) 1806-2636 - ISSN (Online) 1807-8672 Published by Universidade Estadual de Maringá  [9 journals]
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- Syzygium aromaticum and propolis emulgel for preventing mastitis
Authors: Rogério Aleson Dias Bezerra, Natália Zampiroli Oliveira , Thainá Blasques Silva , Magali Soares dos Santos Pozza , Ivanor Nunes do Prado , Fernando Rodrigues de Carvalho , Katiele da Silva Souza Campanholi , Mônica Regina da Silva Scapim
Pages: e71018 - e71018
Abstract: Several sanitary measures must be adopted during the milking process to minimize the transmission of mastitis-causing agents that can be transferred to the milk, depreciating its microbiological quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an emulgel composed by propolis and clove essential oil in post-dipping for lactating cows. For the in vitro inhibition test against Staphylococcus aureus, was observed a greater effectiveness (88%) of clove essential oil (Syzygium Aromatum) comparing to the other components of the emulgel. For the field test, five animals were used for the control group (iodine) and five animals with emulgel (hydrated Carbopol® + propolis and essential oil of leaf clove) as post-dipping, applied daily to the teats of lactating cows with the aid of conventional applicators after milking. Milk samples were collected on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28, for the evaluation of milk composition and somatic cell count (SCC) and microbiological evaluation. No significant effects were observed for the variable fats and SCC (p > 0.05). However, for the protein variable, effects were significant for the interaction between the control group, the emulgel and the evaluated days (p < 0.05). The lactose variable showed significant effects for the evaluation days (p < 0.05). The staphylococcal count in milk was similar for both evaluated groups. The emulgel has promising characteristics for use as a post-dipping disinfectant.
PubDate: 2025-04-14
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.71018
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2025)
- Physicochemical Analysis of Honey Produced and Sold in the Municipality of
Senhor do Bonfim, Bahia
Authors: Willhams Andrade Silva , Claudete Maria da Silva Moura , Alessandra Oliveira de Araújo , Laianne Oliveira Santos , Rafael Abílio de Sousa Silva , Paulo Leonardo Lima Ribeiro , Glayciane Costa Gois
Pages: e71987 - e71987
Abstract: The objective of this study was to analyze the physicochemical characteristics of Apis mellifera L. honey produced and sold in Senhor do Bonfim, Bahia, Brazil. A completely randomized design was adopted; it consisted of 6 treatments and 4 replicates, with the honey collection sites being considered as the treatments, namely: T1CMQ - Quicé Honey House, T2AMt - Maranata Apiary, T3FLv - Senhor do Bonfim Street Market, T4AMT - Monte Tabor Apiary, T5AJVC - Juvêncio Apiary and T6AS - Souza Apiary. The honeys in the different treatments analyzed showed similarity for moisture, total titratable acidity and Lund reaction (p > 0.05). The lowest ash and total soluble solids contents were obtained by the T3FLv honey samples (p < 0.05). The highest pH was obtained in the T1CMQ samples (p < 0.05). The honeys were classified as having a color between extra light amber and light amber. The Lugol test was negative. The results found show that the honey produced and sold in Senhor do Bonfim, BA, is of good quality and suitable for human consumption.
PubDate: 2025-04-14
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.71987
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2025)
- Refined crude glycerin in sow feed: A sustainable alternative
Authors: Sandra de la Torre Iturbe, Manuel Sánchez Cantú, Maximino Méndez Mendoza, Iyoselin Cansino Alonso
Pages: e71641 - e71641
Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of semi-purified glycerin added to the feed of pregnant and lactating sows on performance including dorsal diameter, body condition, daily weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion rate. Growth and feeding parameters were evaluated in born piglets: litter average, survival, daily weight gain, feed conversion rate, and daily milk consumption. Pregnant sows (n = 60; initial weight 180 ± 22 kg) were randomly assigned to the Control or Glycerin group (2%). Semi-purified glycerin was supplied from the beginning of gestation until farrowing. The inclusion of semi-purified glycerin did not affect any of the parameters evaluated in sows during gestation. The inclusion of semi-purified glycerin had a significant effect (p = 0.04) on the body condition of sows at weaning and appeared to have a negative effect on piglet survival. However, semi-purified glycerin caused no negative effects on milk production during lactation and did not affect piglet performance parameters. The addition of semi-purified glycerin as a caloric source could be an economically viable alternative to be implemented in feeding pregnant and lactating sows. However, additional tests are suggested.
PubDate: 2025-03-24
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.71641
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2025)
- Nutritional requirements of digestible methionine+cystine for laying
Japanese quails
Authors: Jamilly Lima Ferreira Oliveira, Yasmin Maria Nunes Silva, Eloisa de Souza Rangel, Mônica Calixto Ribeiro de Holanda, Leandro Ricardo Rodrigues de Lucena, Marco Aurélio Carneiro de Holanda
Pages: e71957 - e71957
Abstract: The objective of the present research is to determine optimal levels of digestible methionine+cystine to maximize the laying percentage and to improve the food conversion per egg mass of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). The experimental period was divided into three evaluation cycles, using 175 Japanese quails in the laying phase, with an initial age of 60 days, distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of five levels of methionine+digestible cystine (0.742; 0.842; 0.942; 1.042; 1.142%). The performance variables measured were: daily feed consumption, average egg weight, laying percentage and feed conversion per egg mass. For the three evaluation cycles there was no difference in daily feed consumption and average egg weight, while the laying percentage and feed conversion per egg mass showed a quadratic behavior with a peak egg laying percentage of 97.81% and minimum feed conversion per egg mass of 2.39. Level of methionine+cystine necessary to obtain a peak in laying percentage is 0.942%, which provides better feed conversion rates for birds, with methionine+cystine consumption estimated between 253 mg/bird/day and ratio methionine+cystine/lysine of 0.836 %.
