JournalTOCs

Wind Engineering
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.296

Citation Impact (citeScore): 1
Number of Followers: 0

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 0309-524X - ISSN (Online) 2048-402X
Published by Sage Publications

[1176 journals]

Robust sensor-less sliding mode of second-order control of doubly fed
induction generators in variable speed wind turbine systems based on a
novel MRAS-ANFIS observer
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Lakhdar Saihi, Brahim Berbaoui, Fateh Ferroudji, youcef Bakou, Elhassen Benfriha
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  The current study proposed a robust sensor-less sliding mode second-order based on a super twisting algorithm (STA-SMSO) approach using a new observer Model Reference Adaptive System-Adaptative Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (MRAS-ANFIS). This model was applied to a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine running under variable wind speed and DFIG fed with a power voltage source without a speed sensor, while the control objective was used to regulate independently, the active and reactive power DFIG stator were decoupled by using the field-oriented control technique. Additionally, this process reduced the cost of the control scheme and the size of DFIG by eliminating the speed sensor (encoder). In order to improve the traditional MRAS, the MRAS-ANFIS observer was proposed to replace the usual PI controller in the adaptation mechanism of MRAS with an Adaptative Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) controller. The estimation of rotor position was tested and discussed under varying load conditions in low, zero, and high-speed region. The results mentioned that the proposed observer (MRAS-ANFIS) presented an attractive feature, such as guarantees finite time convergence, good response on speed wind variations, high robustness against machine parameter variations, and load variations compared to the conventional MRAS observer and MRAS-Fuzzy. Hence, the estimated rotor speed converged to their actual value has the capacity for estimating position in deferent region (low/zero/high) of speed.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2023-03-25T11:02:45Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231158707
Modeling and control of islanded DC microgrid fed by intermittent
generating resources
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Anupam Kumar, Arun Rathore, Shubhendra Pratap Singh, Abdul Hamid Bhat
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  In this paper an islanded microgrid fed through the wind and solar energy resources is presented. The power flow within the microgrid is controlled using a Neutral Point Clamped Dual Active Bridge (NPC-DAB) converter. In the proposed dc microgrid, the solar energy source is associated at the low voltage (LV) bus and the wind energy source is connected at the high voltage (HV) bus. A permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) machine is used in wind energy conversion system. The real time solar radiation and wind speed data of Rupangarh, Rajasthan, India is used as an input for renewable energy resource. The NPC-DAB will work as a power electronics juncture for expediting the energy exchange in the islanded DC Microgrid. The proposed closed loop controller based on the capacitor voltage and load voltage will expedite a complete automatic operation of the islanded DC-microgrid considering various load changes. The system is studied without storage element as the automatic control of energy generation and load feeding is carried out by the NPC-DAB, also this makes the scheme cost effective. The optimum duty ratios for NPC-DAB operation are obtained and thus the increased load demand is met. The modeling of PMSG, NPC-DAB and wind energy system is discussed in details in this work. The proposed system is studied in MATLAB/Simulink environment and results are obtained for different load variations. All the wind control parameters, NPC-DAB waveforms, load waveforms are also plotted using MATLAB.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2023-02-18T06:13:45Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231154841
Assessment of wind resource considering local turbulence based on data
acquisition with SODAR
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Reginaldo N Silva, Darío G Fantini, Rafael CF Mendes, Marlos Guimarães, Taygoara Oliveira, Antonio Brasil Junior
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  This work presents a new methodology to evaluate the influence of wind speed data corrections in the fit of the Weibull distribution. Corrections are made for data measured by Sonic Detection and Ranging (SODAR) and MERRA-2 base data. SODAR data are corrected through Turbulence Intensity (TI). The MERRA-2 data correction uses National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) weather station data to find a local scale factor. The results showed that the corrected data present a better fit in the Weibull distribution and evidence that corrections are necessary when wind speed averages are used to evaluate the wind resource. Wind speed data were also applied to simulate the energy production by a commercial turbine to demonstrate the contrast in the total energy generated. The new methodology shows that IT must be considered in the evaluation of wind resources.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2023-02-18T05:20:25Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231156451
Fatigue analysis of wind turbine composite blade using finite element
method
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Hicham Boudounit, Mostapha Tarfaoui, Dennoun Saifaoui
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  In the past 30 years, wind turbine blades (WTB) have undergone significant development, increasing their size and introducing composites into manufacturing processes and using numerical simulation to assess their strength and structural integrity, helped increasing the number of installed wind turbine units as well as reducing the cost of wind generated energy. In this paper a DLoad subroutine was developed to assess monitor and evaluate the structural integrity of a large wind turbine blade under numerous static load scenarios. The fatigue study was carried using the finite element method, and the DLoad subroutine developed was used with ABAQUS finite Element analysis Software, and performed perfectly. The results show that the proposed layup parameters and the chosen composite materials gives to the wind turbine the desired structural strength. Furthermore, the DLoad subroutine for the fatigue study shows that the higher is the applied force the faster the blade fail. While, Hashin Criterion shows that the distribution of damage for the matrix and the fiber is all over the blade, but the failure only occurs after reaching an energy threshold which depends on the composite materials and the layup parameters used. Therefore, the chosen layup model will allow the wind turbine blade to withstand the extreme climatic conditions in the sea.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2023-02-16T09:34:59Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231155549
