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Advanced Fiber Materials
Number of Followers: 0  Subscription journalISSN (Print) 2524-7921 - ISSN (Online) 2524-793X Published by Springer-Verlag  [2467 journals]
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- Ultrasensitive, Highly Selective, Integrated Multidimensional Sensor Based
on a Rigid-Flexible Synergistic Stretchable Substrate-
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Abstract: High-performance wearable sensors that detect complex, multidimensional signals are indispensable in practical applications. Most existing sensors can only detect axial deformations or single stimuli, dramatically limiting their application fields. In this study, anisotropic strain and deformation-insensitive pressure sensors were effectively constructed based on a rigid-flexible synergistic stretchable substrate. Furthermore, we developed a three-dimensional integrated sensor with highly directional selective sensing through reasonable design and assembly. This integrated sensor recognizes the amplitude and direction of strain in the plane with a maximum gauge factor of 635 and an unprecedented selectivity of 13.99. Additionally, this device can also monitor the pressure outside the plane with a sensitivity of 0.277 kPa−1. We further investigated the working mechanism of sensor anisotropy and confirmed the application of the sensor in detecting complex multifreedom human joint movements. This research discovery provides new ideas and methods for developing multidimensional sensors, which is essential for broadening the application field of wearable electronic products. Graphical
PubDate: 2023-03-27
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- Nanofiber Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries
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Abstract: The lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery has received considerable attention in the field of energy conversion and storage due to its high energy density and eco-friendliness. Significant academic and commercial progress has been made in Li-ion battery technologies. One area of advancement has been the addition of nanofiber materials to Li-ion batteries due to their unique and desirable structural features including large aspect ratios, high surface areas, controllable chemical compositions, and abundant composite forms. In the past few decades, considerable research efforts have been devoted to constructing advanced nanofiber materials possessing conductive networks to facilitate efficient electron transport and large specific surface areas to support catalytically active sites, both for the purpose of boosting electrochemical performance. Herein, we focus on recent advancements of nanofiber materials with carefully designed structures and enhanced electrochemical properties for use in Li-ion batteries. The synthesis, structure, and properties of nanofiber cathodes, anodes, separators, and electrolytes, and their applications in Li-ion batteries are discussed. The research challenges and prospects of nanofiber materials in Li-ion battery applications are delineated. Graphic
PubDate: 2023-03-24
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- Calotropis gigantea Fiber-Based Sensitivity-Tunable Strain Sensors with
Insensitive Response to Wearable Microclimate Changes-
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Abstract: Wearable tensile strain sensors have attracted substantial research interest due to their great potential in applications for the real-time detection of human motion and health through the construction of body-sensing networks. Conventional devices, however, are constantly demonstrated in non-real world scenarios, where changes in body temperature and humidity are ignored, which results in questionable sensing accuracy and reliability in practical applications. In this work, a fabric-like strain sensor is developed by fabricating graphene-modified Calotropis gigantea yarn and elastic yarn (i.e. Spandex) into an independently crossed structure, enabling the sensor with tunable sensitivity by directly altering the sensor width. The sensor possesses excellent breathability, allowing water vapor generated by body skin to be discharged into the environment (the water evaporation rate is approximately 2.03 kg m−2 h−1) and creating a pleasing microenvironment between the sensor and the skin by avoiding the hindering of perspiration release. More importantly, the sensor is shown to have a sensing stability towards changes in temperature and humidity, implementing sensing reliability against complex and changeable wearable microclimate. By wearing the sensor at various locations of the human body, a full-range body area sensing network for monitoring various body movements and vital signs, such as speaking, coughing, breathing and walking, is successfully demonstrated. It provides a new route for achieving wearing-comfortable, high-performance and sensing-reliable strain sensors. Graphical
PubDate: 2023-03-17
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- Hierarchical Fabric Emitter for Highly Efficient Passive Radiative Heat
Release-