PubDate: 2025-03-24
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.71957
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2025)
- Correlations between intake and ingestive behavior of supplemented
pasture-finished steers
Authors: Angélica Francelina Sampaio, Fabrício Bacelar Lima Mendes, Robério Rodrigues Silva, Túlio Otávio Lins, Hermógenes Almeida de Santana Júnior
Pages: e71536 - e71536
Abstract: The objective was to evaluate the correlations between intake and ingestive behavior of steers receiving supplementation and finished on pasture. The field phase was conducted at the Princesa do Mateiro Farm, municipality of Ribeirão do Largo, state of Bahia. For this experiment, 32 crossbred steers (Holstein X Zebu) in the finishing phase, with an average initial weight of 420 ± 7.54 kg, were distributed in a completely randomized design, with four treatments (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8%) and eight repetitions. Grazing time (GT) did not correlate (p > 0.05) with total dry matter intake (TDMI). GT showed a moderate positive correlation (p < 0.05) with crude protein intake (CPI) and neutral detergent fiber intake corrected for ash and protein (NDFIap). Rumination time (RUM) showed a weak negative correlation (p < 0.05) with NFCI. Trough feeding time (TFT) showed moderate negative correlations with NDFIap and moderate positive correlations with NFCI (p < 0.05). The number of bites per day (NBD) showed a weak negative correlation with TDMI and a moderate negative correlation with CPI, NDFIap (p < 0.05). The correlations found demonstrate that supplementation of steers finished on pasture interferes with their ingestive behavior.
PubDate: 2025-03-24
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.71536
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2025)
- Chemical analysis and in situ dry matter disappearance of açaí seeds
chemically treated with urea
Authors: Luana Santos dos Santos, Anderson Rodrigues dos Santos , Antônio Rodrigo da Silva Brito, Laurena Silva Rodrigues, Vinicius Costa Gomes de Castro, Eziquiel de Morais, Adriano Braga Brasileiro de Alvarenga, Sandra Cristina de Ávila
Pages: e71514 - e71514
Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the chemical composition and in situ dry matter disappearance of açaí seeds treated with urea. Açaí seeds were treated with urea solutions at different concentrations (0, 5 and 7.5% CH₄N₂O). Subsequently, chemical analyses and in situ tests were carried out to evaluate the disappearance of dry matter (DM) in the periods of 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours of incubation. The increasing inclusion of urea influenced the DM, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF), except for mineral matter (MM). The DM content decreased with increasing urea levels, the control presented 92.99%. CP increased by 23.93% as urea inclusion increased. EE content was lower in the 5% treatment, reaching 0.79%. NDF, ADF, and lignin of the açaí seed decreased with increasing urea, with a lower content observed in the 7.5% CH₄N₂O treatment. Urea influenced the disappearance of DM, with greater loss in the 96-hour incubation in the 7.5% CH₄N₂O treatment. Açaí seeds can be included in the diet of ruminants when treated with urea.
PubDate: 2025-03-24
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.71514
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2025)
- Investigating consequences of non-synonymous Single nucleotide
polymorphisms of the Zyxin gene on protein structure and functions in
Nigerian indigenous and Nera black chickens Zyxin
Authors: Adenaike Adeyemi Sunday, Peters Sunday Olusola, Fafiolu Adeboye Olusesan, Waheed Abdullai Adetunji, Abdulrahman Taofeek Aireabakhame, Agaviezor Brilliant Ogagaoghene, Agbalaya Khadijah Kubura, Ikeobi Christian Obiora Ndubuisi
Pages: e71608 - e71608
Abstract: Zyxin functions as a regulator of the restructuring of the actin cytoskeleton during the process of repairing tissue damage, cell movement and attachment. It has also been identified as a potential gene involved in chicken coccidiosis. In order to gain a deeper understanding of these phenomena, we employed a collection of computer-based techniques and databases to examine the amino acid sequence, structural dynamics, molecular interactions, and activities of the gene. Our analysis revealed that Zyxin contains two non-synonymous SNPs (A > C at position 22 and G > A at position 137) at exon 1. Also, there existed a non-synonymous SNPs in Exon 3 (A>C and A>T both at position 861) of the gene with Synonymous SNPs observed only in exon 3 (A>G at position 812 and 854, T > C at position 863). The genetic diversity revealed in these chicken populations indicates the presence of genetic variation, with Naked neck chickens showing a considerably higher frequency of particular SNPs. Two non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) were forecasted to exert a profound influence on the structure, stability, and activities of Zyxin, thereby heightening the vulnerability to coccidiosis.
PubDate: 2025-03-24
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.71608
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2025)
- Probiotic supplementation in diets for laying hens and its effects on the
internal quality of eggs stored under refrigeration
Authors: Larissa Faria Silveira Moreira, Rosiane de Souza Camargos, Alexander Alexandre de Almeida, Carla Pantano, Rogério Amaro Gonçalves, Adriano Geraldo
Pages: e70648 - e70648
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate probiotics supplementation in diets for semi-heavy layers hens and their effects on the internal quality of eggs stored under refrigeration for different periods. 210 Hisex Brown® laying hens aged 30 weeks were distributed in a completely randomized design wIth six treatments, and seven replications,. The experimental diets were offered for 112 days. The experimental diets were: Control: control diet, without the inclusion of probiotics and feed efficiency-enhancing additives; CP: positive control feed with the inclusion of a feed efficiency-enhancing additive (Halquinol antibiotic inclusion at 60g kg-1); C+100: control feed with the inclusion of 100 g t-1 of a product based on Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis guaranteed level 2.0*106 CFU/g); C+150: feed with the inclusion of 150 g t-1 of the Bacillus subtilis-based product; C+200: feed with the inclusion of 200 g t-1 of Bacillus subtilis-based product; C+250: feed with the inclusion of 250 g t-1 of Bacillus subtilis-based product. A total of 588 eggs collected in the experimental plots were used (2 eggs per plot), and storage times at room temperature were 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 days and were analyzed for internal egg quality. Probiotic supplementation did not influence the internal quality of the eggs. The storage time under refrigeration influenced the percentage and quality of the eggs' internal components and weight loss, with worse results in eggs stored for longer.