Role of optimization and soft-computing techniques in the design and
development of futuristic Savonius wind turbine blades: A review
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Man Mohan, Nur Alom, Ujjwal K Saha
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  The use of metropolitan wind power by small-scale wind turbines has become an emerging technique to reduce the battle among growing energy needs. However, the available technical designs are not yet adequate to develop a reliable and distributed wind energy converter for low wind speed conditions. The Savonius wind turbine rotor, or simply Savonius rotor, seems to be particularly promising for such conditions, however, it suffers from low power coefficient. The blade profile/shape is an important aspect of designing the Savonius rotor. In this context, the use of optimization techniques (OTs) along with soft-computing techniques (SCTs) can significantly help to arrive at the intended design parameters. The selection of rotor blades developed through OTs and SCTs can significantly improve the rotor performance. This review study aims to summarize the OTs and SCTs used till date in the blade design of Savonius rotors.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2023-02-13T08:34:47Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221150491
Optimal maximum power point tracking of wind turbine doubly fed induction
generator based on driving training algorithm
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Mohamed Abdelateef Mostafa, Enas A. El-Hay, Mahmoud M. ELkholy
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  The operation of wind power system at optimum power point is a big challenge particularly under uncertainty of wind speed. As a result, it is necessary to install an effective maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller for extracting the available maximal power from wind energy conversion system (WECS). Therefore, this paper aims to obtain the optimal values of injected rotor phase voltage for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) to ensure the extraction of peak power from wind turbine under different wind speeds as well as to get the optimal performance of DFIG. A new metaheuristic optimization approach; Driving Training Algorithm (DTA) is used to crop the optimal DFIG rotor voltages. Three different scenarios are presented to have MPPT, the first one is the MPPT with unity stator power factor, the second one is the MPPT with minimum DFIG losses, and the third scenario is MPPT with minimum rotor current to reduce the rating of rotor inverter. The MATLAB environment is used to simulate and study the proposed controller with 2.4 MW wind turbine. The optimum power curve of wind turbine has been estimated to get the reference values of DFIG mechanical power. The results ensured the significance and robust of the proposed controller to have MPPT under different wind speeds. The DTA results are compared with other two well-known optimization algorithms; water cycle algorithm (WCA) and particle swarm optimizer (PSO) to verify the accuracy of results.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2023-02-04T05:16:28Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221150443
A wind tunnel investigation of yawed wind turbine wake impacts on downwind
wind turbine performances and wind loads
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Takanori Uchida, Koichiro Shibuya, Gustavo Richmond-Navarro, Williams R. Calderón-Muñoz
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  In the current work we experimentally explored yawed wind turbine wake impacts on downwind wind turbine performances and wind loads. The lab-scale wind turbine model with a rotor diameter (D) of 0.442 m and a height of 1 m (=2.26D) was installed in a closed-circuit boundary layer wind tunnel (test section: 15 m long × 3.6 m wide × 2.0 m high) of the Research Institute for Applied Mechanics (RIAM) of Kyushu University. Power performance tests were initially conducted with a single rotor in isolation in order to characterize a rotor’s power output in stand-alone conditions. A detailed comparison of the tests revealed that the power output decreased rapidly as the yaw angle (γ) increased. It is presumed that the power output decrease in yawed cases is mainly due to the decrease in the effective rotor area and the change in the angle of the incoming wind flow with respect to the wind turbine blade. Next, using two wind turbine models aligned with the dominant inflow direction, the merging wakes behaviors caused by three different lateral separation distances were tested: (a) Case 1 (y = 0), (b) Case 2 (y = 0.5D), and (c) Case 3 (y = 1D). Here, the separation distance between the two wind turbine models was fixed at 6D in all cases. Extremely large power output deficits of 46%–76% were seen in the Case 1 configuration. This is mainly due to the significant wake velocity deficits induced by the upwind wind turbine model. In the Case 2 configuration with γ values of 20° and 30°, a significant increase in the power output of the downwind wind turbines was observed. Similar to Case 1 configuration, these results are considered to be mainly due to the upwind turbine-induced wake velocity deficits and wake deflection. Finally, in the Case 3 configuration, no significant difference was found in all of the results, and the tendency was almost the same. We show that the wake velocity deficits induced by the upwind wind turbine model had almost no effect on the power output of the downwind wind turbine model. We evaluated the total power output of the two turbines. As a result, in the Case 2 configuration with 20° yaw angle, the total power output of the two wind turbine models was the highest due to the increase in the power output of the downwind wind turbine model. In order to investigate the main cause of the significant increase in the power output of the downwind wind turbine model at 20° and 30° yaw angles in