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Advanced Fiber Materials
Number of Followers: 0  Subscription journalISSN (Print) 2524-7921 - ISSN (Online) 2524-793X Published by Springer-Verlag  [2468 journals]
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- Two-Dimensional Materials in Textiles
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Abstract: Textiles, ranging from individual fibers to assembled yarns and fabrics, have long served diverse functions in apparel and across several industrial sectors. In pursuit of enhanced functionalities, the textile community is constantly exploring possible advancements as presented by emerging materials, which leads to frequent convergence of the textile community with the materials–science community in an interdisciplinary manner. Over the past two decades, the advent of two-dimensional (2D) materials, which are characterized by quantum confinement on the thickness direction and their resulting spectacular physical and chemical properties, has provided substantial opportunities to enhance technical performances of various textile products. Demonstrated applications span across diverse domains, including electronics, biomedicine, aerospace, environment, and energy. This review comprehensively surveys the recent developments on this topic, starting with various categories of 2D materials and their pertinent properties relevant to textile integration. Later, the discussion extends to a group of materials–integration techniques for textiles, while more focus is put on the fiber-spinning and surface-deposition protocols. Subsequently we delve into a variety of emerging applications as reported in literature, and in the end, we conclude with an assessment of technological constraints and the associated commercial prospects of these 2D-material/textile systems. Graphical abstract
PubDate: 2024-08-05
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- A Molecular Confine-Induced Charged Fiber for Fog Harvesting
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Abstract: Harvesting fog composed of differently charged droplets offers a potential solution to freshwater crises. Leveraging electrostatic attraction between charged surfaces and droplets to enhance capture efficiency represents an efficacious approach for achieving efficient fog harvesting. However, existing strategies to enhance electrostatic attraction by introducing charges on the surface pose persistence challenges. Here, an asymmetric wettability polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber (named Janus-PAN) with stable high surface potential via in-situ molecular confined modification is proposed for fog harvesting. By coupling the high capture efficiency generated by persistent electrostatic interaction and the directional self-driven transport supported by wettability gradient, Janus-PAN achieves a water collection rate (WCR) of 1775 mg/cm2/h, which is 2.6 times higher than that of fibers with low surface potential and no wetting gradient. Moreover, the potential application of the Janus-PAN harp in agricultural irrigation is demonstrated. The previously unreported surface potential control strategy shown here can potentially upgrade the fiber-based fog harvesting materials. Graphical
PubDate: 2024-08-05
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- Breathable Wearable Electronics by 3D Liquid Diode
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Abstract: Abstract Wearable electronics, poised to revolutionize real-time health monitoring, encounter significant challenges due to sweat accumulation, including skin irritation, peeling, short circuits, and corrosion. A groundbreaking study published in Nature presents a sustainable solution: three-dimensional (3D) liquid diodes that effectively pump sweat away, thereby maintaining the wearables’ breathability and stable sensing of biometrics or environments without getting messed up by perspiration. This advancement has immense potential for the development of comfortable and skin-friendly intelligent wearable technologies that seamlessly incorporate sophisticated electronics even in sweaty conditions.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
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- Calcium–Oxygen Fiber Batteries for Next-Generation Wearables
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Abstract: Abstract Fiber batteries that can be woven into textiles are attractive as flexible power solutions to supply future wearable electronics. A rechargeable calcium–oxygen (Ca–O2) battery which can operate at room temperature has been recently reported, revealing a new understanding on the efficient two-electron redox chemistry. The stable Ca–O2 fiber battery was finely integrated into flexible textile batteries for next-generation wearable systems.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
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- A Twisting Fabrication Process for Wearable Electronic Devices
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Abstract: Abstract The advancement of integrated circuits has made it easier to reduce the size of increasingly potent wearable electronic devices. However, it is still difficult to seamlessly integrate electronic systems enabling unrestricted human behavior into wearable gadgets. The procedure of creating fiber devices by twisting fiber electrodes and incorporating them into textile systems is exhibited in recent work. These textile systems are highly resilient and flexible, which makes them ideal for various wearable applications, i.e., thread lithium-ion batteries (TLIBs), multi-ply sensing threads (MSTs), and thread electroluminescent devices (TELDs).