PubDate: 2025-03-21
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.70648
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2025)
- Effect of Aroeira (schinus terebinthifolius) leaf essential oils on rumen
fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen balance in lambs fed
with high grain diet
Authors: José Alípio Faleiro Neto Faleiro Neto, Alexandre Vaz Pires, Elizangela Mirian Moreira, Rogerio de Paula Lana, Evandro Maia Ferreira, Renato Shinkay Gentil, Clinton Krehbiel, Marcos Vinicius Ferraz de Castro Junior
Pages: e70723 - e70723
Abstract: Evaluate the effect of Aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius) leaf essential oils on rumen fermentation parameters, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen balance in lambs. Treatments were a negative control (CTL - no additives), a positive control (MON - addition of 25 mg of monensin kg-1 of dry matter), doses of 1.25, 2.5, and 3.75 mL of essential oil kg-1 of diet as feed. Thirty crossbred Dorper x Santa Ines lambs with rumen cannulas and weighing 53.08 ± 11.04 kg were assigned to randomized blocks with five replicates per treatment. Across the entire observation period 0, 7, 14, and 21 days the feed additives proved effective in reducing butyrate and increasing ammonia. Linear increase in essential oils on isovalerate. Essential oils exhibited a quadratic effect on acetate, butyrate, C2/C3, and methane (p < 0.05), lower values in treatments at 1.25 and 2.5 mL kg-1. Treatments did not impact with nutrient intake and digestibility. The additives affected the reduction of nitrogen (N) intake and N retained (p < 0.05), Essential oils displayed an effect compared to monensin when decreasing N intake and N retained, with a linear decrease due to the essential oils level when decreasing N intake (p < 0.05). Doses of 1.25, 2.50 mL kg-1 reduced methane production and positively influenced the VFAs.
PubDate: 2025-03-21
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.70723
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2025)
- Ingestive behavior of Nellore cattle confined during the growing phase in
different shading strategies
Authors: Hellén Felicidade Durães, Cinara da Cunha Siqueira Carvalho, Maria Cecília Magalhães Gonçalves, José Reinaldo Mendes Ruas, Flavio Pinto Monção, Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior, Virgílio Mesquita Gomes, Jean Kaique Valentim
Pages: e71117 - e71117
Abstract: The study evaluated different shading strategies on the ingestive behavior of confined Nellore cattle during the growing phase. The experiment was conducted in the semi-arid region of Minas Gerais, Brazil, with 225 Nellore cattle (10 months old, 240 kg body weight). A completely randomized design was used with three treatments: no shading (full sun), natural shading (trees), and artificial shading, with 75 animals per group. Climatic variables were recorded, and feeding, ruminating, and idling behaviors were observed every 15 minutes for 24 hours. The full-sun environment was the most uncomfortable, with the highest air temperatures recorded between 12:00 a.m. and 2:50 p.m. Animals under natural shading showed higher feeding frequency, improved feeding efficiency, and greater daily weight gain, resulting in higher final weights. A significant difference (p < 0.05) in air temperature was found among treatments, with the highest value under full sun (29.3°C). Relative humidity and air velocity did not differ significantly. Natural shading improved the environment, leading to better zootechnical performance. The study concluded that providing natural shade for confined Nellore cattle improved ingestive behavior, increased feeding frequency and efficiency, and enhanced weight gain. This strategy is recommended for better cattle management and welfare in semi-arid regions.
PubDate: 2025-03-21
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.71117
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2025)
- Next generation sequencing and bio-informatics analysis for the
investigation of the vaginal bacterial microflora of clinically healthy
mares
Authors: Antonia Mataragka, Andrianna Symeonidou, John Ikonomopoulos, Nikolaos Tzimotoudis, Georgia Diakoudi, Gianvito Lanave, Nicola Decaro, Eleni Papakonstantinou, Dimitrios Vlachakis
Pages: e70939 - e70939
Abstract: This study was focused on the investigation of the constitution of the vaginal bacterial microflora of mares, using 16Sr-RNA next generation sequencing and bio-informatics analysis. Samples were collected from the inner vaginal wall of 30 clinically healthy adult mares from various locations in central Greece. Successful reads were retrieved from 28 samples resulting to the presumptive identification of 192 bacterial species belonging to 87 genera. None of the bacterial genera or species that were detected was present in all the test samples, which indicates that the vaginal bacterial microflora of the study population is diverse. The bacterial genera detected the most in the test samples were Staphylococcus (89%) and Acinetobacter (54%). The bio-informatics analysis produced evidence of a much richer microbiota for the Greek native, compared to the Arabian and other breeds, and indicated variations in its constitution associated with the reproduction and vaccination records.