the Case 2 configuration, we measured the lateral wind speed distribution at the 6D position on the downwind side of the upwind wind turbine model by using the ultrasonic anemometer. As a results, it was clarified that the peak of the wake velocity deficits induced by the upwind wind turbine model is clearly shifted away from the downwind turbine such that it experiences a smaller deficit due to wake steering. Also, with wake steering the upwind turbine-induced wake velocity deficits may be smaller due to the reduction in rotor area. Finally, it is extremely important to understand the wind load acting on the downwind wind turbine model operating within the wake region induced by the upwind yawed wind turbine model when the maximum power output is generated. It can be seen that as the yaw angle of the upwind wind turbine model increased, the power output generated by the downwind wind turbine model and the streamwise wind load acting on it also increased. However, it was also clarified that the streamwise wind load acting on the downwind wind turbine model in this situation did not exceed the stand-alone value.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2023-02-04T05:11:28Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221150219
Real time frequency stabilization of islanded multi-microgrid
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Nisha Gnanam, Jamuna Kamaraj
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  The paper represents a hybrid power system consisting of solar, wind, and Battery sources. The intermittent characteristics of the power system manage the power balance among the generations and load demands. Under these conditions, the system faces high instability. It addresses well-structured PID controllers for the load frequency control in a standalone hybrid microgrid for this problem. The proposed PID controllers offer superior stability. Each Microgrid incorporates the self Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm to validate the existing microgrids. The test bed has been validated in real-time in Software in Loop (SIL) depending on OPAL-RT 4500 tool.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2023-02-01T01:01:25Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221147670
Coupled dynamic analysis of horizontal axis floating offshore wind
turbines with a spar buoy floater
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Fuat Kara
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  Coupled dynamic analysis of a floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) is predicted with in-house ITU-WAVE computational tool. The hydrodynamic parameters are approximated with time marching of boundary integral equation whilst aerodynamic parameters are solved with unsteady blade element momentum method. In addition, forces on FOWT due to mooring lines are predicted with quasi-static analysis whilst hydrodynamic viscous effects are included with Morison equation. FOWT’s blades are considered as an elastic structure whilst tower is considered as a rigid structure. The effects of steady wind speed on surge motion spectrum decrease the spectrum amplitude over wave frequency ranges, but this effect is not significant. The duration of time domain simulation plays significant role in the region of surge and pitch resonant frequencies. The numerical results of in-house ITU-WAVE computational code for eigenfrequencies of blades, aerodynamics and hydrodynamics parameters are validated against other numerical results which shows satisfactory agreements.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2023-01-20T06:13:14Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221150220
Modeling and performance assessment of an isolated wind-diesel system with
flywheel energy storage system
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Gazala Rashid, Shameem Ahmad Lone, Mairaj Ud-Din Mufti
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  This paper proposes incorporation of a flywheel energy storage system (FESS) into hybrid wind-diesel power plant for system frequency and voltage response improvement. The impact of hybrid wind-diesel energy storage systems under various forms of disturbances, such as load disturbance, wind disturbance, wind park disconnection, and step variations in wind is presented and analyzed. The standard IEEE models for different components of hybrid wind diesel power system are considered. Simulations in the time domain are carried out in order to test the performance of proposed system. The positive impact of FESS used in wind-diesel hybrid power system is demonstrated through a series of simulation cases carried for various types of disturbances.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2023-01-20T06:11:14Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221147601
Undrained capacity of circular shallow foundations on two-layer clays
under combined VHMT loading
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Pengpeng He, Tim Newson
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  Wind turbines are typically designed based on fatigue and serviceability limit states, but still require an accurate assessment of bearing capacity. Overconsolidated clay deposits in Canada often have a thin layer of crust with a relatively high undrained shear strength. However, existing bearing capacity design methods do not consider surficial crusts. This paper studies the undrained VHMT (vertical, horizontal, moment, and torsional) failure envelope of circular foundations founded on a surficial crust underlain by a uniform soil using finite element analysis. Crust correction factors have been introduced to account for the effects of the stiff layer on the vertical and moment capacities. The same forms of equation that are used for uniform soils, but with different parameters provide satisfactory fits for the failure envelopes for a soil with a crustal layer. An analytical expression for the 4-D VHMT failure envelope is derived, and an application of this method is provided.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2023-01-13T04:57:30Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221142276
High resolution wind resource assessment method based on mesoscale
atmospheric model and CFD technology
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Junpeng Ma, Feiyan Liu, Chenggang Xiao, Kairan Wang, Zirui Liu
