JournalTOCs

Wind Energy Science
Number of Followers: 2

This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 2366-7443 - ISSN (Online) 2366-7451
Published by Copernicus Publications

[54 journals]

Comparison of free vortex wake and blade element momentum results against
large-eddy simulation results for highly flexible turbines under
challenging inflow conditions
- Abstract: Comparison of free vortex wake and blade element momentum results against large-eddy simulation results for highly flexible turbines under challenging inflow conditions
  Kelsey Shaler, Benjamin Anderson, Luis A. Martínez-Tossas, Emmanuel Branlard, and Nick Johnson
  Wind Energ. Sci., 8, 383–399, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-383-2023, 2023
  Free-vortex wake (OLAF) and low-fidelity blade-element momentum (BEM) structural results are compared to high-fidelity simulation results for a flexible downwind turbine for varying inflow conditions. Overall, OLAF results were more consistent than BEM results when compared to SOWFA results under challenging inflow conditions. Differences between OLAF and BEM results were dominated by yaw misalignment angle, with varying shear exponent and turbulence intensity causing more subtle differences.
  PubDate: Fri, 24 Mar 2023 19:28:22 +010
  DOI: 10.5194/wes-8-383-2023 2023
Addressing deep array effects and impacts to wake steering with the
cumulative-curl wake model
- Abstract: Addressing deep array effects and impacts to wake steering with the cumulative-curl wake model
  Christopher J. Bay, Paul Fleming, Bart Doekemeijer, Jennifer King, Matt Churchfield, and Rafael Mudafort
  Wind Energ. Sci., 8, 401–419, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-401-2023, 2023
  This paper introduces the cumulative-curl wake model that allows for the fast and accurate prediction of wind farm energy production wake interactions. The cumulative-curl model expands several existing wake models to make the simulation of farms more accurate and is implemented in a computationally efficient manner such that it can be used for wind farm layout design and controller development. The model is validated against high-fidelity simulations and data from physical wind farms.
  PubDate: Fri, 24 Mar 2023 19:28:22 +010
  DOI: 10.5194/wes-8-401-2023 2023
Aerodynamic response of a floating wind turbine scale model with inclusion
of reference control functionalities
- Abstract: Aerodynamic response of a floating wind turbine scale model with inclusion of reference control functionalities
  Alessandro Fontanella, Elio Daka, Felipe Novais, and Marco Belloli
  Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/wes-2023-29,2023
  Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 0 comments)
  This work examines the aerodynamic response of a floating wind turbine due to platform pitch motion and active turbine control. This is done with a wind tunnel experiment and numerical simulations. A procedure is developed for scaling a reference controller and using it in the experiment. It is found the turbine aerodynamic response is predicted by the numerical model with different accuracy depending on the turbine control regime and the greatest differences are observed in above rated wind.
  PubDate: Thu, 23 Mar 2023 19:28:22 +010
  DOI: 10.5194/wes-2023-292023
Actuator line model using simplified force calculation methods
- Abstract: Actuator line model using simplified force calculation methods
  Gonzalo Pablo Navarro Diaz, Alejandro Daniel Otero, Henrik Asmuth, Jens Nørkær Sørensen, and Stefan Ivanell
  Wind Energ. Sci., 8, 363–382, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-363-2023, 2023
  In this paper, the capacity to simulate transient wind turbine wake interaction problems using limited wind turbine data has been extended. The key novelty is the creation of two new variants of the actuator line technique in which the rotor blade forces are computed locally using generic load data. The analysis covers a partial wake interaction case between two wind turbines for a uniform laminar inflow and for a turbulent neutral atmospheric boundary layer inflow.
  PubDate: Wed, 22 Mar 2023 19:28:22 +010
  DOI: 10.5194/wes-8-363-2023 2023
Numerical Study of the Unsteady Blade Root Aerodynamics of a 2MW Wind
Turbine Equipped With Vortex Generators
- Abstract: Numerical Study of the Unsteady Blade Root Aerodynamics of a 2MW Wind Turbine Equipped With Vortex Generators
  Ferdinand Seel, Thorsten Lutz, and Ewald Krämer
  Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/wes-2023-27,2023
  Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 0 comments)
  Vortex generators are evaluated on a 2 MW wind turbine rotor blade by computational fluid dynamic methods. Those devices delay flow separation on the airfoils and thus increase their efficiency. On the wind turbine blade, rotational phenomena (e.g. rotational augmentation) appear and interact with the vortices from the vortex generators. The understanding of those interactions is crucial in order to optimise the placement of the vortex generators and evaluate their real efficiency on the blade.