PubDate: 2025-03-21
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.70939
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2025)
- Morphometric and thermo-physiological diversity in two chicken genotypes
kept by rural farmers under tropical conditions
Authors: Elijah Akumbugu Faith, Danlami Moses Ogah, Abdulmojeed Yakubu, Oladeji Bamidele
Pages: e70924 - e70924
Abstract: This study investigated phenotypic diversity in indigenous normal feathered and Noiler chickens kept by rural farmers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. A total of 180 birds at six weeks of age, comprising equal sexes were randomly sampled. Body weight, six primary biometric traits, four morphological indices and four thermo-physiological traits were measured on each bird for six months. The general linear model was used to test the fixed and interaction effects of genotype, sex and location on these traits. Noiler birds had higher (p < 0.05) morphometric traits and morphological indices than indigenous chickens, except for stockiness. Male birds outperformed their female counterparts in body traits and indices, while location effect was also significant. Heat tolerance traits were similar across genotypes, except for higher pulse rate in Noilers. Female birds appeared more stressed thermally while Nasarawa South birds exhibited higher thermal stress. There were significant (p < 0.05) effects of genotype*sex, genotype*location and sex*location interactions on most body parameters, morphological indices and heat tolerance traits. Optimal body weights for both Noiler male and female chickens were predicted at 25.83 and 27.25 weeks. The present findings would provide a basis for the conservation and genetic improvement of both chicken genotypes in Nigeria.
PubDate: 2025-03-21
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.70924
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2025)
- Tactile stimulation reduces reactivity but does not improve the
performance of Brahman’s calves
Authors: Joseph Kaled Grajales-Cedeño, Mayara Andrioli, Mateus José Rodrigues Paranhos da Costa
Pages: e70423 - e70423
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of tactile stimulation on the reactivity and performance of Brahman calves. One hundred and nine calves were randomly assigned to two treatments: calves that received tactile stimulation (TS, n = 57) and those that did not (NTS, n = 52). Tactile stimulation was performed for eight minutes, 12 hours after birth. The behavioral variables were collected at weaning (209.50 ± 55.83 days) by assigning reactivity scores in the squeeze chute, which ranged from one to five (one was assigned to a calm calf and five to the most reactive). A flight speed score was assigned when each calf exited the squeeze chute. Performance was assessed using the adjusted weaning weight (WW) and daily weight gain (ADG). TS female calves showed lower reactivity scores in the squeeze chute (p < 0.05) and when leaving it (p < 0.05) than NTS calves, but no significant differences were observed in male calves between the treatments (p > 0.05). WW and GMD did not differ between the treatments (p > 0.05). In conclusion, tactile stimulation performed in Brahman’s calves at birth resulted in less reactivity in female calves without affecting their performance.
PubDate: 2025-03-21
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.70423
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2025)
- Studies of genetic distance and gene flow in Red Sokoto and West African
Dwarf goats using restriction fragment length polymorphic marker
Authors: Adetunmbi Tella, Gazali Bala Dandara, Olumuyiwa Jacob Osunkeye, Francis Bosede Adebayo, Godfrey Odey Gabriel
Pages: e71193 - e71193
Abstract: Due to their hardiness in severe weather, capability to yield milk and meat, fast generation times, capacity to withstand the substandard diets, goats constitute an indispensable part of rural agricultural systems. Gene flow, genetic distance, and alleles were investigated in Red Sokoto (50) and West African Dwarf (45). For each animal, approximately 5 milliliters of aseptic blood taken. Restriction fragment length polymorphism and electrophoresis were carried out after the DNA samples were isolated and purified. Gene flow, anticipated (He) and observed heterozygosity (Ho), degree of genetic diversity and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) were determined. The results revealed that for Red Sokoto and West African Dwarf goats, the allele frequency of gene A and C varied between (7.2 &7.5) and (2.8 & 2.4) respectively. Ho values were 56% for Red Sokoto and 48.89% for West African Dwarf. The West African dwarf (37.35%) had the lowest estimates of He compared to Red Sokoto population (40.73%).The Mean Fis, Fit, Fst and Nm* were -0.3576, -0.3554, 0.0016 and 152.78 respectively for the populations studied. According to the findings, the goat populations exhibited the highest genetic similarity (0.9996) and the lowest genetic distance (0.0004), It was deduced that there is homology of alleles at the locus, low percentage of gene differentiation, and heterozygosis loss in the populations of native goats studied.
PubDate: 2025-03-21
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.71193
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2025)
- Using the five domains to assess the well-being of equines in the
municipality of Juatuba – state of Minas Gerais
Authors: Marielly Maria Almeida Moura, Adriane Stefany Batista dos Santos, Daniel Ananias de Assis Pires, Cinara da Cunha Siqueira Carvalho, Otaviano de Souza Pires Neto, Renê Ferreira Costa, Leandra Cristina Soares Santos , Maria Dulcineia da Costa
Pages: e71355 - e71355
Abstract: Due to the growth of horse breeding in Minas Gerais, there has been an increase in the number of horses kept in individual stalls, which compromises their health and favors the appearance of stereotypies, as horses are highly influenced by environmental conditions. In order to assess and minimize the effects of confinement, an analysis form was drawn up based on the Five Domains model and the Animal Welfare Assessment (AWA) practical guide. The aim of the study was to evaluate and quantify the EW status of 12 farms in the city of Juatuba, in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. The data was analyzed by analysis of variance, using the FREQ procedure of SAS, version 9.0 (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC, USA). The Welfare Assessment Form made it possible to identify which aspects within the Five Domains could be improved to ensure a better quality of life for the animals. The properties evaluated had a satisfactory Welfare status in general, but some specific characteristics require adjustments to meet the criteria mentioned.