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Abstract: Intense heat waves pose a serious threat to public health and well-being, especially in outdoor spaces. Outdoor high-temperature environments without air conditioners are major challenges for humanity. However, an achievable approach that can provide outdoor cooling without consuming any energy is lacking. Hence, this work presents a novel hierarchical fabric emitter (HFET) used for sunshade sheds to provide radiative outdoor cooling for humanity, the HFET is composed of polyethylene/silicon dioxide/silicon nitride film, melt-blown polypropylene film, and polydimethylsiloxane film from top to bottom. In addition to reflecting 94% solar irradiance by its top surface, the HFET shows selective emission (0.82 in the atmospheric window and 0.38 outside the atmospheric window) on its top surface to outer space and broadband absorption (0.80 in the longwave infrared band) on its bottom surface from the inside. This bidirectional asymmetric emission enables the simulated skin to avoid overheating by 2–11 °C relative to the reverse HFET and bare cases under direct sunlight. Due to its excellent cooling capability, the HFET will be one of the most considerable solutions for outdoor cooling in hot summer environments. Graphical
PubDate: 2023-03-16
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- N-Cadherin-Functionalized Nanofiber Hydrogel Facilitates Spinal Cord
Injury Repair by Building a Favorable Niche for Neural Stem Cells-
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Abstract: The inhospitable niche at the injury site after spinal cord injury (SCI) brings several challenges to neural stem cell (NSC) therapy, such as limited NSC retention and neuronal differentiation. Biomaterial-based stem cell transplantation has become a promising strategy for building a favorable niche to stem cells. Herein, an aligned fibrin nanofiber hydrogel modified with N-Cadherin-Fc (AFGN) was fabricated by electrospinning and biochemical conjugation to deliver NSCs for SCI repair. The AFGN hydrogel provides multimodal cues, including oriented nanofibrous topography, soft stiffness, and specific cell binding ligand, for directing NSC functions and nerve regeneration. The conjugated N-Cadherin-Fc recapitulated the homophilic cell–cell interaction for NSCs’ adhesion on AFGN and modulated cellular mechanosensing in response to AFGN for NSC differentiation. In addition, the AFGN hydrogel carrying exogenous NSCs was implanted in a rat 2 mm-long complete transected SCI model and significantly promoted the grafted NSCs retention, immunomodulation, neuronal differentiation, and in vivo integration with inherent neurons, thus finally achieved renascent neural relay formation and an encouraging locomotor functional recovery. Altogether, this study represents a valuable strategy for boosting NSC-based therapy in SCI regeneration by engineering an NSC-specific niche. Graphical abstract
PubDate: 2023-03-13
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- Highly Efficient, Dual-Functional Self-Assembled Electrospun Nanofiber
Filters for Simultaneous PM Removal and On-Site Eye-Readable Formaldehyde
Sensing-
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Abstract: Air pollution containing particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds has caused magnificent burdens on individual health and global economy. Although advances in highly efficient or multifunctional nanofiber filters have been achieved, many existing filters can only deal with one type of air pollutant, such as capturing PM or absorbing and detecting toxic gas. Here, highly efficient, dual-functional, self-assembled electrospun nanofiber (SAEN) filters were developed for simultaneous PM removal and onsite eye-readable formaldehyde sensing fabricated on a commercial fabric mask. With the use of an electrolyte solution containing a formaldehyde-sensitive colorimetric agent as a collector during electrospinning, the one-step fabrication of the dual-functional SAEN filter on commercial masks, such as a fabric mask and a daily disposable mask, was achieved. The electrolyte solution also allowed the uniform deposition of electrospun nanofibers, thereby achieving the high efficiency of PM filtration with an increased quality factor up to twice that of commercial masks. The SAEN filter enabled onsite and eye-readable formaldehyde gas detection by changing its color from yellow to red under a 5 ppm concentrated formaldehyde gas atmosphere. The repetitive fabrication and detachment of the SAEN filter on a fabric mask minimized the waste of the mask while maintaining high filtration efficiency by replenishing the SAEN filters and reusing the fabric mask. Given the dual functionality of SAEN filters, this process could provide new insights into designing and developing high performance and dual-functional electrospun nanofiber filters for various applications, including individual protection and indoor purification applications. Graphical
PubDate: 2023-03-09
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- High Solar Energy Absorption and Human Body Radiation Reflection Janus
Textile for Personal Thermal Management-
