Similar Journals
|
Current Sustainable/Renewable Energy Reports
Journal Prestige (SJR): 1.161  Citation Impact (citeScore): 4 Number of Followers: 7  Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)ISSN (Online) 2196-3010 Published by Springer-Verlag  [2468 journals]
|
- Hydroclimate Risks to the Western US Electric Grid under a Warming Climate
-
Free pre-print version: Loading...Rate this result: What is this?Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Purpose of Review Changing hydroclimate creates risks to the western U.S. electric grid, particularly when hydropower generation changes, but tools to characterize these risks are relatively new. Here, we ask: how is hydropower changing in a warming climate, and what are the consequences of hydroclimate change for the grid' Current Findings Climate projections of future hydropower generation are somewhat uncertain due to precipitation change uncertainties, but production is consistently expected to shift from summer towards winter, out of phase with changes in load. Interactions between hydrologic drought and hot temperatures are particularly problematic, yielding increased prices and greenhouse gas emissions, with uncertain shortfall risks. Summary Future work should continue stress-testing new tools, evaluate hydroclimate risks under a wider range of emissions scenarios, evaluate potential energy-hydroclimate feedbacks (including those with complex causal pathways), and consider the impacts of potential changes in non-energy water uses and reservoir operator adaptations.
PubDate: 2024-07-09
-
- Unlocking Flexibility from Third-Party Resources: Decoding the Interaction
between Mechanisms for Acquiring Distribution System Operator Services-
Free pre-print version: Loading...Rate this result: What is this?Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Purpose of Review This review explores the interaction between mechanisms for acquiring distribution system operator (DSO) services, such as network tariffs, flexible connection agreements, and local markets, considering their constitutive characteristics represented as design dimensions. Recent Findings Mechanisms for acquiring DSO services, such as network tariffs, flexible connection agreements, and local markets, have been recently studied in literature as a way for DSOs to access flexibility from third-party resources. However, they are typically designed as independent entities. Therefore, there is a lack of understanding regarding the interaction between these acquisition mechanisms. Summary This work investigates mechanisms for acquiring DSO services, especially focusing on network tariffs, flexible connection agreements, and local markets. These mechanisms, developed to facilitate the procurement of flexibility from third-party resources, are traditionally designed standalone without considering their potential synergies or incompatibilities resulting from their interaction to meet system service requirements. This paper aims to fill this gap by discussing how these mechanisms could interact with an analysis to identify possible synergies and conflicts among them by considering their design dimensions.
PubDate: 2024-06-03
DOI: 10.1007/s40518-024-00236-7
-
- Submetering: Challenges and Opportunities for its Application to
Flexibility Services-
Free pre-print version: Loading...Rate this result: What is this?Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Purpose of Review Implementing flexibility services from small resources in the power system requires addressing new technical challenges related to monitoring, baselining, validating their activation, and quantifying the delivery of services. This paper reviews the current usage, challenges, and opportunities of applying submeters, also known as dedicated measurement devices, in the scope of the upcoming European Regulation. Recent Findings In countries where smart meters are not yet deployed or are implemented but do not deliver the needed data, submeters can foster the participation of small resources in flexibility services. However, there are still few international experiences related to their use in these services. Summary The successful implementation of submetering requires addressing challenges such as standardization, certification, interoperability, data accessibility, and reliability. Future regulations must set their requirements, assign roles and responsibilities, and provide certification to ensure metrological, standardization, and interoperability requirements.
PubDate: 2024-05-01
DOI: 10.1007/s40518-024-00235-8
-
- Exploring the Intersection of Artificial Intelligence and Microgrids in
Developing Economies: A Review of Practical Applications-
Free pre-print version: Loading...Rate this result: What is this?Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Purpose of Review This paper reviews practical challenges for microgrid electrification projects in low- and middle-income economies, proposing a Social-Technical-Economic-Political (STEP) framework. With our STEP framework, we review recent Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods capable of accelerating microgrid adoption in developing economies. Recent Findings Many authors have employed novel AI methods in microgrid applications including to support energy management systems, fault detection, generation sizing, and load forecasting. Despite these research initiatives, limited works have investigated the specific challenges for developing economies. That is, high-income countries often have high-quality power, reliable wireless communication infrastructure, and greater access to equipment and technical skills. Accordingly, there are numerous opportunities for the adaptation of AI methods to meet the constraints of developing economies. Summary In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the electrification challenges in developing economies alongside an assessment of novel AI approaches for microgrid applications. We also identify emerging opportunities for AI research in the context of developing economies and our proposed STEP framework.