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  The evaluation results of wind energy resources directly affect the economic benefits and healthy development of wind farms. Therefore, a high-resolution wind resource assessment method for wind farms based on mesoscale atmospheric model and CFD technology is studied to accurately simulate relevant data of wind resources and improve the assessment effect. The mesoscale WRF numerical model is used to solve the regional data of wind farms and obtain the mesoscale meteorological analysis data. According to the solution results of the mesoscale atmospheric model, the wind speed profile is established, the boundary conditions and initial conditions are extracted, and the CFD micro scale model is input to obtain the wind speed and wind speed frequency at the height of the fan impeller. In order to improve the accuracy of numerical simulation of micro scale CFD model, the large eddy simulation method is used to simulate the operation of wind farms. Complete theoretical power generation evaluation based on wind speed, wind speed frequency and generator power. The experimental results show that this method can accurately simulate wind resources and accurately evaluate the theoretical power generation of wind farms. The wind farm is rated as Level 3, and the wind frequency is mainly between 4 and 10 m/s. This method can ensure that the wind farm can generate electricity all year round without damaging the wind speed.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2023-01-12T11:34:08Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221149476
Numerical study on flow characteristics of shroud with and without flap
for wind turbine applications
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: L. Ramayee, K. Supradeepan
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  Shrouded wind turbines have the shroud added to the rotor’s circumference, enhancing wind power compared to conventional wind turbines. This article aims to design a shorter aerofoil cross-sectional enclosure for the wind turbine that improves average velocity and reduces drag, duct material volume, and tower load. Numerical simulations were performed to understand the characteristics of shroud alone and shroud with flap using ANSYS Fluent in the operating regime of the small wind turbine. The influence of the shroud’s length-to-diameter L/D ratio and angle on the performance was analyzed using a one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach, and the optimum values were found. Then the analysis was performed by including the flap at the exit of an optimized shroud. The shroud with flap results showed enhanced average velocity, increased mass flow rate, and higher drag forces than a single long shroud. In order to reduce the drag coefficient, the enclosure geometrical parameters were analyzed using the Design of Experiments (DOE) approach. The results show that the shroud L/D ratio significantly affects the average velocity. Moreover, the optimum combination was found as shroud L/D ratio=0.4, shroud angle=9°, flap L/D ratio=0.2, flap angle=16°, and radial distance of 0.2R. The proposed combination helps to get an acceleration factor of 1.78, a drag coefficient of 1.84, and a material volume of 0.7×10−3 m3. It was found that the optimal ratio of shroud L/D could be between 0.3 and 0.6, resulting in a higher acceleration factor, lower material volume, and shorter length. The drag forces acting in the shroud alone and shroud with flap were studied by analyzing the forces in every section. The results show that the negative drag force acts in the shroud’s inner leading edge.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2022-12-22T11:02:08Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221136541
Design and simulation of wind energy conversion system commanded by
converter and mechanical brake
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Souhir Tounsi
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  This paper concern the design and control of a wind energy conversion system regulating generator phase’s currents, voltages, and batteries charging voltage using barking systems and AC–DC converter. Indeed, the braking system permit the regulation of the generator’s angular speed and electromotives forces magnitude, and the AC–DC converter permit the regulation of the phase’s voltages, currents, and the batteries charging voltage. This method is suitable for permanent magnet axial ﬂux synchronous generators and for Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor converters (IGBT). In addition, we propose an innovative strategy to push the problem of adding an impedance matching transformer to minimize the over-current effect caused by the sudden variation of the voltage at the generator inductor using the AC–DC converter. It offers the advantage of power chain cost reduction and the improvement of its performances. The overall model of the power chain is implemented under the simulation environment MATLAB-Sumilink for performances analysis of studied structure.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2022-11-23T06:50:15Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221136543
AOA based optimal control of combined AVR-LFC model in wind integrated
power system
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Amita Singh, Veena Sharma, Vineet Kumar, Ram Naresh, Om Prakash Rahi
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  This manuscript analyses a case study of a wind-integrated power plant where an Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm-based Model Predictive Controller (AOA-MPC) has been employed for the combined control of voltage and frequency. The work in this manuscript considers stochastic variations in wind output caused by the small stochastic drifts and sudden deterministic shifts in the wind turbine output. The proposed controller’s performance has been judged after assessing the time response performance specifications/indices and comparing it with the existing recent methodologies available in the literature. Further improvement in frequency oscillations reduction has been obtained while considering the Redox Flow Battery (RFB) loop as an auxiliary Load Frequency Control loop. Moreover, the computational potential of the presented algorithm has been tested under different nonlinearities and time delay cases in the Area Control Error (ACE) of the load frequency control (LFC) loop.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2022-11-23T06:47:15Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221133791
Analysis of vertical axis wind turbine blade for off-shore applications
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Tareq Manzoor, Ghulam Abbas Gohar, Asim Asghar, Sanaullah Manzoor