PubDate: 2024-08-01
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- Fusing Fibre Batteries Interface via Biomimetic Gel Electrolyte
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Abstract: The energy supply of rising electronic textile can resort to gel-based fibre batteries attributed to their flexibility and safety. However, their electrochemical performance is plagued by the poor electrolyte–electrode interface. Recently, Peng et al. designed channel structures to accommodate gel electrolyte yielding intimate and stable interfaces for high-performance fibre batteries. Encompassing excellent electrochemical performance, stability, safety and large-scale productivity, the as-fabricated fibre lithium-ion batteries (FLBs) demonstrated the potential to supply energy for textile electronics. Graphical
PubDate: 2024-08-01
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- Intelligent Textiles for Visual and Smart Interaction
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Abstract: Abstract The fiberization and integration of electronic devices into textiles represent an important strategy to design wearable and comfortable intelligent systems. However, the function realization of existing intelligent textiles often depends on complex and rigid silicon-based computation components, which have posed significant challenges in terms of integration, energy consumption and user comfort. This has spurred the need for a paradigm shift towards more seamless and efficient solutions. The advent of chipless interactive textile electronics presents a promising pathway for overcoming these challenges and unlocking new possibilities in wearable technology.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
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- Arch-Bridge Photothermal Fabric with Efficient Warp-Direction Water Paths
for Continuous Solar Desalination-
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Abstract: The interfacial solar evaporator is a key technology for eco-friendly desalination, playing a crucial role in alleviating the global water scarcity crisis. However, limitation of photothermal water evaporation efficiency persists due to inadequate water transfer at the water-steam interface. Herein, we present a new type of scalable and recyclable arch bridge photothermal fabric with efficient warp-direction water paths by a convenient shuttle-flying weaving technique. Compared to the previous overall layer-by-layer assembled fabric, our photothermal fabric precisely constructed effective water paths and achieved excellent water-heat distribution at the solar evaporation interface, which greatly improved the photothermal conversion efficiency and evaporation rate. By the design of the weaving process, the photothermal fabric shows a new interface contact mode of the water path fiber and polyaniline photothermal fiber. Besides, the arch-bridge type design not only minimizes heat loss area but also enhances the water evaporation area, resulting in high-efficiency all-weather available solar water evaporation. Furthermore, the results show that the temperature, evaporation rate and solar-vapor conversion efficiency of photothermal fabric can reach above 123 ℃, 2.31 kg m−2 h−1 and 99.93% under a solar illumination of 1 kW m−2. The arch-bridge photothermal fabric with an excellent water evaporation rate has been successfully established, which provides a new paradigm for improving the sustainable seawater desalination rate. Graphical
PubDate: 2024-08-01
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- Constructing āĻāĻā Reinforced Bridge Carbon Nanofibers with Highly
Active Co-N/C@pyridine N/C@CNTs Sites as Free-Standing Bifunctional Oxygen
Electrodes for ZnāAir Batteries-
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Abstract: Rechargeable Zn–air batteries (ZABs) have received extensive attention, while their real applications are highly restricted by the slow kinetics of the oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions (ORR/OER). Herein, we report a “bridge” structured flexible self-supporting bifunctional oxygen electrode (CNT@Co-CNFF50-900) with strong active and stable Co-N/C@pyridine N/C@CNTs reaction centers. Benefiting from the electron distribution optimization and the advantages of hierarchical catalytic design, the CNT@Co-CNFF50-900 electrode had superior ORR/OER activity with a small potential gap (ΔE) of 0.74 V. Reinforced by highly graphitized carbon and the “π–π” bond, the free-standing CNT@Co-CNFF50-900 electrode exhibited outstanding catalytic stability with only 36 mV attenuation. Impressively, the CNT@Co-CNFF50-900-based liquid ZAB showed a high power density of 371 mW cm−2, a high energy density of 894 Wh kg−1, and a long cycling life of over 130 h. The assembled quasi-solid-state ZAB also demonstrated a high power density, attaining 81 mW cm−2, with excellent charge–discharge durability beyond 100 h and extremely high flexibility under the multi-angle application. This study provides an effective electrospinning solution for integrating high-efficiency electrocatalysts and electrodes for energy storage and conversion devices. Graphical
