JournalTOCs

Wind Engineering
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.296

Citation Impact (citeScore): 1
Number of Followers: 1

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 0309-524X - ISSN (Online) 2048-402X
Published by Sage Publications

[1176 journals]

A review of single stage and multistage power converters for doubly fed
induction generator integrated with power grid
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  Authors: Mansoor Soomro, Zubair Ahmed Memon, Mahesh Kumar, Mazhar Hussain Baloch, Nayyar Hussain Mirjat, Laveet Kumar
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  The doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is the most popular induction generator for onshore wind energy conversion system (WECS). Therefore, the purpose of research is to optimize power transfer from DFIG to power grid which requires frequency and voltage stability in power converters. Hence, the single-stage and multistage power converter topologies associated with grid-integrated DFIG are thoroughly examined in this work. In the single stage, a matrix converter and cycloconverter are used. Whereas, the multistage topologies include two-level back-to-back (2L-B2B) converter, Z-source converter, and multilevel converters. Furthermore, three-level neutral point clamped (3L-NPC) voltage source converters with battery energy storage systems (BESS) and modified superconducting fractional order terminal sliding mode controllers (MSTFOTSMC) have been used with multilevel converter both at rotor side converter (RSC) and grid side converter (GSC) for stabilized generated voltage and higher power output. The MATLAB simulation results demonstrate that the system effectively controls fluctuations in voltage and current thereby improving the power quality in unbalanced situations.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-08-04T08:10:52Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241263764
Disturbance observer-based finite-time adaptive neural control scheme of
DFIG-wind turbine
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  Authors: Naamane Bounar, Abdesselem Boulkroune, Sami Labdai, Larbi Chrifi-Alaoui, Hicham Khebbache
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  This paper introduces a novel disturbance observer-based finite-time adaptive neural control approach to optimize wind power conversion in a doubly fed induction generator-based wind turbines (DFIG-WT). This control strategy offers appealing features including rapid finite-time convergence, both transient and steady-state performance enhancements, and robustness against external disturbances and inherent model uncertainties. The control strategy integrates the neural networks estimation capability with the interesting proprieties of the finite-time control method to achieve efficient wind power conversion. Closed-loop finite-time stability is conducted using the finite-time Lyapunov stability concept of nonlinear systems. The developed control strategy’s effectiveness is confirmed through numerical simulation.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-08-04T08:06:28Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241263517
Numerical investigation into effects of slot control on flow around wind
turbine blades
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  Authors: Sasan Malekzadeh Dilmaghani, Saeid Abedini, Ayda Adelifar, Reza Mogani
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  This paper investigates the effects of slots on wind turbine blade sections on the reduction of fluid loads on the airfoil in turbulent flows. The governing conversation equations were discretized using the finite volume method (FVM), numerically simulating an unsteady flow with a turbulent regime. It was found that slots at ΨA70° and high angles of attack (AOAs) improved the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil and delayed the stall by 2°. The Cl-Cd ratio was 31.49%, 79.22%, and 29.66% higher in the slotted airfoil than in the non-slotted one at an AOA of 18°, 20°, and 22°, respectively. Furthermore, slots with ΨA70° at AOAs of 20° and 22° substantially reduced lift and drag variations on the airfoil.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-08-04T07:30:12Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241263516
A novel combination prediction model of ultra-short-term wind speed
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  Authors: Fei Tang
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  The accurate prediction of ultra-short-term wind speed has important theoretical significance and practical application value. In this paper, a combination prediction model of ultra-short-term wind speed based on variational mode decomposition is proposed. Firstly, the variational mode decomposition algorithm is introduced to decompose the ultra-short-term wind speed and obtain the components of different frequency. The approximate entropy algorithm is used to calculate the complexity of each component. According to the calculation results, echo state network is selected to predict high complexity components, support vector machine is used to predict medium complexity components, and autoregressive integrated moving average model is used to predict low complexity components. Then, the predicted values of each component are added to get the final prediction result. Gray wolf algorithm is used to optimize the model parameters of support vector machine and echo state network. In addition, the approximate entropy calculation results show that compared with the original ultra-short-term wind speed, the complexity of the components obtained by the variational mode decomposition algorithm is reduced, which makes the modeling of the ultra-short-term wind speed system simpler. Finally, the validity of the model is verified by taking the ultra-short-term wind speed data of 5 minutes and 10 minutes sampling period actually collected as the research object. The results show that the prediction model proposed in this paper has better performance than other single or combination prediction models.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-07-31T12:23:28Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241267287