PubDate: 2025-03-21
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.71355
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2025)
- Generating family farming revenue through juvenile fish production: a case
study in native species
Authors: Adriana Fernandes de Barros, Angélica Neves Vieira, Rafael Alexandre Costa e Silva, Caio Francisco Santana Farias, Soraia Andressa Dall’Agnol Marques, Maurício Laterça Martins
Pages: e70403 - e70403
Abstract: In view of the need to improve the development of family production enterprises, zootechnical and economic planning were conducted in a rural settlement in 0.78 ha of water depth for the rearing and marketing of juveniles of the tambatinga hybrid (♀ tambaqui Colossoma macropomum x ♂ pirapitinga Piaractus brachypomus) to verify its economic viability. For the zootechnical indicators, a 16-month production cycle was determined, with three juvenile production cycles and two fattening cycles. For the remaining fish that were not sold, the quantity of initial and final fish, stock biomass, average initial and final weight, apparent feed conversion, and mortality rate were determined. For economic planning, a total operating cost methodology was adopted to determine the costs per unit of production, gross revenue, gross margin, net profit, and profitability index. The production of juveniles of many sizes is economically viable for family farming, showing attractive profitability indicators even under adverse zootechnical conditions. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of zootechnical and economic planning on a property that can optimize production and use of the area, as well as showing producers how rewarding it is to farm fish.
PubDate: 2024-11-13
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.70403
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2024)
- Effect of β-mannanase enzyme supplementation on the diet of broilers fed
full-fat deactivated soy
Authors: Vitor Colossal da Silva, Jean Kaique Valentim, Wagner Azis Garcia de Araújo, Bruno Alexander Nunes Silva, Alexander Alexandre de Almeida
Pages: e70025 - e70025
Abstract: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance of broiler chickens fed a diet containing deactivated soy supplemented with the enzyme β-mannanase. A total of 1,152 broiler chickens, one day old and from the COOB 500 lineage, were used in a completely randomized design with a 4x2 factorial scheme. Four levels of β-mannanase (0, 80, 160, and 240 g ton-1) and the presence or absence of deactivated soy were tested, with eight repetitions, each with 18 birds per experimental unit. On the 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 35th, and 42nd days of life, the birds were weighed, and the feed leftovers were measured to obtain performance variables. From days 1 to 21, weight gain, feed conversion, and average weight were significantly affected by the addition of β-mannanase to the diet. The use of deactivated soy in combination with enzyme levels in mg kg-1 of metabolizable energy resulted in greater gains than did the use of soybean meal combined with the same levels of metabolizable energy. The use of deactivated soy along with 240 mg of β-mannanase enzyme supplementation in broiler diets from 1--42 days of age is recommended, as this supplementation improves bird performance.
PubDate: 2024-11-13
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.70025
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2024)
- Dietary supplementation with mango leaf powder influences broiler
chickens’ growth characteristics, blood parameters, and carcass
Authors: Olugbenga David Oloruntola, Samuel Adebowale Adeyeye, Olumuyiwa Joseph Olarotimi, Victor Olabisi Akinduro, Olufemi Adesanya Adu, Francis Ayodeji Gbore, Ojurereoluwa Adebimpe Ayodele
Pages: e71190 - e71190
Abstract: This study examined the impact of mango leaf powder supplementation on broiler chickens’ growth, blood parameters, and carcass of broiler chickens. Two hundred (200) day-old broilers were divided into four groups: Control (CONT), 200 mg kg-1 Vitamin C (VITC), 250 mg kg-1 mango leaf powder (MLP2), and 500 mg kg-1 mango leaf powder (MLP3). VITC, MLP2, and MLP3 groups showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) body weight gain than CONT, with similar feed intake and conversion ratios (p > 0.05). Organ weights (heart, lung, liver, spleen) were unaffected (p > 0.05), except for the pancreas in MLP2, which was lower (p < 0.05) than CONT. Hematological indices exhibited no significant differences (p > 0.05). Serum total protein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, cholesterol, and creatinine remained stable (p > 0.05). However, serum catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and lipid peroxidase levels were significantly (p < 0.05) increased with mango leaf powder supplementation. Mango leaf powder supplementation improved body weight gain, dressed percentage, and oxidative status of broiler chickens.
PubDate: 2024-11-13
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.71190
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2024)
- The efficiency of rumen microbial nitrogen and biomass synthesis of some
indigenous range plants using 15N-tracer technique
Authors: Mohamad Rateb Al-Masri
Pages: e70751 - e70751
Abstract: This study was performed to evaluate, by the use of in vitro incubation technique with ruminal liquid and 15N-tracer for 96 h, some perennial range plants (Artemisia herba-alba Asso, Noaea mucronata Forssk, Lavandula angustifolia Mill, Astragalus spinosus Forssk, Capparis spinosa L.) grown naturally on dry rangelands, in terms of rumen microbial nitrogen (M.N), microbial biomass (M.BM), true fermented organic matter (T.F.OM) and quantification of the efficiency of M.N and M.BM synthesis (M.N or M.BM / T.F.OM), and study the effect of polyethylene glycol (P.E.G) on the aforementioned parameters. C. spinosa had the highest (p < 0.05) values of T.F.OM, M.N and M.BM. Microbial N and M.BM values ranged from 0.57 to 0.82 mg g-1 DM and from 6.13 to 9.46 mg g-1 DM, respectively. There were no significant (p > 0.05) differences among plant species in terms of the efficiency of M.N and M.BM synthesis, and the average amounted to 0.282 g and 3.25 g 100 g-1 of truly fermented organic matter, respectively. M.BM and M.N values were negatively correlated with lignin but positively correlated with soluble nitrogen. P.E.G supplementation and the interaction between P.E.G treatment and plant species had no significant (p > 0.05) effect on the estimated parameters.