  PubDate: Fri, 17 Mar 2023 22:21:58 +010
  DOI: 10.5194/wes-2023-272023
Numerical simulations of ice accretion on wind turbine blades: are
performance losses due to ice shape or surface roughness'
- Abstract: Numerical simulations of ice accretion on wind turbine blades: are performance losses due to ice shape or surface roughness'
  Francesco Caccia and Alberto Guardone
  Wind Energ. Sci., 8, 341–362, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-341-2023, 2023
  Ice roughness deteriorates wind turbine aerodynamics. We have shown numerically that this also occurs when complex ice shapes are present on the leading edge, as long as the blade's wet region extends beyond the ice shape itself and roughness elements are high enough. Such features are typical of icing events on wind turbines but are not captured by current icing simulation tools. Future research should focus on correctly computing both the wet region of the blade and the roughness height.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 Mar 2023 22:21:58 +010
  DOI: 10.5194/wes-8-341-2023 2023
Sensitivity analysis of wake steering optimisation for wind farm power
maximisation
- Abstract: Sensitivity analysis of wake steering optimisation for wind farm power maximisation
  Filippo Gori, Sylvain Laizet, and Andrew Wynn
  Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/wes-2023-23,2023
  Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 0 comments)
  Wake steering is a promising strategy to increase the power output of modern wind farms by mitigating the negative effects of aerodynamic interaction among turbines. As farm layouts grow in size to meet renewable targets, the complexity of wake steering optimisation increases too. With the objective of enabling robust and predictable wake steering solutions, this study investigates the sensitivity of wake steering optimisation for three different farm layouts with increasing complexity levels.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 Mar 2023 22:21:58 +010
  DOI: 10.5194/wes-2023-232023
Difference in load predictions obtained with effective turbulence vs. a
dynamic wake meandering modeling approach
- Abstract: Difference in load predictions obtained with effective turbulence vs. a dynamic wake meandering modeling approach
  Paula Doubrawa, Kelsey Shaler, and Jason Jonkman
  Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/wes-2023-26,2023
  Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 0 comments)
  Wind turbines are designed to withstand any wind conditions they might encounter. This includes high turbulence flow fields found within wind farms due to the presence of the wind turbines themselves. The international standard allows for two ways to account for wind farm turbulence in the design process. We compared both ways and found large differences between. To avoid overdesigning components and enable site-specific design, we suggest definitively moving being the more simplified method.
  PubDate: Mon, 13 Mar 2023 19:02:48 +010
  DOI: 10.5194/wes-2023-262023
Assessing lidar-assisted feedforward and multivariable feedback controls
for large floating wind turbines
- Abstract: Assessing lidar-assisted feedforward and multivariable feedback controls for large floating wind turbines
  Feng Guo and David Schlipf
  Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/wes-2023-9,2023
  Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 0 comments)
  This paper assesses lidar-assisted collective pitch feedforward (LACPF) and multi-variable feedback (MVFB) controls for the IEA 15.0 MW reference turbine. The main contributions of this work include (a) optimization of a four-beam pulsed lidar for a large turbine, (b) optimal tuning of speed regulation gains and platform feedback gains for the MVFB and LACPF controllers, (c) assessing the benefits of the two control strategies using realistic offshore turbulence spectral characteristics.
  PubDate: Thu, 09 Mar 2023 19:02:48 +010
  DOI: 10.5194/wes-2023-92023
Cyclic overlay model of p–y curves for laterally loaded monopiles in
cohesionless soil
- Abstract: Cyclic overlay model of p–y curves for laterally loaded monopiles in cohesionless soil
  Junnan Song and Martin Achmus
  Wind Energ. Sci., 8, 327–339, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-327-2023, 2023
  In this research, a cyclic p–y overlay model for monopiles in sand soils could be developed via comparison of numerical simulations of monopile behaviour: once under monotonic and once under cyclic loading with a defined number of load cycles (utilizing the stiffness degradation method). The new cyclic overlay model gives plausible results and can be applied to any monotonic p–y approach for monopiles in sand.