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Abstract: A large of energy consumption is required for indoor and outdoor personal heating to ameliorate the comfortable and healthy conditions. Main personal thermal management strategy is to reflect mid-infrared human body radiation for human surface temperature (THS) regulation. We demonstrate a visible Janus light absorbent/reflective air-layer fabric (Janus A/R fabric) that can passively reflect radiative heating meanwhile can actively capture the solar energy. A series of azobenzene derivatives functionalized with alkyl tails are reported to co-harvest the solar and phase-change energy. The THS covered by Janus A/R fabric can be heated up to ~ 3.7 °C higher than that covered by air-layer fabric in cold environment (5 °C). Besides, integrating the thermo- and photo-chromic properties is capable of monitoring comfort THS and residue energy storage enthalpy, respectively. According to the colour monitors, intermittent irradiation approach is proposed to prolong comfortable-THS holding time for managing energy efficiently. Graphical For the personal thermal management, we fabricate a visible Janus light absorbent/reflective fabric, which can actively capture solar energy and passively reflect the human radiation reflection (MIR). The solar energy can be released as heat to actively warm human surface temperature up, and the reflective MIR can passively heat the human body. The surface temperature and residue energy storage can be monitored by distinct colour change.
PubDate: 2023-03-08
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- Water Responsive Fabrics with Artificial Leaf Stomata
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Abstract: Due to fiber swelling, textile fabrics containing hygroscopic fibers tend to decrease pore size under wet or increasing humidity and moisture conditions, the reverse being true. Nevertheless, for personal thermal regulation and comfort, the opposite is desirable, namely, increasing the fabric pore size under increasing humid and sweating conditions for enhanced ventilation and cooling, and a decreased pore size under cold and dry conditions for heat retention. This paper describes a novel approach to create such an unconventional fabric by emulating the structure of the plant leaf stomata by designing a water responsive polymer system in which the fabric pores increase in size when wet and decrease in size when dry. The new fabric increases its moisture permeability over 50% under wet conditions. Such a water responsive fabric can find various applications including smart functional clothing and sportswear. Graphical
PubDate: 2023-03-08
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- Superhydrophilic Polydopamine-Modified Carbon-Fiber Membrane with Rapid
Seawater-Transferring Ability for Constructing Efficient Hanging-Model
Evaporator-
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Abstract: Solar-driven seawater desalination has attracted much attention for alleviating global freshwater shortage, but the practical application is often limited by complicated fabrication processes, unsatisfactory seawater-transferring and severe salt accumulation on the photothermal membranes. To solve these problems, hydrophobic industrial-grade carbon fiber membrane (CFM) with good photoabsorption was surface-modified with polydopamine (PDA) to prepare superhydrophilic CFM@PDA for the construction of efficient hanging-model evaporators without salt accumulation. The coating of PDA on CFM is realized by simple self-polymerization of dopamine, and the as-prepared CFM@PDA exhibits high solar absorption efficiency of 96.7%, good photothermal effect and superhydrophilicity. Especially, when CFM@PDA is hanging between two water tanks (one contains seawater and the other is empty) in a flat hanging-model evaporator, it can transport seawater at a high rate (26.35 g/h) which is 3.6 times that (7.28 g/h) of commercial cotton fabric. Under simulated sunlight (1.0 kW m−2) irradiation, CFM@PDA shows a high evaporation rate of 1.79 kg m−2 h−1 with a solar evaporation efficiency of 92.6%. Even if NaCl solution with a high concentration (21.0 wt%) is used for the evaporation, the hanging CFM@PDA can retain a high evaporation rate (~ 1.80 kg m−2 h−1) without salt accumulation during the long-time test (8 h), which is significantly better than that of the tradition floating model. Therefore, this study not only demonstrates the simple preparation of superhydrophilic CFM@PDA, but also promotes the further practical applications of hanging-model evaporators for continuous salt-free desalination. Graphical
PubDate: 2023-03-07
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- Review on Fiber-Based Thermoelectrics: Materials, Devices, and Textiles