PubDate: 2024-08-01
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- Electrospun trilayer eccentric Janus nanofibers for a combined treatment
of periodontitis-
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Abstract: Abstract Oral diseases are common and prevalent, affecting people's health and seriously impairing their quality of life. The implantable class of materials for a safe, convenient, and comprehensive cure of periodontitis is highly desired. This study shows a proof-of-concept demonstration about the implant fibrous membranes. The fibers having a trilayer eccentric side-by-side structure are fabricated using the multiple-fluid electrospinning, and are fine candidates for treating periodontitis. In the trilayer eccentric side-by-side composite nanofibers, the outermost layer contains a hydrophilic polymer and a drug called ketoprofen, which can reach a release of 50% within 0.37 h, providing a rapid pain relief and anti-inflammatory effect. The middle layer is loaded with metronidazole, which is manipulated to be released in a sustained manner. The innermost layer is loaded with nano-hydroxyapatite, which can directly contact with periodontal tissues to achieve the effect of promoting alveolar bone growth. The experimental results indicate that the developed implant films have good wettability, fine mechanical properties, biodegradability, and excellent antibacterial properties. The implant films can reduce inflammatory responses and promote osteoblast formation by down-regulating interleukin 6 and up-regulating osteoprotegerin expression. In addition, their composite nanostructures exhibit the desired promotional effects on fibroblast attachment, infiltration, proliferation, and differentiation. Overall, the developed fibrous implant films show strong potential for use in a combined treatment of periodontitis. The protocols reported here pave a new way to develop multi-chamber based advanced fiber materials for realizing the desired functional performances through a robust process-structure-performance relationship.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
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- Wet Spinning Fabrication of Robust and Uniform Intrinsically Conductive
Cellulose Nanofibril/Silk Conductive Fibers as Bifunctional
Strain/Humidity Sensor in Potential Smart Dressing-
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Abstract: Silk fibroin (SF) with skin-like features and function shows great prospects in wearable electronics and smart dressing. However, the traditional method of loading conductive materials on physical interfaces can easily lead to the detachment of conductive materials, poor mechanical properties, and unstable conductivity, which hinder their practical application. Herein, simple wet spinning was utilized to fabricate multifunctional regenerated silk fibers reinforced with different contents of intrinsically conductive cellulose nanofibril (CNFene). Significant enhancements in fiber homogeneity, thermal stability, conductivity, mechanical strength, and sensing ability were achieved due to more regular orientation of silk fibroin molecules and strong intermolecular interactions with CNFene. The optimized sample (SF1) with high sensitivity (100 ms), excellent washing/rubbing resistance, and superb waterproof properties (22 days) can comprehensively monitor human motion and weak signals. Surprisingly, inspired by the different humidity levels around wounds at different stages of healing, SF1 with favorable humidity sensitivity can be developed as a smart dressing for monitoring wound healing. Therefore, this work provides a simple preparation route of smart high-performance fiber for flexible electronic devices, smart dressing, and underwater smart textiles. Graphical
PubDate: 2024-08-01
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- Interconnected Porous Fabric-Based Scalable Evaporator with Asymmetric
Wetting Properties for High-Yield and Salt-Rejecting Solar Brine Treatment
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Abstract: Solar-driven interfacial evaporation has been considered as a promising approach for treating high-salinity brine, which mitigates ecological pollution as well as produces fresh water. Despite the extensive research efforts, challenges remain regarding the stably high-yield solar treatment of high-salinity water on a large scale. Here, we demonstrate an interconnected porous fabric-based scalable evaporator with asymmetric wetting properties fabricated by weaving technique for high-efficiency and salt-rejecting solar high-salinity brine treatment. Three-dimensional interconnected micropores ensure effective convection-induced fast vapor diffusion, leading to a high evaporation rate in the natural environment with the convective flow. The Janus structure