  PubDate: Wed, 08 Mar 2023 19:02:48 +010
  DOI: 10.5194/wes-8-327-2023 2023
On the laminar–turbulent transition mechanism on megawatt wind turbine
blades operating in atmospheric flow
- Abstract: On the laminar–turbulent transition mechanism on megawatt wind turbine blades operating in atmospheric flow
  Brandon Arthur Lobo, Özge Sinem Özçakmak, Helge Aagaard Madsen, Alois Peter Schaffarczyk, Michael Breuer, and Niels N. Sørensen
  Wind Energ. Sci., 8, 303–326, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-303-2023, 2023
  Results from the DAN-AERO and aerodynamic glove projects provide significant findings. The effects of inflow turbulence on transition and wind turbine blades are compared to computational fluid dynamic simulations. It is found that the transition scenario changes even over a single revolution. The importance of a suitable choice of amplification factor is evident from the simulations. An agreement between the power spectral density plots from the experiment and large-eddy simulations is seen.
  PubDate: Mon, 06 Mar 2023 15:02:22 +010
  DOI: 10.5194/wes-8-303-2023 2023
On the characteristics of the wake of a wind turbine undergoing large
motions caused by a floating structure: an insight based on experiments
and multi-fidelity simulations from the OC6 Phase III Project
- Abstract: On the characteristics of the wake of a wind turbine undergoing large motions caused by a floating structure: an insight based on experiments and multi-fidelity simulations from the OC6 Phase III Project
  Stefano Cioni, Francesco Papi, Leonardo Pagamonci, Alessandro Bianchini, Néstor Ramos-García, George Pirrung, Rémi Corniglion, Anaïs Lovera, Josean Galván, Ronan Boisard, Alessandro Fontanella, Paolo Schito, Alberto Zasso, Marco Belloli, Andrea Sanvito, Giacomo Persico, Lijun Zhang, Ye Li, Yarong Zhou, Simone Mancini, Koen Boorsma, Ricardo Amaral, Axelle Viré, Christian W. Schulz, Stefan Netzband, Rodrigo Soto Valle, David Marten, Raquel Martín-San-Román, Pau Trubat, Climent Molins, Roger Bergua, Emmanuel Branlard, Jason Jonkman, and Amy Robertson
  Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/wes-2023-21,2023
  Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 0 comments)
  Simulations of different fidelity made by the participants of the OC6 project Phase III are compared to wind tunnel wake measurements on a floating wind turbine. Results in the near wake confirm that simulations and experiments tend to diverge from the expected linearized quasi-steady behavior when the reduced frequency exceeds 0.5. In the far wake, the impact of platform motion is overestimated by simulations and seems to be even oriented to the generation of a wake less prone to dissipation.
  PubDate: Mon, 06 Mar 2023 15:02:22 +010
  DOI: 10.5194/wes-2023-212023
The value of wake steering wind farm control in U.S. energy markets
- Abstract: The value of wake steering wind farm control in U.S. energy markets
  Eric Simley, Dev Millstein, Seongeun Jeong, and Paul Fleming
  Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/wes-2023-12,2023
  Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 0 comments)
  Wake steering is a wind farm control technology in which turbines are misaligned with the wind to deflect their wakes away from downstream turbines, increasing total power production. In this paper, we use a wind farm control model and historical electricity prices to assess the potential increase in market value from wake steering for 15 U.S. wind plants. For all plants, we find that the relative increase in market value from wake steering exceeds the relative increase in energy production.
  PubDate: Mon, 06 Mar 2023 15:02:22 +010
  DOI: 10.5194/wes-2023-122023
Vortex model of the airborne wind energy systems aerodynamic wake
- Abstract: Vortex model of the airborne wind energy systems aerodynamic wake
  Filippo Trevisi, Carlo Emanuele Dionigi Riboldi, and Alessandro Croce
  Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/wes-2023-25,2023
  Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 0 comments)
  Modelling the aerodynamic wake of airborne wind energy systems is crucial to properly estimate the power production and to design such systems. The velocities induced at the AWES from its own wake are studied with a model for the near wake and one for the far wake. The model is validated with the lifting line free vortex wake method implemented in QBlade.
  PubDate: Fri, 03 Mar 2023 15:02:22 +010
  DOI: 10.5194/wes-2023-252023
OF2: coupling OpenFAST and OpenFOAM for high fidelity
aero-hydro-servo-elastic FOWT simulations
- Abstract: OF2: coupling OpenFAST and OpenFOAM for high fidelity aero-hydro-servo-elastic FOWT simulations
  Guillén Campaña-Alonso, Raquel Martin-San-Román, Beatriz Méndez-López, Pablo Benito-Cia, and José Azcona-Armendáriz
  Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/wes-2023-19,2023
  Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 0 comments)
  Wind energy is one of the pillars to accomplish the future objectives stablished by the governments with regard to the reduction of emissions of CO2 expected by 2050. Wind energy usage increase will be only possible if more efficient and durable wind turbines are designed. In addition, such increase in wind energy installation worldwide will be only achieved if floating wind turbines design is mature enough. With this purpose a new tool to design and optimize floating wind turbines is presented.