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  In this work, static and dynamic analyses are carried out on VAWT blade using analytical and numerical methods to figure out reasons behind the failure in the blade for off-shore applications arising due to turbulence of wind. The design flaws and different operating conditions play major role in failure of blades. Fatigue life cycles, natural frequencies of blade in different modes and turbine harmonic frequency have been calculated analytically using Goodman’s and vibration analysis theories respectively. In analysis, life cycles, natural frequencies and mode shapes for VAWT blade are studied. Analytical and numerical results have been compared, life cycles and frequencies are determined. The numerical results showed good agreement with theoretical concepts.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2022-11-23T06:17:36Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221131999
A comparison study of HRES for electrification of a rural city in Algeria
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Adel Yahiaoui, Abdelhalim Tlemçani
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  Optimization is one of the most important branches of applied mathematics and much research both practical and theoretical has been devoted to it. In this in this paper we have used the software HOMER to solve optimization problem on optimal sizing of three hybrid renewable energy systems involving of PV panel, wind turbine, battery bank, electrolyzer, H2 tank, and fuel cell for possible installation in Timimoun city in Algeria desert. The proposed systems are applied for optimal configuration, minimization of the total net present cost (TNPC) and cost of energy (COE). The study showed us that each system provides electrical power for this region, TNPC of the PV/Wind/Battery system is 22,621,932 $ with COE of 1.673 $/kWh, it is the most expensive system that we cannot adopt because of its high cost. The PV/Wind/Electrolyzer/H2 tank/Fuel cell system is cheaper than the first in terms of TNPC which equal 14,945,818 $ with COE of 1.105 $/kWh. This system is also undesirable because it is more expensive than the PV/Wind/Battery/Electrolyzer/H2 tank/Fuel cell hybrid system. The TNPC of this system is 12,322,474 $ with COE of 0.912 $/kWh, which makes it cheaper than the first two systems. The results prove that the hybrid PV/Wind/Battery/Electrolyzer/H2 tank/Fuel cell system meet the electrical energy need of the region.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2022-11-08T01:09:25Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221133810
Technico-Economic Investigation of 100 MW Offshore Wind Farm in the Gulf
of Gabes, Tunisia
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Faten Attig Bahar, Uwe Rischel, Ahmed Soheyb Benabadji, Melik Sahraoui
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  Tunisia has set the target to generate 30% of its electrical energy from renewable sources by 2030. Wind turbines are supposed to contribute a significant part to this ambitious objective. There are excellent wind conditions in the north of Tunisia (near the coast) and in some areas in the south (part of the Sahara). In this context, the aim of this study is to carry out an economic feasibility Analysis of large-scale offshore wind farms to be implemented in Tunisia’s coastline between the cities of Sfax and Gabes, by estimating the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE). The energy yield of the wind farms was calculated using inhouse code using the available online data of ERA5 and the LCOE model was developed using local data relevant to the renewable energy framework and market expansion in Tunisia. Results showed that for a 108 MW wind farm, the annual energy production is 447 GWh/a, the capacity factor of 52% the LCOE is 81.5 USD/MWh.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2022-04-05T11:48:25Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221087311
Remaining useful life prognosis for wind turbine using a neural network
with a long-term prediction
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Lotfi Saidi, Arij Nasfia Hayder, Majdi Saidi
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  In this paper, an artificial neural network (ANN) is used to predict degradation phenomena occurring in high-speed shaft bearings wind turbine systems, and predict their remaining useful life (RUL). Two different prediction ways are possible. The first is known as short-term prediction, and it involves using measured three data from prior cycles to anticipate degradation in the present cycle. This is a future prediction. The difficulty with short-term prediction is that it is impossible to predict degradation in the future due to a lack of measurement data. Short-term prediction, on the other hand, is accurate because it is based on real measured data and the extrapolation distance is short. The second method is known as long-term prediction, where predicted degradations are used to predict the degradation at a further future time. This paper considers only the long-term prediction. The method was initially tested by using the experimental vibration data provided by the GPMS database, where the RUL was accurately predicted with a very small uncertainty.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2022-04-05T11:45:39Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221085133
Corrigendum to Fault diagnosis of wind turbine generator bearings using
fast spectral correlation
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2022-02-05T07:11:19Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X211069253
Analysis for the prediction of solar and wind generation in India using
ARIMA, linear regression and random forest algorithms
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Brajlata Chauhan, Rashida Tabassum, Sanjiv Tomar, Amrindra Pal
  First page: 251
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  This work focused on the prediction of generation of renewable energy (solar and wind) using the machine learning ML algorithms. Prediction of generation are very important to design the better microgrids storage. The various ML algorithms are as logistic regression LR and random forest RA and the ARIMA, time series algorithms. The performance of each algorithm is evaluated using the mean absolute error, mean squared error, root mean squared error, and mean absolute percentage error. The MAE value for the ARIMA (0.06 and 0.20) model for solar and wind energy is very less as compared to RF (15.65 and 61.73) and LR (15.78 and 54.65) of solar and wind energy. Same with MSE and RMSE, the MSE and RMSE value for the ARIMA of solar energy model obtained is 0.01 and 0.08 and wind energy is 0.07 and 0.27 respectively. Comparative analysis of all of these matrices of each algorithm for both the dataset, we concluded that the ARIMA model is best fit for the forecasting of solar energy and wind energy.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2022-11-03T12:04:22Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221126742