PubDate: 2024-11-13
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.70751
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2024)
- Jamun (Syzygium cumini) seed and orange (Citrus sinensis) peel extracts
ameliorates toxic effects of lead on kidney biomarkers in rats
Authors: Ram Prataap Yadav, Sunil Kumar Srivastav, Nobuo Suzuki, Ajai Kumar Srivastav
Pages: e70282 - e70282
Abstract: Wistar rats were treated as Group A: Control; Group B: Lead (50 mg kg-1 b wt.); Group C: Lead (50 mg kg-1 b wt.) and jamun seed extract (JSE) (200 mg kg-1 b wt.); Group D: Lead (50 mg kg-1 b wt.) and orange peel extract (OPE) (200 mg kg-1 b wt.); Group E: OPE (200 mg kg-1 b wt.) and Group F: JSE (200 mg kg-1 b wt.). Serum urea, creatinine and serum uric acid levels were analyzed on days 7 and 14. Rats from Group B showed increased serum creatinine from days 7 to 14. Creatinine level decreased in group C and group D at days 7 and 14 as compared to group B. Increased serum urea was recorded in group B rats from 7 days. Rat from group C or group D showed decreased serum urea after days 7 day and 14 as compared to Group B. Lead exposure to rats provoked increased serum uric acid on days 7 and 14. Uric acid decreased in group C and group D on days 7 and 14 as compared to rats of group B. No alteration in creatinine, urea and uric acid level was seen in OPE and JSE treated rats at days 7 and 14.
PubDate: 2024-11-13
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.70282
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2024)
- Assessing strategy to improve dairy production and milk quality under
smallholder dairying: Evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Eyob Mengesha, Habtamu Lemma Didanna, Asrat Ayza
Pages: e70290 - e70290
Abstract: Little information exists on effectiveness of the approach in the intervention programme delivered to smallholder dairy farmers. A comparative study was conducted to assess milk production and composition in two districts (Doyogena project area and Angacha as a control) and the associated dairy intervention. Data were collected through household survey and milk testing. The average daily milk yield of crossbred dairy cows was 6.91±1.14 litres, which was significantly (p < 0.05) different across districts. The overall mean fat, solids-not-fat, lactose, salts, protein, and total solids (TS) contents of crossbred cows’ milk were 4.71±0.83, 8.85±0.36, 4.87±0.19, 0.72±0.03, 3.23±0.13 and 13.55±0.19 percent, respectively. The milk composition was significantly (p < 0.05) different across the study areas. Milk fat content is higher than the Ethiopian standard (ES); protein is also comparable. The major constraints for dairy production in the study areas were, in descending order, feed shortage in the dry season, land scarcity, lack of improved breeds, market access, and disease prevalence. To make livestock programs more impactful, strong extension and an integrated approach that encompasses improved feeds, breeding, marketing, and better health management are crucial to alleviate the diverse constraints of smallholder dairying while enhancing productivity and the associated food and nutrition security and livelihoods.
PubDate: 2024-11-13
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.70290
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2024)
- Influence of red and white led lamps on the productive performance and egg
quality of commercial laying hens
Authors: Larissa Faria Silveira Moreira, Lázaro Luan Miguel, Maria Isabel Ferreira Santos, Javer Alves Vieira Filho, Rosiane de Souza Camargos, Luiz Carlos Machado, Adriano Geraldo
Pages: e70613 - e70613
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different LED lamp colors (red and white) on the productive performance and egg quality of light laying hens. A total of 144 birds of the commercial strain Hy-Line® W-36 aged 44 weeks were distributed in a completely randomized design with two treatments (red and white LEDs) and 12 replicates, totaling 24 experimental plots with six birds each. Treatment means were compared by the F Test (5% probability) on the statistical software SISVAR. This study found that laying hens under red LED lamps showed a trend of greater egg production bird-1 day-1 (%) (p = 0.084), average egg weight (g) (p = 0.0826), egg mass (p < 0.05), and shell thickness (mm) and height (mm) (p < 0.01), whereas birds under white LED light showed better yolk color (p < 0.05). It is concluded that red LED illumination increases egg production and quality in light laying hens.
PubDate: 2024-11-13
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.70613
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2024)
- Evaluating interventions on broiler chicken health using blood indices and
graphical representation
Authors: Abolfazl Ghaleghafi, Kaveh Jafari Khorshidi, Mohammad Ali Jafari Jafari
Pages: e71260 - e71260
Abstract: Heat stress significantly affects the physiological and performance aspects of broiler chickens, leading to reduced growth, feed intake, and feed efficiency. This research investigates the impact of various dietary additives and supplements on blood serum components in heat-stressed Ross 308 broiler chickens. A completely randomized design with eight treatment groups, each with four replications and 12 birds per replication, was used. Significant differences were found in blood parameters such as glucose, total protein, albumin, uric acid, and AST, as well as in heterophil percentage, lymphocyte count, heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, and bronchitis antibody titers (p < 0.05). Dietary interventions also significantly altered the E. coli population in the cecum (p < 0.05). Diets enriched with coenzyme Q10 and vitamin C notably reduced E. coli populations under heat-stress. However, no significant differences were observed in tibia characteristics (p > 0.05). These results demonstrate the effectiveness of feed additives in mitigating heat stress effects in broiler chickens. We recommend incorporating vitamin C, coenzyme Q10, and Eubiotic supplements to enhance the well-being and performance of broiler chickens under heat stress conditions.