effectively separates absorption and evaporation surfaces for stable salt resistance even under fast evaporation. It is observed that the evaporator achieves a high evaporation rate of 2.48 kg m−2 h−1 under 1-sun illumination and airflow of 3 m s−1 when treating 15 wt% saline. Notably, the outdoor experiment demonstrates that there is neither salt precipitation on the surface nor a decrement in evaporation rate during the 5-day evaporation until water and solute have completely been separated. The interconnected porous fabric with asymmetric wetting properties can be easily and massively produced by industrialized weaving techniques, showing great potential for scalable and efficient solar water treatment of high-salinity brine and industrial wastewater. Graphical
PubDate: 2024-08-01
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- FunctionalāStructural Integrated Aramid Nanofiber-based Honeycomb
Materials with Ultrahigh Strength and Multi-Functionalities-
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Abstract: Multifunctional microwave-absorbing (MA) honeycombs are in urgent demand both in civil and military fields, while they often suffer from great limitations due to the complicated preparation process, inferior strength, and the susceptible peeling off of the absorbent coatings. Herein, we develop a straightforward strategy of assembly of aramid nanofibers (ANFs) and MXene nanosheets to honeycombs, obtaining a functional–structural integrated microwave absorption aramid honeycomb (MAAH). Benefiting from the robust and integrated cell nodes and dense network structure, the compressive strength and toughness of ANF honeycomb can reach up to 18.6 MPa and 2.0 MJ m−3, respectively, which is 6 times and 25 times higher than that of commercial honeycomb. More importantly, the synergistic effect of the unique three-dimensional (3D) conductive network formed by uniformly distributed MXene and the hierarchical structure of the honeycomb endow it with superior wave-absorbing performance, which exhibits a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −38.5 dB at a thickness of only 1.9 mm, and covering almost the entire X-band bandwidth. Additionally, MAAH presents exceptional infrared thermal stealth, sound absorption performance, and real-time monitoring of structural integrity. Therefore, these impressive multi-functionalities of MAAH with outstanding wave-absorbing performance, ultrahigh strength, along with the straightforward and easy-to-scalable and recyclable manufacturing technique, demonstrating promising perspectives of the MAAH materials in aerospace and military fields. Graphical
PubDate: 2024-08-01
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- CobaltāNickel Vanadate Nanonest Colonies Deposited Carbon Fabric as a
Bifunctional Electrode for Li-Ion Batteries and Oxygen-Evolution Reactions
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Abstract: Transition metal vanadates (TMVs) have attracted significant attention in various research fields owing to their advantageous features. Furthermore, synthesizing TMVs directly on current collectors at the nanoscale is a promising strategy for achieving better performance. Herein, cobalt–nickel vanadate (CoV2O6–Ni2V2O7, CNV) was directly grown on carbon fabric using a facile one-step hydrothermal method. In particular, the CNV sample prepared for 3 h (CNV-3) exhibited a benefit-enriched nanonest-colony morphology in which abundant nanowires (diameter: 10 nm) were intertwined, providing sufficient space for electrolyte diffusion. All the CNV electrodes exhibited good cycling performance in the lithium-ion battery study. Especially, the CNV-3 electrode retained higher discharge and charge capacities of 616 and 610 mAh g−1, respectively at the 100th cycle than the other two electrodes owing to several morphologic features. The electrocatalytic activity of all the CNV samples for the oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) was also explored in an alkaline electrolyte. Among these CNV catalysts, the CNV-3 displayed excellent OER performance and required an overpotential of only 270 mV to drive a current density of 10 mA cm−2. The Tafel slope of this catalyst was also found to be low (129 mV dec−1). Moreover, the catalyst exhibited excellent durability in a 24 h stability test. These results indicate that the metal vanadates with favorable nanostructures are highly suitable for both energy storage and water-splitting applications. Graphical CoV2O6–Ni2V2O7 material grown directly on carbon fabric as novel nanonest colonies demonstrated stable electrochemical response in both lithium-ion battery and oxygen-evolution reaction studies
PubDate: 2024-08-01
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- Multifunctional and Sprayable 2D MoS2/Silk Sericin Bio-Nanocomposite
Dressings with Enhanced Photothermal Effect for Infected Wound Healing-