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Abstract: With the development and prosperity of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, wearable electronics have brought fresh changes to our lives. The demands for low power consumption and mini-type wearable power systems for wearable electronics are more urgent than ever. Thermoelectric materials can efficiently convert the temperature difference between body and environment into electrical energy without the need for mechanical components, making them one of the ideal candidates for wearable power systems. In recent years, a variety of high-performance thermoelectric materials and processes for the preparation of large-scale single-fiber devices have emerged, driving the application of flexible fiber-based thermoelectric generators. By weaving thermoelectric fibers into a textile that conforms to human skin, it can achieve stable operation for long periods even when the human body is in motion. In this review, the complete process from thermoelectric materials to single-fiber/yarn devices to thermoelectric textiles is introduced comprehensively. Strategies for enhancing thermoelectric performance, processing techniques for fiber devices, and the wide applications of thermoelectric textiles are summarized. In addition, the challenges of ductile thermoelectric materials, system integration, and specifications are discussed, and the relevant developments in this field are prospected. Graphical abstract
PubDate: 2023-03-06
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- Versatile Recyclable Kevlar Nanofibrous Aerogels Enabled by Destabilizing
Dynamic Balance Strategy-
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Abstract: Aerogels are of great interest in diverse fields including thermal insulation, environmental protection, liquid separation, electromagnetic shielding, etc. However, the development of renewable and recyclable aerogels, especially synthetic polymer-based ones, remains an enormous challenge, which seriously hinders the practical application of aerogels. Herein, utilizing Kevlar nanofibers (KNFs) as representative synthetic polymer building blocks, a destabilizing dynamic balance (DDB) strategy is proposed to fabricate recyclable aerogels with high reprocessing consistency. More specifically, aprotic esters (e.g., di-tert-butyl decarbonate, DiBoc) and alkalis (e.g., potassium tert-butoxide, t-BuOK) are introduced to trigger the destabilizing dynamic balance between deprotonation–protonation of KNFs, resulting in a reversible sol–gel transition. Meanwhile, the duration of sol–gel transition (i.e., gelation) time, adjustable from 10–2 to 103 min, is compatible with versatile processing methods, such as static mould casting, dynamic wet spinning, dynamic blade coating and dynamic 3D printing. These unique advantages enable the fabrication of various KNF aerogel products (i.e., continuous fibers, continuous films, large-sized monoliths and 3D-printed articles) with low density (33–165 mg/cm3), high compressive modulus (up to 52 MPa), high specific surface area (360–404 m2/g) and low thermal conductivity (0.027–0.050 W/m·K). Notably, these properties are comparable or superior to that of previously reported KNF aerogels and far superior to that of recyclable aerogels. Compared with direct fabrication from raw materials, the DDB strategy reduces the cost by 50.5% and 82.5% when products are made from recycled aerogels and wet gels, respectively. Such cost reduction further increases with the number of recycling cycles, which is calculated as $275 per kilogram KNF aerogel with 5 cycles. This work develops extraordinary KNF aerogels those can be recycled and reused, as well as provides a strategy that can be applied to design more recyclable aerogels. Graphical
PubDate: 2023-03-06
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- Hyperelastic Graphene Aerogels Reinforced by In-suit Welding Polyimide
Nano Fiber with Leaf Skeleton Structure and Adjustable Thermal
Conductivity for Morphology and Temperature Sensing-
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Abstract: Graphene-aerogel-based flexible sensors have heat tolerances and electric-resistance sensitivities superior to those of polymer-based sensors. However, graphene sheets are prone to slips under repeated compression due to inadequate chemical connections. In addition, the heat-transfer performance of existing compression strain sensors under stress is unclear and lacks research, making it difficult to perform real-temperature detections. To address these issues, a hyperelastic polyimide fiber/graphene aerogel (PINF/GA) with a three-dimensional interconnected structure was fabricated by simple one-pot compounding and in-situ welding methods. The welding of fiber lap joints promotes in-suit formation of three-dimensional crosslinked networks of polyimide fibers, which can effectively avoid slidings between fibers to form reinforced ribs, preventing graphene from damage during compression. In particular, the inner core of the fiber maintains its macromolecular chain structure and toughness during welding. Thus, PINF/GA has good structural stabilities under a large strain compression (99%). Moreover, the thermal and electrical conductivities of PINF/GA could not only change with various stresses and strains but also keep the change steady at specific stresses and strains, with its thermal-conductivity change ratio reaching up to 9.8. Hyperelastic PINF/GA, with dynamically stable thermal and electrical conductivity, as well as high heat tolerance, shows broad application prospects as sensors in detecting the shapes and temperatures of unknown objects in extreme environments. Graphical Polyimide fibers in graphene aerogel are in-suit welded to fabricate a composite with excellent hyperelasticity and adjustable thermal conductivity for artificial intelligence sensing over a wide temperature range.