Optimal energy management of microgrid based wind/PV/diesel with
integration of incentive-based demand response program
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Ouassima Boqtob, Hassan El Moussaoui, Hassane El Markhi, Tijani Lamhamdi
  First page: 266
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  The combination of demand response as demand side management together with energy management system has become essential to minimize energy cost, to maintain continuous supply of electricity, and to improve the safety of power system operation. This paper studies the optimal energy dispatch of connected microgrid units containing photovoltaic panels, wind turbine generators, diesel generators, and the main grid. The optimal set point of microgrid’s units is determined to satisfy the required load demand for a day-ahead horizon time. As the demand response is an important way of demand side management, this paper proposes as the main contribution the implementation of demand response cost as one of the objective functions to be maximized to view its effect on load demand consumption, on MG energy production and on MG energy cost. The demand response is implemented by using an incentive based demand response program in the optimization model in addition to the fuel cost of diesel generators and the transfer cost of transferable power. The incentive payment offered by utilities is used to motivate consumers to change their energy consumption behavior and thus to reduce their power consumption and maintain the system reliability during on-peak periods. Thus the objective function is formulated to maximize microgrid operator’s demand response benefit, and to minimize both the fuel cost of diesel generators, and the transfer cost of transferable power. For this purpose, the defined objective function is solved by a Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization with Sine Cosine Acceleration Coefficients (H-PSO-SCAC) algorithm for an optimal energy management system of the connected microgrid. For the simulation tests, different algorithms are examined in order to validate the effectiveness of the H-PSO-SCAC algorithm. The impact of demand response program is analyzed on the load demand consumption, on the microgrid energy production and its influence on the optimized microgrid cost function. The results demonstrate that the implementation of demand response has changed the previous situation that costumers do not participate in the operation of the power system. And it enables microgrid to decrease load consumption, microgrid energy production, as well as energy cost.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2022-09-19T12:11:10Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221124335
Design and laboratory tests of flexible trailing edge demonstrators for
wind turbine blades
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Martin Pohl, Johannes Riemenschneider
  First page: 283
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  To increase the power yield, wind turbines have significantly grown in the last decades. Today, this growth is more and more limited by the weight of the structures and fatigue loads. To compensate these loads, especially flapwise root bending moments, trailing edge flaps can be used. They can change the lift of the blade with little delay to equalize the aerodynamic lift and by this reduce the fatigue amplitude. Such a trailing edge flap has been designed, developed, built and experimentally tested. It uses a flexible, morphing design to seal the entire mechanics against environmental influences, such as rain, dust, or insects. Therefore a design made from glass fiber reinforced plastics in combination with elastomer materials is used. In this paper the design process from the concept to two consecutive demonstrators is presented. Both are tested in the laboratory for their morphing characteristics.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2022-10-19T01:55:06Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221126743
Pitching compensation system to improve floating offshore wind turbine
performance
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Víctor Pérez, Carlos Armenta-Déu
  First page: 299
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  In this paper the inﬂuence of the wave oscillation on the behavior of ﬂoating off-shore wind turbine is analyzed. Aerodynamic analysis of forces on wind turbine blade has been carried out as a function of the wind turbine tilt angle due to wave oscillation. This analysis has resulted in a theoretical model based on the variation of the angle of attack which allows the characterization of the turbine under the effect of the oscillation of the sea surface. The results obtained show the inﬂuence of the oscillation in a particular case and its impact on the generated power. Subsequently, a so-called “pitching compensation” system that allows eliminating the effect produced by the variation in the angle of attack and, therefore, minimizing the effect of oscillation on the power generated, is proposed.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2022-10-28T02:15:32Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221127879
Systemic optimal control of wind energy system regulating conjointly
generator speed and battery recharging current
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Souhir Tounsi
  First page: 311
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  In this paper is presented an optimal control technology of wind energy system recovering energy in a battery energy accumulator. This control technology makes it possible to regulate the speed of the electric generator at its optimum value, to avoid any over-speed problems leading to strong increases in current in the electrical components of the wind turbine, and subsequently to its destruction. This control technology also makes it possible to maintain the induced electromotive forces in phase with the phase’s currents of the generator to have an additive electromagnetic torque, and in this way the recovered energy will be optimal. This control technology is based on two conversions, one is an Alternative-Continuous conversion performed by an AC-DC converter with IGBTs, and the other is a DC-DC conversion performed by a booster chopper to regulate the voltage of recharges batteries at its nominal value.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2022-10-18T02:04:58Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221127930