PubDate: 2024-11-13
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.71260
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2024)
- The effects of fenugreek seeds on the albino rat male reproductive system,
MDA and SOD levels, and CD16 responses to Al2O3 NPs administration
Authors: Zainab Rasheed Hameed, Areej Zabbon, Genan Al-Bairuty
Pages: e71295 - e71295
Abstract: Aluminum is widely distributed in the environment and enters the body via air, water, food, medications, and manmade objects. Some studies suggest that aluminum toxicity increases the rate of lipid peroxidation and consequently the generation of free radicals. However, the impact of nanoparticles on human health is still not fully understood. An indicator of lipid peroxidation in serum and tissues is an increased MDA. At the same time, there was a decrease in the level SOD and detection CD16 using the immunohistochemistry technique, objectives evaluating the impact of Al₂O₃ NPs on oxidative stress markers (MDA and SOD) and immune responses (CD16) in the testes, as well as the protective effects of fenugreek seed extract it was observed that these changes in levels recovered when given the plant extract of fenugreek seeds,65 albino rats were divided into 13 groups, including the control group Two concentrations of fenugreek extract (2 and 4 gm kg-1) and two concentrations of Al₂O₃ NPs solution (70 and 140 mg kg-1) were given orally to the rats for 21 and 35 days, respectively. The amino-histochemistry method was used to detect CD16, and its presence was checked along with the concentrations of oxidative stress markers like SOD and MDA. Immunohistochemical findings revealed a significant increase in CD16 in testicular cells; fenugreek extract doses significantly decreased MDA and slightly raised SOD. Al₂O₃ NPs. were shown to significantly raise MDA and decrease SOD at (p ≤ 0.05), according to the study's findings. and Immunohistochemical results detected a significant increase in CD16 in testicular cells, and doses of fenugreek extract reduced the MDA was significant, and a slightly significant increase in SOD. The study concluded Al₂O₃ NPs led to an imbalance in the testicle by generating oxidative stress and the fenugreek extract succeeded in alleviating the harmful effects of Al₂O₃ and by curbing MOD and strengthening the antioxidant defense system SOD, at the same time significantly influenced the histopathological and toxicological change responses through expression CD16.
PubDate: 2024-11-13
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.71295
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2024)
- Molecular identification and phylogenetic study of Toxocara canis in
domestic and stray dogs from Karbala, Iraq
Authors: Bahaa Alaa Farhan AL-Daamy, Mansoor Jadaan Ali Al-khaled
Pages: e71326 - e71326
Abstract: The ascarid nematode, Toxocara canis, which causes Toxocariasis in dogs, is a member of the Toxocaridae family and genus Toxocara, and that is accidentally infects humans. The study was conducted to investigate the presence of T. canis in dogs in Karbala, Iraq. The study extended from January to October, 2023. This project is the first of its kind in Iraq to molecularly detect the parasite in stray dogs in Karbala and to report its prevalence in domestic and stray dogs by utilizing conventional PCR and fecal flotation techniques while controlling for risk factors. One hundred (50 stray and 50 domestic) dog fecal samples were included. The findings revealed that 26 (26%) of the total dog fecal samples were tested positive using the PCR method. In details, the infection rate was 10% in domestic dogs and 42% in stray dogs. Moreover, the rate was 9.3 in adult dogs and 38.5% in puppies. The results showed that age, lifestyle, and infection rate all showed significantly (p < 0.01) correlated relationships in dogs. The correlation between T. canis infection rates and sex was not statistically significant (p > 0.01). The PCR-based sequencing of T. canis isolates indicated a high percentage of similarities with strains from different geographical regions. The study findings indicate higher rates of T. canis infection in adult and puppy stray dogs, explaining the extent of the infection among domestic dogs and stray dogs, using the latest laboratory methods for diagnosis PCR with the use of the phylogenetic tree to show the extent of similarity with species found in neighboring countries. The study findings are important by giving initial epidemiological data for future studies and control of the parasite.
PubDate: 2024-11-13
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.71326
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2024)
- Assessment of the agronomic and nutritional characteristics of sorghum
genotypes with and without brown midrib
Authors: Marielly Maria Almeida Moura, Edson Hiydu Mizobutsi, Daniel Ananias de Assis Pires, Marcos Lopes de Campos, Renê Ferreira Costa, Otaviano de Souza Pires Neto, Leandra Cristina Soares Santos , Martielle Batista Fernandes
Pages: e67709 - e67709
Abstract: The objective was to assess the agronomic characteristics and nutritional value of silages from sorghum genotypes without bmr mutation and carrying the bmr mutation. A total of 14 genotypes were used, 7 of which were conventional (BRS 655, BRS 658, BRS 659, BRS 610, VOLUMAX, 156x947216 and 156x947030) and 7 carrying the bmr6 gene (2014F15641, 2014F15645, 2014F15649, 2014F15653, 2014F15661, 2014F15681 and 2014F15685). The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks – 4 blocks and 14 treatments, totaling 56 experimental plots. The means of the variables were subject to ANOVA through SISVAR; when significant was found, the treatments were compared using the Scott-Knott test at a 5% probability level. There was a difference (p < 0.05) for flowering days and height between genotypes. As for crude protein, mean levels ranged from 11.10 to 14.66% for 2014F15645 and BRS 610. Regardless of the mutation, there was no difference (p > 0.05) between the genotypes carrying the mutation and those not carrying the mutation for lignin and in situ dry matter digestibility. Genotypes BRS 655, BRS 658, BRS 659, BRS 610, VOLUMAX, 2014F15645, 2014F15649, 2014F15661, 2014F15681 and 2014F15685 are more suitable for silage production, as they present higher dry matter production. Regarding ISDMD, all genotypes can be used for silage production.