PubDate: 2023-02-27
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- All-Fiber Integrated Thermoelectrically Powered Physiological Monitoring
Biosensor-
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Abstract: Advanced fabric electronics for long-term personal physiological monitoring, with a self-sufficient energy source, high integrity, sensitivity, wearing comfort, and homogeneous components are urgently desired. Instead of assembling a self-powered biosensor, comprising a variety of materials with different levels of hardness, and supplementing with a booster or energy storage device, herein, an all-fiber integrated thermoelectrically powered physiological monitoring device (FPMD), is proposed and evaluated for production at an industrial scale. For the first time, an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) biosensor is enabled by thermoelectric fabrics (TEFs) adaptively, sustainably and steadily without any additional accessories. Moreover, both the OECT and TEFs are constructed using a cotton/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)/dimethylsulfoxide/(3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (PDG) yarn, which is lightweight, robust (90° bending for 1000 cycles) and sweat-resistant (ΔR/R0 = 1.9%). A small temperature gradient (ΔT = 2.2 K) between the environment and the human body can drive the high-gain OECT (71.08 mS) with high fidelity, and a good signal to noise ratio. For practical applications, the on-body FPMD produced an enduring and steady output signal and demonstrated a linear monitoring region (sensitivity of 30.4 NCR (normalized current response)/dec, 10 nM ~ 50 µM) for glucose in artificial sweat with reliable performance regarding anti-interference and reproducibility. This device can be expanded to the monitoring of various biomarkers and provides a new strategy for constructing wearable, comfortable, highly integrated and self-powered biosensors. Graphical abstract An all fiber integrated thermoelectric powering-physiological monitoring device (FPMD) consisted of thermoelectric fabrics (TEFs) and fiber-assembled organic electrochemical transistor (FOECT) is constructed from a PDF/cotton yarn, which was lightweight, robust (90° bending for 1000 cycles), sweat-resist (ΔR/R0 = 1.9%) and highly conductive (247 S/cm). A FOECT gm reaching up to 71.08 mS was first reported which operated continuously and steadily under a small temperature gradient (ΔT = 2.2K).The FPMD showed excellent homogeneity and structural uniformity and the on-body applications (ΔT = 2.2K) demonstrate the FPMD is able to monitor glucose in the range of 10 nM ~ 50 µM (a sensitivity of 30.4 NCR/dec).