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Abstract: Developing novel antibacterial dressing protecting skin injuries from infection is essential for wound healing. In this study, sericin, a bio-waste produced during the degumming of silk cocoons, is utilized to exfoliate MoS2 layers and improve the dispersity and stability of MoS2 nanosheets (MoS2-NSs). Moreover, owing to its ability to promote oxygen permeability and cell growth and its good biocompatibility, MoS2-NS/Sericin maintains its photothermal property under an 808 nm light source for a strong antibacterial activity as well as improves the fibroblast migration, which accelerates wound healing. Furthermore, the in vitro experiments indicates that MoS2-NS/Sericin can also scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) at an inflammatory stage of wound healing and transform classical activated macrophages (M1-type) into alternatively activated macrophages (M2-type), which is beneficial for wound recovery. Based on these results observed in vitro, full-thickness skin wound experiments are conducted on rats, and the corresponding results show that MoS2/Sericin under 808 nm irradiation exhibits the best performance in promoting wound healing. Overall, MoS2-NS/Sericin exhibits a high potential for bacteria-infected wound healing. Graphical
PubDate: 2024-08-01
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- Porous Structures of C-Shaped Polypropylene Fibers and Oil-Absorbing
Performance of Their Spun-Bond Non-woven Fabrics-
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Abstract: Spun-bond non-woven fabrics (NWFs) made of porous C-shaped polypropylene fibers were applied in rapid oil absorption and effective on-line oil spillage monitoring. It is of great interest to further optimize the absorption properties of these materials by tuning their preparation parameters as well as characterize them with theoretical models. In this paper, effects of die shape, diluent composition (mixtures of dibutyl and dioctyl phthalate), and drawing speed on their porous structure and oil-absorbing performance were systematically investigated and characterized based on two novel concepts, i.e., the equivalent capillary tube pore radius and the kinetic pore tortuosity (barrier to access) derived from the simplest capillary tube liquid-filling model. The use of higher dibutyl phthalate fractions under faster drawing speeds resulted in the formation of larger and more connected inner filament sub-micron pores. Three stages of tube filling relating to inter-filament large pores, medium pores close to bonding points, and inner filament small pores were observed in the spun-bond NWFs. Continuous oil recovery rates of 986 L·m−2·h−1 with an oil/water selectivity of 6.4 were achieved in dynamic skimming experiments using simulated spilled oil. Graphical
PubDate: 2024-08-01
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- An Integrated Bifunctional PressureāTemperature Sensing System
Fabricated on a Breathable Nanofiber and Powered by Rechargeable
ZincāAir Battery for Long-Term Comfortable Health Care Monitoring-
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Abstract: Bulky external power supplies largely limit the continuous long-term application and miniaturization development of smart sensing devices. Here, we fabricate a flexible and wearable integrated sensing system on an electrospun all-nanofiber platform. The three parts of the sensing system are all obtained by a facile ink-based direct writing method. The resistive pressure sensor is realized by decorating MXene sheets on TPU nanofiber. And, the resistive temperature sensor is prepared by compositing MXene sheets into poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). The thin-film zinc–air battery (ZAB) includes an interdigital zinc–air electrode that is bonded with a gel polymer electrolyte. It can supply a high open-circuit voltage of 1.39 V and a large areal capacity of 18.2 mAh cm−2 for stable and reliable power-supplying sensing parts operation. Thanks to the hydrophobic nature of TPU and open-ended micropores in the TPU nanofiber, the sensing system is waterproof, self-cleaning, and air and moisture permeable. For application, the above-mentioned functional components are seamlessly integrated into an intelligent electronic wristband, which is comfortably worn on a human wrist to monitor pulse and body temperature in real time with continuous operation of up to 4 h. By the novel design and remarkable performance, the proposed integrated all-nanofiber sensing system presents a promising solution for developing advanced multifunctional wearable electronics. Graphical We developed an integrated sensing system on a flexible and breathable thermoplastic polyurethane nanofiber platform. The sensing system is realized by a direct write technology and includes a pressure sensor, temperature sensor, and rechargeable zinc–air battery. The integrated sensing system was designed for wristbands and demonstrated to accurately detect pulse beating and skin temperature under different states for up to 4 hours of wearing.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