PubDate: 2024-03-26
DOI: 10.1007/s40518-024-00233-w
-
- The Impact of the Russia-Ukraine War on Global Gas Markets
-
Free pre-print version: Loading...Rate this result: What is this?Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Purpose of Review To establish how the global gas market has been impacted by the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the subsequent disruption to gas imports to Europe. Recent Findings Gas flows from Russia to Europe has fallen by 80% leading to a dramatic surge in LNG imports to the EU, which has in turn affected prices and trade flows in the rest of the global energy economy. Russia has re-directed some of its exports, but in general competition in the LNG market has increased significantly and developing countries in particular have struggled to access adequate supplies. Summary Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 caused the most dramatic shock to the global energy market for decades. In a gas market that was already tight, the threat and then the reality of Russian gas exports to Europe gradually being reduced by 80% led to a dramatic increase in concerns over energy security, a spike in gas prices to historic highs, and a rethink of energy strategy in Europe and beyond. Although the impact was initially felt hardest in Europe, the consequences have been felt in other gas importing and exporting regions, and have caused a major re-balancing of supply chains, with the importance of LNG emphasised. In particular, US LNG has played a major role in stabilising the global gas market, with political as well as commercial consequences. The role of Russia has also changed dramatically, with its pivot to Asia now a necessity rather than a long-term plan.
PubDate: 2024-02-26
DOI: 10.1007/s40518-024-00232-x
-
- Asymmetric Interdependence and Wielding the Energy Weapon: Russia and the
EU post Russian Invasion of Ukraine-
Free pre-print version: Loading...Rate this result: What is this?Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Purpose of Review Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has triggered a renewed focus on the use of energy as a geopolitical weapon. However, the experiences for oil and natural gas—Russia’s two main energy exports and the leading energy sources for the EU—have followed markedly different paths. Recent Findings This review aims to assess how the concept of asymmetric interdependence—often applied to the EU-Russia energy relationship—may be used to explain the current situation. Summary We find that asymmetry in the trade relations in oil and gas explains why each party tried to weaponize a different resource, i.e., Russia—natural gas and the EU—oil. We also assess the complexity of exercising the energy weapon, explaining why each side’s initial assessment of apparent leverage has not necessarily resulted in the desired outcome.
PubDate: 2024-02-19
DOI: 10.1007/s40518-024-00234-9
-
- Geophysical Constraints on Decarbonized Systems—Building Spatio-Temporal
Uncertainties into Future Electricity Grid Planning-
Free pre-print version: Loading...Rate this result: What is this?Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Purpose of Review Future electricity grids will be characterized by the high penetration of renewables to support the decarbonization process. Yet, this transition will further expose grids to a broad spectrum of geophysical forces, such as weather and climate or the availability of land and minerals. Here, we synthesize the current body of knowledge on the relationship between geophysical constraints and electricity grid planning. Recent Findings We show that there have been promising advances in the data, methods, and modelling tools needed to incorporate the effect of geophysical constraints on demand, resource availability, and grid operations. However, current research efforts are typically focused on the effect of a single constraint, thereby lacking a broader view of the problem. Summary More system-specific and finer-scale analyses are necessary to better understand how spatio-temporal variability in geophysical forces affects grid planning. Moreover, we need a broader focus on the multi-sectoral implications of decarbonization efforts, including the societal consequences of grid management decisions. Importantly, all these efforts are challenged by the computational requirements of existing power system models, which often limit our ability to characterize uncertainty and scale analyses across larger domains.
PubDate: 2023-12-04
DOI: 10.1007/s40518-023-00229-y
-
- Surface Coal Mine Production Scheduling under Time-of-Use Power Rates
-
Free pre-print version: Loading...Rate this result: What is this?Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Purpose of Review Mining operations, similar to those in other heavy-industry applications, such as steel-making, are energy intensive. To offset power requirements, renewable energy use on active and reclaimed mine lands has increased dramatically. In concert, mining companies have begun to focus on increasing efficiencies, reducing carbon emissions, and developing sustainable mining practices. Recent Findings We first review opportunities for renewable energy integration; then, we elucidate the challenges (including those associated with the power grid) of doing so; and, finally, we examine the possibility of considering electricity usage and demand during the production scheduling process to capitalize on these alternative energy sources and to take advantage of favorable pricing strategies. Summary Utilizing real data from an active coal mine with electric equipment, we show the impacts of (i) seasonal power price fluctuations on a medium-term production schedule and (ii) hourly power price fluctuations on a short-term extraction schedule. Results reveal economic potential both for (i) the integration of renewable energy sources on reclaimed and active mine lands and (ii) the corresponding synchronization of a production schedule with time-of-use energy pricing contracts.