Toward a physics-based model of power coefficient in horizontal-axis wind
turbine
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  Authors: Tuan-Anh Nguyen
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  Global energy is in a major shift from energy using fossil sources to renewable energy using more sustainable energy sources. The wind is the clean and inexhaustible one of renewable energy resources that is available in most parts of the world. In order for wind power generation to meet more ambitious targets around the world, it is necessary to understand all the physics behind process of wind generation. The most interesting of this process is the power coefficient which involves the real characteristics of the wind turbine as a function of the generated power. Up to now, the power coefficient does not yet have a general form but are fitted as mathematical functions from manufacturer data measured from popular wind turbines in the world. In this paper, we develop an analytical physics-based method to estimate the power coefficient general for various wind generation systems of horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWT). Instead of 12 parameters in semi-experimental exponential formula , our power coefficient uses only 5 parameters with their physical meanings. By varying these five parameters we also obtain the power coefficients fitted from experimental data.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-07-30T11:41:30Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241263600
Installing new additional blades arrangement for improving Savonius rotor
performance
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  Authors: Mahmoud Hassan Nasef, Bishoy Nabil Asaad Awad, Wageeh Ahmed AL-Askary
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  Savonius rotor is a vertical axis wind rotor that has a good attention due to its lower fabrication cost and receives air from any direction. In the present computational work, various arrangements will be introduced for the blades of Savonius rotor with the aim of improving the performance. Two-dimensional simulations are performed using ANSYS with the presence of the SST k-ω as a suitable turbulence model to analyze the flow around the rotor. The computational results include 12 different arrangements namely rotor 1 to rotor 12. The difference between all the studied rotors is the arrangement of an additional shape to the original blade of Savonius rotor. The addition of a flipper with a radius of curvature equivalent to 1.73 of the radius of the blade generates the best performance with an improvement of 38.5% in the power coefficient compared to the traditional rotor. The best design (known as case 1) has a pair of blades with a distance of 15% of the blade radius, which improves the performance by 28.3% compared to the traditional rotor.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-07-29T01:51:17Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241258478
Clustering-based theoretical line loss calculation method for low-voltage
transformer areas containing a high percentage of wind power distribution
networks
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  Authors: Cheng Xuke, Li Ping, Zhang Guanfeng, Sun Junjie, Qiao Junjie, Meng Xiaofang
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  The paper proposes a theoretical line loss calculation method for low-voltage terrace areas with a high proportion of wind power access. The method is based on two-stage hybrid clustering. The operating parameters of the station area are processed, and SOM-K-means hybrid clustering is used to determine the typical scenarios and time segments of typical monthly wind power curves. A theoretical model for calculating line loss power in distribution networks based on hybrid clustering is proposed. Additionally, a theoretical model for calculating line loss rate is suggested for different modes with a high proportion of wind power participation. Finally, this paper verifies the validity of its method and model by applying them to an actual station area with wind power output and load curve, completing the theoretical calculation, and comparing the results with those of the tidal method. This provides a fast and accurate calculation method for theoretical line loss calculation.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-07-29T01:50:18Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241264311
PSO-optimized sensor-less sliding mode control for variable speed wind
turbine chains based on DPIG with neural-MRAS observer
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  Authors: Lakhdar Saihi, Fateh Ferroudji, Khayra Roummani, Khaled Koussa, Larbi Djilali
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  This research introduces a resilient Sensor-Less 1st Sliding Mode (SL-FOSM) approach employing a novel observer, the Artificial Neural Network with Model Reference Adaptive System-Adaptive (Neural-MRAS), for wind turbine chains. The proposed model is implemented on a Doubly Powered Induction Generator (DPIG) operating under genuine variable speed conditions in the Adrar region in Algeria. The control objective is to independently regulate the active and reactive power of the DPIG stator, achieved through decoupling using the field-oriented control technique and control application via FOSM-C. Notably, this methodology reduces both the control scheme cost and the DPIG size by eliminating the need for a speed sensor (encoder). To enhance the MRAS-PI, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is suggested to replace the typical classical Proportional-Integral (PI) controller in the adaptation mechanism of MRAS. The rotor position estimation is scrutinized and discussed across various load conditions in low, zero, and high-speed regions. Optimal controller parameters are determined through particle swarm optimization (PSO). The results demonstrate that the proposed observer (Neural-MRAS) exhibits compelling attributes, including guaranteed finite time convergence, robust performance in response to speed variations, high resilience against machine parameter fluctuations, and adaptability to load variations when compared to the MRAS-PI. Consequently, the estimated rotor speed converges to its actual value, showcasing the capability to accurately estimate position across different speed regions (low/zero/high).