Numerical study of icing impact on the performance of pitch-regulated
large wind turbine
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Aleksei Kangash, Muhammad Shakeel Virk, Pavel Maryandyshev
  First page: 334
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  This paper presents a study of the impact of icing on the performance of a pitch-regulated large wind turbine. Numerical simulations of six blade sections of the NREL 5 MW wind turbine at various free stream velocities are performed. Blade Element Momentum (BEM) method along Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) bases multiphase numerical simulations are used for this study. Analysis shows that the simulated parameters are in good agreement with the real conditions for each blade element during operation, except for the three-dimensional effects. The analysis of accreted ice shapes and air/droplet flow fields around the blade profile sections was carried out, and the calculation of aerodynamic performance, and energy production degradation was also performed. The tip of the blade is most affected by icing, it is characterized by the greatest changes in the aerodynamic performance. Maximum reduction in the wind turbine performance is estimated to be around 24%.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2022-10-17T01:52:55Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221130110
Optimal systemic combined design and control of an automated wind energy
conversion system
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Souhir Tounsi
  First page: 347
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  In this paper, is presented a design and control toll of electromechanical braking system dedicated to wind energy conversion chain. The braking system makes it possible to apply pressure strength at the level of the rotating shaft near to the propeller of the wind turbine. This pressure force is transformed into a dry friction force via the mechanical part of the braking system consisting of a piece of brake lining and steel of the rotating shaft of the propeller. A program of dimensioning by the analytical method of a permanent magnet linear motor structure is developed. The interactions between this program and the braking system control algorithm are taken into account. The integration of the global model under the Matlab-Simulink simulation environment allows full validation of the presented study.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2022-10-17T02:16:52Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221130112
Investigation of LVRT capability of wind driven dual excited synchronous
generator
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Haitham Mahmoud Yassin, Ramadan Ragab Abdel Wahab, Hanafy Hassan Hanafy
  First page: 369
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  This paper proposes an effective control technique for low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability in dual excited synchronous generator (DESG) wind turbines. The proposed control technique is dependent on controlling the field circuit parameters. Where the active power is controlled by the field-current space phasor magnitude and the reactive power is controlled by the field-voltage space phasor phase. With the proposed control strategy, the DESG can generate additional reactive power to support grid voltage recovery under grid faults. The DC-link voltage is kept within an acceptable limit since the excess power, due to the power mismatch between the mechanical and armature power is stored in the generator inertia. Using the proposed control strategy, the DESG can enhance the LVRT capability efficiently without using extra protection circuits or any additional control techniques during fault conditions. To test the proposed control method, simulation, and experimental results for a 1.1 kW DESG wind turbine system were obtained.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2022-10-31T12:58:44Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221130718
Novel fully sensorless synergetic control of brushless doubly fed
induction machine integrated in wind energy conversion system driven by
fuzzy-based HCS MPPT algorithm
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Mohammed Beghdadi, Katia Kouzi
  First page: 385
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  This paper proposes a novel fully sensorless synergetic algorithm that adopts concerns from both power, torque, and speed of brushless doubly fed induction machine (BDFIM) for application in wind energy conversion system (WECS). A sensorless fuzzy-based hills climb search algorithm (HCS-MPPT) is introduced to the control system along with a comparison study with the conventional tip speed ratio algorithm (TSR-MPPT). For studying the feasibility of the suggested control, a robust control of the BDFIM based on synergetic control theory is build up for the first time ever on this machine type with different scenarios where the active and reactive power, the torque, and speed of the machine are controlled. In the second step, the aim is maximizing the wind’s energy extraction by replacing the wind speed sensors with a fuzzy-based HCS-MPPT approach. Lastly, to increase the robustness of the suggested scheme control, an extended Kalman filter EKF is employed for the estimation of rotor speed in presence of considerable noise values in order to make it closer to reality as possible. Computational simulation results confirm that the proposed method, consistently outperforms other techniques and proves effectiveness under several conditions.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2022-10-31T01:01:30Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221130723
GPU simulation of wake effects at the Horns Rev 1 offshore wind farm using
the CFD porous disk wake model
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Takanori Uchida, Teppei Tanaka, Ryuta Shizui, Hiroto Ichikawa, Ryo Takayama, Kazuomi Yahagi, Ryoya Okubo
  First page: 408