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- Electronic Textile with Passive Thermal Management for Outdoor Health
Monitoring-
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Abstract: Soft and wearable electronics for monitoring health in hot outdoor environments are highly desirable due to their effectiveness in safeguarding individuals against escalating heat-related illnesses associated with global climate change. However, traditional wearable devices have limitations when exposed to outdoor solar radiation, including reduced electrical performance, shortened lifespan, and the risk of skin burns. In this work, we introduce a novel approach known as the cooling E-textile (CET), which ensures reliable and accurate tracking of uninterrupted physiological signals in intense external conditions while maintaining the device at a consistently cool temperature. Through a co-designed architecture comprising a spectrally selective passive cooling structure and intricate hierarchical sensing construction, the monolithic integrated CET demonstrates superior sensitivity (6.67 × 103 kPa−1), remarkable stability, and excellent wearable properties, such as flexibility, lightweightness, and thermal comfort, while achieving maximum temperature reduction of 21 °C. In contrast to the limitations faced by existing devices that offer low signal quality during overheating, CET presents accurately stable performance output even in rugged external environments. This work presents an innovative method for effective thermal management in next-generation textile electronics tailored for outdoor applications. Graphical
PubDate: 2024-08-01
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- Wrinkled and Fibrous Conductive Bandages with Tunable Mechanoelectrical
Response Toward Wearable Strain Sensors-
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Abstract: Wearable strain sensors (WSSs) have found widespread applications, where the key is to optimize their sensing and wearing performances. However, the intricate material designs for developing WSSs often rely on costly reagents and/or complex processes, which bring barriers to their large-scale production and use. Herein, a facile and affordable (material cost of < $0.002/cm2) method is presented for fabricating conductive bandage (CB)-based WSSs by electrospraying a carbon nanotube (CNT) layer on commercial self-adhesive bandages with excellent biosafety, stretchability, mechanical compliance, breathability and cost effectiveness. The wrinkled and fibrous structures of self-adhesive bandages were rationally leverage to control the geometry of CNT layer, thereby ensuring tunable mechanoelectrical sensitivities (gauge factors of 2 ~ 850) of CBs. Moreover, a strain-sensing mechanism directly mediated by the highly wrinkled microstructure is unveiled, which can work in synergy with a training-loosened-fibrous microstructure. The excellent performance of CBs for monitoring full-range strain signals in human bodies was further demonstrated. CBs would possess great potential for being developed into WSSs because of their outstanding cost-performance ratio. Graphical abstract
PubDate: 2024-08-01
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- Micro-Supercapacitors Based on Fungi-Derived Biocarbon Microfibers Infused
with NiMoO Nanoparticles for Biomedical and E-Skin Applications-
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Abstract: In various biomedical fields, noninvasive medical procedures are favored over invasive techniques, as the latter require major incisions or surgeries that cause bleeding, pain, and tissue scarring. The increased use of noninvasive biomedical equipment has created a demand for effective energy storage devices that are sufficiently compact to be used as a power source, easy to commercialize, and bio-friendly. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of nickel molybdenum oxide nanoparticle-infused biocarbon microfibers (NiMoO NPs@BCMFs) as a novel energy storage material. The microfibers were derived from the bracket fungus Laetiporus sulphureus. In a three-electrode system, the NiMoO NPs@BCMFs/nickel foam (NF) electrode delivered an areal capacity of 113 µAh cm−2 at 1.5 mA cm−2, with excellent cycling stability. Its capacity retention was 104%, even after 20,000 cycles. Bare BCMFs were also synthesized from the fungal biomass to fabricate a negative BCMFs/NF electrode. This, together with the positive NiMoO NPs@BCMFs/NF electrode, was used to construct a bio-friendly (hybrid-type) micro-supercapacitor (BMSC), which exhibited maximum energy and power density values of 56 µWh cm−2 and 11,250 µW cm−2, respectively. When tested for its ability to power biomedical electronics, the BMSC device successfully operated an electrical muscle stimulator, inducing potential signals into a volunteer in real-time application. Graphical abstract
PubDate: 2024-08-01
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