  PubDate: Fri, 03 Mar 2023 15:02:22 +010
  DOI: 10.5194/wes-2023-192023
Exploring limiting factors of wear in pitch bearings of wind turbines with
real-scale tests
- Abstract: Exploring limiting factors of wear in pitch bearings of wind turbines with real-scale tests
  Karsten Behnke and Florian Schleich
  Wind Energ. Sci., 8, 289–301, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-289-2023, 2023
  The objective of this work is to find limits within typical operating conditions of a wind turbine below which wear on the bearing raceway does not occur. It covers the test of blade bearings with an outer diameter of 2.6 m. The test parameters are based on a 3 MW reference turbine and are compared to values from the literature. It was shown that it can be possible to avoid wear, which again can be used to design a wind turbine controller.
  PubDate: Thu, 02 Mar 2023 15:02:22 +010
  DOI: 10.5194/wes-8-289-2023 2023
Extending the Dynamic Wake Meandering Model in HAWC2Farm: Lillgrund Wind
Farm Case Study and Validation
- Abstract: Extending the Dynamic Wake Meandering Model in HAWC2Farm: Lillgrund Wind Farm Case Study and Validation
  Jaime Liew, Tuhfe Göçmen, Alan W. H. Lio, and Gunner Chr. Larsen
  Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/wes-2023-14,2023
  Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 0 comments)
  We present recent research on dynamically modelling wind farm wakes, and integrating these enhancements into the wind farm simulator, HAWC2Farm. The simulation methodology is showcased by recreating dynamic scenarios observed in the Lillgrund offshore wind farm. We successfully recreate scenarios with turning winds, turbine shut down events, and wake deflection events. The research provides opportunities to better identify wake interactions in wind farms, allowing for more reliable designs.
  PubDate: Thu, 02 Mar 2023 15:02:22 +010
  DOI: 10.5194/wes-2023-142023
Platform yaw drift in upwind floating wind turbines with
single-point-mooring system and its mitigation by individual pitch control
- Abstract: Platform yaw drift in upwind floating wind turbines with single-point-mooring system and its mitigation by individual pitch control
  Iñaki Sandua-Fernández, Felipe Vittori, Raquel Martín-San-Román, Irene Eguinoa, and José Azcona-Armendáriz
  Wind Energ. Sci., 8, 277–288, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-277-2023, 2023
  This work analyses in detail the causes of the yaw drift in floating offshore wind turbines with a single-point-mooring system induced by an upwind wind turbine. The ability of an individual pitch control strategy based on yaw misalignment is demonstrated through simulations using the NREL 5 MW wind turbine mounted on a single-point-mooring version of the DeepCwind OC4 floating platform. This effect is considered to be relevant for all single-point-moored concepts.
  PubDate: Wed, 01 Mar 2023 14:33:06 +010
  DOI: 10.5194/wes-8-277-2023 2023
Optimization of wind farm operation with a noise constraint
- Abstract: Optimization of wind farm operation with a noise constraint
  Camilla Marie Nyborg, Andreas Fischer, Pierre-Elouan Réthoré, and Ju Feng
  Wind Energ. Sci., 8, 255–276, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-255-2023, 2023
  Our article presents a way of optimizing the wind farm operation by keeping the emitted noise level below a defined limit while maximizing the power output. This is done by switching between noise reducing operational modes. The method has been developed by using two different noise models, one more advanced than the other, to study the advantages of each model. Furthermore, the optimization method is applied to different wind farm cases.
  PubDate: Tue, 28 Feb 2023 14:33:06 +010
  DOI: 10.5194/wes-8-255-2023 2023
A New Methodology for Upscaling Semi-submersible Platforms for Floating
Offshore Wind Turbines
- Abstract: A New Methodology for Upscaling Semi-submersible Platforms for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines
  Kaylie Laura Roach, Matthew A. Lackner, and James F. Manwell
  Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/wes-2023-18,2023
  Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 0 comments)
  This paper presents an upscaling methodology for floating offshore wind turbine platforms using two case studies. The offshore wind turbine industry is trending towards fewer, larger offshore wind turbines within a farm, which is motivated by the per unit cost of a wind farm (including installation, interconnection, and maintenance costs). The results show the platform steel mass to be favorable with upscaling.
  PubDate: Tue, 28 Feb 2023 14:33:06 +010
  DOI: 10.5194/wes-2023-182023