PubDate: 2023-10-10
DOI: 10.1007/s40518-023-00220-7
-
- Intelligent Electrification as an Enabler of Clean Energy and
Decarbonization-
Free pre-print version: Loading...Rate this result: What is this?Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Purpose of Review Electrification efforts will change electric demand patterns, but must be made beneficial to the deployment of renewable generation. To ensure this, we need intelligent coordination of millions of resulting distributed energy resources (DERs). We provide an overview of challenges and opportunities associated with intelligent electrification as a means to enable decarbonization and clean energy. Summary Intelligent electrification can bring value to the grid and consumers, but depends on its implementation and cyber-physical coordination architecture to manage consumer quality of service (QoS), grid services, and grid reliability. We also review and discuss challenges with getting intelligent electrification efforts to scale. Recent Findings We find that many methods already exist for coordinating DERs to deliver valuable grid services, but that practical implementation barriers exist regarding feedback control, integrating grid data, and deploying intelligent electrification at scale. In addition, accurately characterizing and maximizing the available flexibility of a fleet of DERs is an open technical problem.
PubDate: 2023-09-22
DOI: 10.1007/s40518-023-00228-z
-
- Social Dimensions of Offshore Wind Energy: a Review of Theories and
Frameworks of Multi-criteria Decision-Making-
Free pre-print version: Loading...Rate this result: What is this?Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Purpose of Review Offshore wind power has rapidly grown globally, and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is increasingly used for site selection. However, there is a lack of research papers focusing on the specific region being studied and reviewed. This paper investigates evaluation criteria and social aspects in offshore wind power projects using MCDM papers. Recent Findings Results show that Europe and other regions use exclusion criteria based on location and distance, while the Asia–Pacific region emphasizes government support and social items due to recent project introductions. In the Asia–Pacific region, negative social impacts are evaluated to minimize them, while the European region considers both negative and positive impacts. Summary Evaluating these aspects can uncover new possibilities for selecting sea areas and promoting offshore wind power while reducing negative impacts and creating positive ones.
PubDate: 2023-08-29
DOI: 10.1007/s40518-023-00225-2
-
- Observations of an Evolving Grid: Resilience and Equity Performance
Metrics-
Free pre-print version: Loading...Rate this result: What is this?Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Purpose of Review Traditionally, electric grid planning aims to maintain safe, reliable, efficient, and affordable service. As policies, societal goals, and technologies evolve, new objectives for power system planners emerge, creating a need for system performance benchmarking of these objectives. Recent Findings With a focus on resilience and energy equity as emerging grid objectives, this review provides an overview of emerging trends in resilience and energy equity metrics, current examples of their coupling in grid planning, and observations on both metric trajectories. Summary The simultaneous development of resilience and energy equity metrics reveals common themes relating to the scale of measurement, the use of socioeconomic inputs, a departure from utility-controlled metrics, and the need for broader stakeholder inclusion in decision-making processes. This work presents a timely discussion of the essential nature of metrics for grid planners as equity and resilience policies and goal transition from abstract objectives to accountability mechanisms and real dollar investments.
PubDate: 2023-08-24
DOI: 10.1007/s40518-023-00227-0
-
- Progress in Concentrated Solar Power, Photovoltaics, and Integrated Power
Plants Towards Expanding the Introduction of Renewable Energy in the
Asia/Pacific Region-
Free pre-print version: Loading...Rate this result: What is this?Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Purpose of Review As the renewable energy share grows towards CO2 emission reduction by 2050 and decarbonized society, it is crucial to evaluate and analyze the technical and economic feasibility of solar energy. Because concentrating solar power (CSP) and solar photovoltaics (PV)-integrated CSP (CSP-PV) capacity is rapidly increasing in the Asia/Pacific region, this paper provides a review of the development status of commercial-scale CSP and integrated plants and research trends of the related technologies in the Asian and Pacific (APAC) region. Recent Findings The largest commercial-scale CSP, hybrid CSP-PV, and integrated solar combined cycle (ISCC) plants have been planned and constructed in Australia, China, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. The research trends of CSP-related technologies in the APAC region are classified into three groups: (1) techno-economic analysis and potential evaluation of CSP and hybrid plants at a commercial scale, (2) development of elemental technology for next-generation CSP and hybrid plants, and (3) importance of thermal energy storage for achieving solar baseload power generation at an affordable LCOE and relatively high efficiency. Summary This paper reviews the development status of commercial-scale CSP and integrated CSP-PV plants in the APAC region, including the Middle East and Australia. A review of the research status for evaluating technical and economic aspects and a discussion of development trends are also provided.