PubDate: 2023-02-23
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- Recent Progress of Graphene Fiber/Fabric Supercapacitors: From Building
Block Architecture, Fiber Assembly, and Fabric Construction to Wearable
Applications-
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Abstract: High-performance fiber-shaped power sources are anticipated to considerably contribute to the continuous development of smart wearable devices. As one-/two-dimensional (1D/2D) frameworks constructed from graphene sheets, graphene fibers and fabrics inherit the merits of graphene, including its lightweight nature, high electrical conductivity, and exceptional mechanical strength. The as-fabricated graphene fiber/fabric flexible supercapacitor (FSC) is, therefore, regarded as a promising candidate for next-generation wearable energy storage devices owing to its high energy/power density, adequate safety, satisfactory flexibility, and extended cycle life. The gap between practical applications and experimental demonstrations of FSC is drastically reduced as a result of technological advancements. To this end, herein, recent advancements of FSCs in fiber element regulation, fiber/fabric construction, and practical applications are methodically reviewed and a forecast of their growth is presented. Graphical
PubDate: 2023-02-20
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- Assembly of Nanowires into Macroscopic One-Dimensional Fibers in Liquid
State-
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Abstract: Natural structural materials, such as spider silk, wood, and bone, are universally acknowledged as the gold standard for the ideal combinations of strength and toughness. The exceptional integrated performance of these biological materials can be ascribed to their multiscale hierarchical architectures and components. Mimicking the hierarchical assembly feature of natural materials, artificial fibers, which are generated through the one-dimensional (1D) assembly of nanowires, have been widely reported with remarkable flexibility and functionality. Furthermore, the distinguishing feature of nanowires’ 1D assembly can bridge the unique properties of nanowires with their potential functional applications. This tutorial review summarizes the recent developments in the assembly of nanowires into macroscopic 1D fibers in the liquid state. We begin by introducing the general strategies and mechanisms for assembling nanowires in one direction and then, illustrate their potential applications in energy storage, sensors, biomedical engineering, etc. Finally, a brief summary and some personal perspectives on the future research directions of nanowires’ 1D assembly are also proposed. Graphical
PubDate: 2023-02-20
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- Elastic Fiber-Reinforced Silk Fibroin Scaffold with A Double-Crosslinking
Network for Human Ear-Shaped Cartilage Regeneration-
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Abstract: Tissue engineering provides a promising approach for regenerative medicine. The ideal engineered tissue should have the desired structure and functional properties suitable for uniform cell distribution and stable shape fidelity in the full period of in vitro culture and in vivo implantation. However, due to insufficient cell infiltration and inadequate mechanical properties, engineered tissue made from porous scaffolds may have an inconsistent cellular composition and a poor shape retainability, which seriously hinders their further clinical application. In this study, silk fibroin was integrated with silk short fibers with a physical and chemical double-crosslinking network to fabricate fiber-reinforced silk fibroin super elastic absorbent sponges (Fr-SF-SEAs). The Fr-SF-SEAs exhibited the desirable synergistic properties of a honeycomb structure, hygroscopicity and elasticity, which allowed them to undergo an unconventional cyclic compression inoculation method to significantly promote cell diffusion and achieve a uniform cell distribution at a high-density. Furthermore, the regenerated cartilage of the Fr-SF-SEAs scaffold withstood a dynamic pressure environment after subcutaneous implantation and maintained its precise original structure, ultimately achieving human-scale ear-shaped cartilage regeneration. Importantly, the SF-SEAs preparation showed valuable universality in combining chemicals with other bioactive materials or drugs with reactive groups to construct microenvironment bionic scaffolds. The established novel cell inoculation method is highly versatile and can be readily applied to various cells. Based on the design concept of dual-network Fr-SF-SEAs scaffolds, homogenous and mature cartilage was successfully regenerated with precise and complicated shapes, which hopefully provides a platform strategy for tissue engineering for various cartilage defect repairs. Graphical
PubDate: 2023-02-20
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- Fiber-Shaped Soft Actuators: Fabrication, Actuation Mechanism and
Application-
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Abstract: As mechanical devices for moving or controlling mechanisms or systems, actuators have attracted increasing attention in various fields. Compared to traditional actuators with rigid structures, soft actuators made up of stimulus-responsive soft materials are more adaptable to complex working conditions due to soft bodies and diverse control styles. Different from plate-shaped soft actuators, which have the limited deformations between two dimensional (2D) and 3D-configurations such as bending and twisting, fiber-shaped soft actuators (FSAs) own intriguing deformation modes to satisfy diverse practical applications. In this mini review, the recent progress on the controlled fabrication of the FSAs is presented. The advantages and disadvantages of each fabrication method are also demonstrated. Subsequently, the as-developed actuation mechanisms of the FSAs are displayed. Additionally, typical examples of the related applications of the FSAs in different fields have been discussed. Finally, an outlook on the development tendency of the FSAs is put forward as well. Graphical A mini review concerns the recent progress of fiber-shaped soft actuators (FSAs) on the fabrication technology, actuation principle and application. In addition, an outlook on the development tendency of the FSAs is made.