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  To verify the effectiveness of the GPU simulation of wake effects at a large-scale offshore wind farm, we ran an in-house large-eddy simulation (LES) solver with a CFD porous disk wake model for the Horns Rev 1 wind farm. For this numerical research, we prepared the latest workstation equipped with a Xeon W-2265 CPU and an NVIDIA RTX A6000 GPU. We clarified that the calculation speed of the single GPU of the NVIDIA RTX A6000 is approximately 10 times faster than the calculation speed of the Xeon W-2265. Careful data analysis and visualization of the unsteady turbulent flow fields obtained in the current LES study suggest that the mutual interference of the wakes developed by wind turbines may frequently form a local speed-up region around wind turbines, located on the downstream side of large offshore wind farms.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2022-11-02T01:06:03Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221132003
SCADA data for wind turbine data-driven condition/performance monitoring:
A review on state-of-art, challenges and future trends
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Ravi Pandit, Davide Astolfi, Jiarong Hong, David Infield, Matilde Santos
  First page: 422
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  This paper reviews the recent advancement made in data-driven technologies based on SCADA data for improving wind turbines’ operation and maintenance activities (e.g. condition monitoring, decision support, critical components failure detections) and the challenges associated with them. Machine learning techniques applied to wind turbines’ operation and maintenance (O&M) are reviewed. The data sources, feature engineering and model selection (classification, regression) and validation are all used to categorise these data-driven models. Our findings suggest that (a) most models use 10-minute mean SCADA data, though the use of high-resolution data has shown greater advantages as compared to 10-minute mean value but comes with high computational challenges. (b) Most of SCADA data are confidential and not available in the public domain which slows down technological advancements. (c) These datasets are used for both, the classification and regression of wind turbines but are used in classification extensively. And, (d) most commonly used data-driven models are neural networks, support vector machines, probabilistic models and decision trees and each of these models has its own merits and demerits. We conclude the paper by discussing the potential areas where SCADA data-based data-driven methodologies could be used in future wind energy research.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2022-09-19T12:08:10Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221124031
A comprehensive review on the advances in renewable wind power technology
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Patri Venkata Sesha Sudha Arundathi Parimala, Dhruv Sharma, Ribu Mathew
  First page: 442
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  In recent years, renewable energy generation, storage, and transmission has been the focus of research. Extraction of power from renewable energy sources is increasing rapidly. Progressively more wind farms are being fastened to the power grid. Large-scale merging of wind farms into electrical power grid presents a few challenges like voltage stability, system operation and control, and power quality due to usage of power electronic converters presenting a major bottleneck. This paper elucidates various types of wind power plant technologies, consequences of power electronic converters and reviews various types of system strength determination methods.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2022-12-14T11:11:08Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221124059
Investigation of optimal power flow solution techniques considering
stochastic renewable energy sources: Review and analysis
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Ankur Maheshwari, Yog Raj Sood, Supriya Jaiswal
  First page: 464
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  Increased penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) in power system networks poses several challenges in system planning and management due to their uncertain and non-dispatchable nature. Consequently, this paper presents a thorough and precise review of recent solution methodologies for solving the optimal power flow (OPF) problems incorporated with stochastic RESs based on multiple peer-reviewed research publications in reputed journals. The Teaching Learning Based Optimization algorithm has been discussed and implemented to solve the OPF problem considering solar photovoltaic, wind turbine, and tidal energy systems. Weibull, Lognormal, and Gumbel probability density functions representing the uncertainty associated with the availability of wind speed, solar irradiance, and tidal energy systems, respectively. The results obtained from the proposed technique validate its novelty regarding OPF problems like minimization of operating cost, power loss in transmission lines, enhancement of voltage profile, and voltage stability. The proposed solution technique for OPF problems is tested on a modified IEEE 30-bus test system. Thus, this study assists in understanding the OPF problem for new researchers concerned with this domain and also gives the idea of implementing nature-inspired optimization algorithms on a defined test system to solve the OPF problem.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2022-10-17T01:49:55Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221124000
The Betz limit and the corresponding thermodynamic limit
- Free pre-print version: Loading...
  Rate this result: What is this?
  
  Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
  A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
  
  Authors: Paulo Coelho
  First page: 491
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  The Betz’s limit for the maximum efficiency of an ideal wind turbine imposes a maximum value of about 60% on the conversion of the kinetic energy of an airflow into work. In this paper, we analyze the reason for this value because, from a thermodynamic point of view, it can be 100%. The present work explains the reason for this difference, since it appears to be relevant from a didactic point of view. However, from a practical point of view, the Betz’s limit does not affect in any way the more useful and widespread expression for calculating the ideal maximum power of a wind turbine, which is at the origin of the referred limit. Complementarily, two approaches for the calculation of the theoretical maximum efficiency, in line with thermodynamics, are also presented in this work.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2022-10-05T09:53:54Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221130109