PubDate: 2023-08-23
DOI: 10.1007/s40518-023-00226-1
-
- Improving the Representation of Climate Risks in Long-Term Electricity
Systems Planning: a Critical Review-
Free pre-print version: Loading...Rate this result: What is this?Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Purpose of Review Electricity systems face substantial climate risks which are escalating due to electrification, renewable energy intermittency, population changes, and the intensifying impacts of climate change such as extreme temperatures and weather-induced infrastructure damage. This critical review investigates climate risks to the electricity sector and scrutinizes the methodologies used to represent climate risk in long-term electricity system planning studies. Recent Findings Climate risks to electricity systems are driven by extreme weather, average weather, technology, and other social and technological factors. All are expected to evolve in the future. Future climate risks to electricity systems depend on interactions between each, and thus assessing future climate risks to electricity systems requires exploring a wide range of possible futures. Summary Many studies rely on weather data and socio-economic scenarios that are inadequate to fully characterize climate risks to present and future electricity systems. We advocate for more holistic assessments that incorporate comprehensive weather data, acknowledge dynamic multi-sector interactions, and employ adaptive and robust methodologies.
PubDate: 2023-08-16
DOI: 10.1007/s40518-023-00224-3
-
- Firm Boundaries in Energy Markets: Should Heavy Users of Energy Vertically
Integrate into Production'-
Free pre-print version: Loading...Rate this result: What is this?Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Purpose of Review As firms that are heavy energy users have increasing concerns about controlling costs, availability of resources, and other supply chain issues, it is crucial to evaluate the economic justification and potential benefits of vertical integration. This paper provides theoretically derived scenarios of when vertical integration could create value for such firms—not previously involved in production activities—seeking to manage the energy value chain. Recent Findings Delta Air Lines’s acquisition of the Trainer, PA, oil refinery provides an example of the struggles that energy users will face when expanding into production without accompanying scope economies across lines of business, particularly when the firms faced little opportunism threats from existing suppliers. Summary The paper concludes that firms in competitive energy markets should not vertically integrate into production when there is no substantial risk of holdup from suppliers and for which firms have no reasonable expectations of being able to develop productive capabilities.
PubDate: 2023-08-16
DOI: 10.1007/s40518-023-00222-5
-
- Exploring the Interaction Between Electricity Distribution Network
Reconfiguration and Local Flexibility Markets-
Free pre-print version: Loading...Rate this result: What is this?Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Purpose of Review This review aims to explore the potential benefits of integrating electricity distribution network reconfiguration (DNR) and local flexibility markets (LFMs) in the operation and planning of distribution networks. Recent Findings Benefits of DNR (distribution system operator-owned flexibility resource) and LFMs (mechanisms for integrating third-party flexibility resources) have been reported extensively in the literature. However, there is a lack of studies analyzing the benefits resulting from their interaction. Summary This study establishes a framework that comprehensively elucidates the concept of distribution system flexibility and investigates the current and emerging trends in DNR and LFMs through an extensive analysis of pertinent literature. Furthermore, a general approach for the interaction of DNR and LFMs focused on congestion management is proposed. The findings from this paper serve as a foundation for future research, highlighting potential areas for further exploration in the integration of DNR and LFMs.
PubDate: 2023-08-04
DOI: 10.1007/s40518-023-00221-6
-
- The EU Commission’s Proposal for Improving the Electricity Market
Design: Treading Water, but not Drowning-
Free pre-print version: Loading...Rate this result: What is this?Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Purpose of Review On March 14, 2023, the European Commission (EC) published the much awaited “Proposal for a regulation (…) to improve the Union’s electricity market design.” The proposed regulation reflects the verdict of the EC after several months of fervent debate triggered by the energy crisis that has affected the European region. In this paper, we discuss several crucial elements that are part of the proposed regulation. Recent Findings In a nutshell, we deem the EC has done a great job managing a highly complicated situation. The proposal preserves the crucial role of short-term electricity markets and puts the focus on the key flaw: the perennial incompleteness of long-term power markets. The EC has put forward a large battery of measures, covering different dimensions and with very different potential impacts on the market design. Summary Here we focus on what we consider to be the four key elements of the proposal: (i) the promotion of long-term contracting, (ii) interventions during electricity price crises, (iii) the strategy for an efficient supplier risk management, and (iv) flexibility support schemes and capacity remuneration mechanisms.