PubDate: 2023-02-20
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- Dry Fiber-Based Electrodes for Electrophysiology Applications
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Abstract: Long-term continuous health care monitoring, using wearable technologies has received considerable interest due to the significant contribution of wearables to the diagnosis of diseases and identification of health conditions. Fibers have been widely applied in human societies due to their unique advantages, including stretchability, small diameters, high dynamic bending elasticity, high length-to-width ratios, and mechanical strength. A new generation of fiber-based electrodes is being integrated into smart textiles and wearables for continuous long-term biosignal monitoring. Dry fiber-based electrodes are breathable, flexible, and durable, unlike conventional disposable gel electrodes, which are difficult to employ for long-term applications because of skin irritation and allergic responses caused by their moist and adhesive interface with the skin. In this review, we provide a concise summary of recent breakthroughs in the design, and manufacturing of dry fiber-based electrodes for electrophysiology applications, with a particular emphasis on applications in electrocardiography, electromyography, and electroencephalography. Focusing on numerous features of electroactive fiber materials, fiber processing, electrode fabrication, scaled-up manufacturing, standardization of testing and performance criteria, we discuss current limitations and provide an outlook for the future development of this field. Graphical
PubDate: 2023-02-16
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- Ta3N5/CdS Core–Shell S-scheme Heterojunction Nanofibers for Efficient
Photocatalytic Removal of Antibiotic Tetracycline and Cr(VI): Performance
and Mechanism Insights-
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Abstract: Ta3N5/CdS core–shell S-scheme heterojunction nanofibers are fabricated by in situ growing CdS nanodots on Ta3N5 nanofibers via a simple wet-chemical method. These Ta3N5/CdS nanofibers not only affords superior photocatalytic tetracycline degradation and mineralization performance, but also cause an efficient photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction performance. The creation of favorable core–shell fiber-shaped S-scheme hetero-structure with tightly contacted interface and the maximum interface contact area promises the effective photo-carrier disintegration and the optimal photo-redox capacity synchronously, thus leading to the preeminent photo-redox ability. Some critical environmental factors on the photo-behavior of Ta3N5/CdS are also evaluated in view of the complexity of the authentic aquatic environment. The degradation products of tetracycline were confirmed by HPLC–MS analyses. Furthermore, the effective decline in eco-toxicity of TC intermediates is confirmed by QSAR calculation. This work provides cutting-edge guidelines for the design of high-performance Ta3N5-based S-scheme heterojunction nanofibers for environment restoration. Graphical abstract
PubDate: 2023-02-16
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- A Review of Durable Flame-Retardant Fabrics by Finishing: Fabrication
Strategies and Challenges-
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Abstract: Fabrics with durable flame retardancy are of great importance for preventing potential fire threats in daily life. This review presents a comprehensive discussion of advances in durable flame-retardant fabrics by finishing over the decade. The environmentally sustainable and toxicologically acceptable strategies for improving the durable flame retardancy of fabrics are classified into six types:. (i) the formation of covalent bonds, (ii) the formation of crosslinking networks, (iii) the formation of water-insoluble products, (iv) the use of adhesive layers, (v) the construction of hydrophobic layers, and (vi) the intercalation of flame-retardants into fibres. The design principles, methodologies, and existing problems of different fabrication strategies for imparting durable flame retardancy are summarized and reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of each strategy are critically discussed. The current challenges and future opportunities are also proposed based on the current market requirements and state-of-the-art technologies. Many recent methodologies have great potential for replacing the conventional durable flame-retardant processes of cellulosic textiles. Graphical
PubDate: 2023-02-15
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