PubDate: 2024-11-12
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.67709
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2024)
- Effectiveness of using mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and
Cobalt in feeding dry stable cows
Authors: Yurij Kropyvka, Vitalii Bomko, Olena Tytariova, Olena Smetanina
Pages: e69275 - e69275
Abstract: The purpose of the investigation was to determine the optimal dose of mixed ligand complexes of zinc, manganese, and cobalt in the ration of dry stable cows in the first and second dry periods. To cover the deficiency of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt, different levels of mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt were introduced into the premix. During the dry period, the feeding of cows undergoes changes. During the early dry stable period in cows, feed mixtures with the lowest content of biologically active substances should be used for their feeding, namely, in 1 kg of DM, mg: Zinc and Manganese - 31.5; Cobalt - 0.41 due to mixed ligand complexes. Instead, during the late dry period, they need a higher concentration of these trace elements due to mixed ligand complexes in dry matter: Zinc and Manganese - 35 mg; Cobalt - 0.49 mg. A mandatory condition is to ensure the indicated level of trace elements due to their mixed-ligand complexes. With such feeding, a decrease in the need for labor assistance, the length of the service period and the number of inseminations per successful fertilization, an increase in the productivity.
PubDate: 2024-11-12
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.69275
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2024)
- Validation of enteric methane emissions by cattle estimated from
mathematical models using data from in vivo experiments
Authors: Isabel Molina-Botero, Medardo Díaz-Céspedes, Olga Mayorga-Mogollón, Juan Ku-Vera, Jeyder Arceo-Castillo, María Denisse Montoya-Flores, Jacobo Arango, Carlos Gómez-Bravo
Pages: e69328 - e69328
Abstract: Several authors have developed equations to estimate methane (CH4) emissions by cattle according to variables such as dry matter and nutrient intake, live weight, or weight gain. Mathematical models using these variables show a large variability of results, being necessary to identify those which provide more precise and accurate predictions. For this reason, the objective of this study was to validate enteric CH4 emissions estimated from mathematical models through a comparison with a database of CH4 emissions obtained from cattle experiments carried out in tropical regions. A database of 495 individual cattle CH4 emissions data (g day-1) obtained from 19 studies in three tropical Latin American countries was built for this study. Results showed that mathematical models developed for cattle in tropical production systems overestimated CH4 emissions when they were compared with our database. The mathematical model with higher precision and accuracy was the one that included dry matter intake and organic matter digestibility in the equation (Equation 7. R2=0.34, Cb=0.94, CCC=0.55, RMSE=60.8%, r=0.58), followed by models that included neutral detergent fiber intake data (Equation 5). Our data did not show a relationship between CH4 emissions and gross energy intake or live weight.
PubDate: 2024-11-12
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.69328
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2024)
- No effects of tactile stimulation on welfare indicators of Saanen goat
kids: a pilot study
Authors: Mayara Andrioli, Joseph Kaled Grajales-Cedeño , Monique Valéria de Lima Carvalhal, Mateus José Rodrigues Paranhos da Costa
Pages: e69820 - e69820
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of tactile stimulation on the welfare of goat kids. Thirty-six goat kids were allocated into three treatments as follows: TSG = taking the goat kids out of the cage every day when they received tactile stimulation, RCG = taking the goat kids out of the cage for 5 s, and NRS = not taking the goat kids out of the cage nor receiving tactile stimulation. TSG goat kids received tactile stimulation once a day, for two minutes, from the 3rd to the 40th day. Goat kids' welfare was assessed by considering performance, health, and behavioral indicators. During the voluntary approach test, 96.5% of the goat kids voluntarily approached familiar and unfamiliar humans. There were significant effects only on the interaction between treatment and age on time spent in the corners and time playing (KW = 27.54 and 47.83, p < 0.01, respectively). We conclude that tactile stimulation did not affect any of the welfare indicators addressed in this study.
PubDate: 2024-11-12
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.69820
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2024)
- Testicular histomorphology, sperm and testicular morphometric evaluation
of glyphosate exposed rabbit bucks treated with hydro-alcoholic leaf
extract of Newbouldia laevis
Authors: Anietie Archibong Ansa, Chioma Vivian Odegbunam, Ogechi Grace John, Favour Ifeoma Obidike
Pages: e69932 - e69932
Abstract: This study investigated the effect of glyphosate exposure on some male reproductive parameters and the potential protective effects of Newbouldia laevis leaf (NBL) extract. The 36 rabbits used for the study were randomized into four treatment groups (control, glyphosate-only, glyphosate + NBL 100 mg and glyphosate + NBL 200 mg) in a completely randomized design. From the results, glyphosate was found to significantly impair all measured semen parameters. Testicular morphometric analysis revealed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in some testicular parameters due to glyphosate exposure. Histological examination of testes in the glyphosate-only group revealed severe disruptions in testicular architecture, likely contributing to the observed decrease in semen quality. Conversely, NBL treatment led to significant enhancement in spermatogenic activity, resulting in higher sperm count, motility, volume, libido, live sperm, and improved sperm morphology when compared to the herbicide-exposed group. NBL-treated groups exhibited significant (p < 0.05) increase in testicular circumference, width, and epididymal length. NBL extract also restored testicular architecture and ameliorated herbicide-induced histological changes. Therefore, the potential protective effects of Newbouldia laevis leaf extract on herbicide-induced reproductive dysfunction could pave the way for novel natural interventions to counteract the negative consequences of herbicide exposure.
PubDate: 2024-11-12
DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v47i1.69932
Issue No: Vol. 47, No. 1 (2024)