PubDate: 2023-08-02
DOI: 10.1007/s40518-023-00223-4
-
- Market-Based Environmental Policies in the Power Sector
-
Free pre-print version: Loading...Rate this result: What is this?Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Purpose of Review So-called Green New Deals aim to decarbonise the power sector via market-based instruments. Consequently, engineering-economic models for analysing the sustainable-energy transition have proliferated. This review categorises existing approaches and identifies areas for extending the state of the art. Recent Findings We cluster the extant literature into two groups: engineering/operational research (M1) and environmental economics (M2). While M1 focuses on the power sector’s technical and spatio-temporal aspects, M2’s emphasis is on incentives and externalities. Depending on the nature of the research question, either perspective (or both) may be suitable. Summary Since the envisaged electrification of the wider economy implies tighter coupling between formerly distinct sectors, e.g., power and heat, both M1 and M2 will have to adapt to the new paradigm in terms of methodology and application areas. Here, eliciting coordinating mechanisms, enhancing algorithms for solving hierarchical models, soft linking bottom-up and top-down models, and crafting robust environmental policy in face of uncertainty over externalities are some of the vistas for future research.
PubDate: 2023-08-02
DOI: 10.1007/s40518-023-00211-8
-
- The Case for Simple Simulation: Stochastic Market Simulation to Assess
Renewable Business Cases-
Free pre-print version: Loading...Rate this result: What is this?Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Purpose of Review This paper argues that, for the purpose of determining business cases for renewable energy assets, simple simulation methods can be very valuable. We demonstrate this through the application of a stochastic agent-based energy market model which, instead of a modelling the explicit drivers behind future investments, treats future capacity levels as stochastic parameters. Recent Findings In the last decade, increasingly complex models have been proposed to analyze the interaction between investment in and operation of energy assets by multiple market participants under uncertainty. This includes multi-stage optimization, equilibrium, and agent-based models. These models have their uses but are often not directly suitable for informing real-world investment analysis. They still do not capture all relevant uncertainties and features of real-world investment decision-making, are difficult to interrogate and explain to non-technical decision-makers, and have a high computational cost. Summary We have applied a newly developed stochastic energy market simulator, EYE, to the Dutch energy system, to demonstrate the usefulness of a simpler approach. We find that being able to easily include a wide range of uncertainties has clear value, as there are important interactions between uncertainties. We also note that results from a modelling exercise like this are easily explainable, and can help decision-makers. We suggest that future research into energy systems models needs to focus not just on complexity, but also on simplicity and the needs of real-world decision-makers, without losing sight of the multi-level nature of energy system investment. Choices between adding more specific realism and simplifying to allow for, e.g., capturing a broader range of uncertainties need to be made much more explicitly.
PubDate: 2023-07-16
DOI: 10.1007/s40518-023-00216-3
-
- Large-Scale Grid Optimization: the Workhorse of Future Grid Computations
-
Free pre-print version: Loading...Rate this result: What is this?Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Purpose of Review The computation methods for modeling, controlling, and optimizing the transforming grid are evolving rapidly. We review and systemize knowledge for a special class of computation methods that solve large-scale power grid optimization problems. Recent Findings We find that while mechanistic physics-based methods are leading the science in solving large-scale grid optimizations, data-driven techniques, especially physics constrained ones, are emerging as an alternative to solve otherwise intractable problems. We also find observable gaps in the field and ascertain these gaps from the paper’s literature review and by collecting and synthesizing feedback from industry experts. Summary Large-scale grid optimizations are pertinent for, among other things, hedging against risk due to resource stochasticity, evaluating aggregated DERs’ impact on grid operation and design, and improving the overall efficiency of grid operation in terms of cost, reliability, and carbon footprint. We attribute the continual growth in scale and complexity of grid optimizations to a large influx of new spatial and temporal features in both transmission (T) and distribution (D) networks. Therefore, to systemize knowledge in the field, we discuss the recent advancements in T and D systems from the viewpoint of mechanistic physics-based and emerging data-driven methods.
PubDate: 2023-07-10
DOI: 10.1007/s40518-023-00213-6
-
- Correction to: Regulatory Challenges for Energy Infrastructure—Do
Electricity Distribution Remuneration Schemes in Europe Promote the Use of
Flexibility from Connected Users'-
Free pre-print version: Loading...Rate this result: What is this?Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
PubDate: 2023-07-04
DOI: 10.1007/s40518-023-00215-4
-