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-07-27T07:29:39Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241263591
Effective energy management strategy with a novel design of fuzzy logic
and JAYA-based controllers in isolated DC/AC microgrids: A comparative
analysis
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  Authors: Omar Makram Kamel, IM Elzein, Mohamed Metwally Mahmoud, Almoataz Y Abdelaziz, Mahmoud M Hussein, Ahmed A. Zaki Diab
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  The current widespread support of decarbonization and green energy has led to a notable increase in the incorporation of clean energy sources (CESs) in microgrids (MGs). CESs are intermittent, and if they become more widely used in MG, managing uncertainty will become more difficult. This is true even with the environmental and financial advantages of CESs. In this paper, the operation of a DC/AC MG, which integrates solar photovoltaics (PVs), wind farms, fuel cells (FCs), and battery chargers (BCs), is investigated and analyzed under uncertain conditions. The MG’s main energy source is thought to be the PV, while the FC and BC assist in maintaining the MG’s stability. A variable AC load and an electric vehicle charging system are fed by the MG. Two control system approaches have been designed and evaluated. The first is a new design of fuzzy logic controller (FLC), which is provided and applied to provide an adequate energy management system (EMS) for the investigated MG considering uncertainties of CESs. Moreover, JAYA-based optimal control has been developed. The proposed EMS is utilized to adapt the fuel consumption for the FC and the charging concept of Li-ions and to provide a constant load bus voltage. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested technique, the proposed novel design of FLC and JAYA-based controllers’ performance is tested under partial shadowing of the PV with abrupt load fluctuations of 25% and contrasted with the PI controller methodology, where it is designed using the Ziglar Nicolas technique. The obtained findings show how the suggested control technique improves the system and the MG’s dynamic performance. A MATLAB\Simulink simulation is carried out, and the outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the suggested strategy in managing uncertainty.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-07-27T07:21:50Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241263518
Optimizing efficiency and analyzing performance: Enhanced airfoil
cross-sections for horizontal axis small wind turbines
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  Authors: M. Mohamed Akheel, B. Sankar, K. Boopathi, D.M. Reddy Prasad, N. Prabhu Shankar, N. Rajkumar
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  This study explores modifications to the blade airfoil cross-sections aimed at improving the efficiency of a 10 kW Bergey EXCEL horizontal axis small wind turbine. Specifically, the research focuses on altering the camber and thickness of the turbine’s baseline airfoil, designated as SG6043. Using advanced aerodynamic analysis tools like QBlade, the performance of the modified airfoils EY05-10 and EY08-9 is evaluated. The findings show that these modified airfoils achieve a higher lift-to-drag ratio compared to the baseline. These improved airfoils are then incorporated into the turbine’s blade geometry using the WT_Perf software. The enhanced turbine’s power generation capabilities are subsequently assessed with FAST (Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence) version 8. Results reveal that at a wind speed of 15 m/s, the turbine with the modified blades produces 6.7% more power and 20.47% more annual energy than the original turbine.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-07-27T07:10:34Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241259946
Numerical investigation of the structural-response analysis of a
glass/epoxy composite blade for small-scale vertical-axis wind turbine
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  Authors: Hamza Nezzar, Fateh Ferroudji, Toufik Outtas
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  A Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) comprises multiple parts constructed from different materials. This complexity presents challenges in designing the blade structure. In this study, we investigated a structural optimization of a small-scale blade for a VAWT, with Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model. The purpose is to minimize the blade mass while adhering to a suite of critical wind conditions according to the IEC 61400-2 Standard. The structure made from Aluminum material simulates structure’s global behavior to determine maximum stress and deflection levels. The same structure is modeled using Glass/Epoxy composite for optimizing its design. Twenty combinations of Glass/Epoxy layers, varying in ply thickness and orientation, are simulated to find the most suitable combination. Results demonstrated that the optimization case [45°/90°/0°/−45°] obtained the minimum values of stress and deflection, is 59% lighter than Aluminum blade (initial design). The designed Glass/Epoxy composite blade is acceptable and recommended for structural safety.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-07-27T07:03:00Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241259945
Wind power development: A historical review
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  Authors: Erik Möllerström, Paul Gipe, Fredric Ottermo
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  Wind power only received occasional attention since the introduction of electricity until the 1970s, when a revived interest in alternative energy sources spurred the development thread that led to today’s wind turbines. Although attention and financial support at the time were directed toward government-funded MW-scale wind turbines, the small models developed in the late 1970s for the Danish market were ultimately the way forward. The wind industry has since matured, as evidenced by the lower specific power and higher capacity factors of recent turbine models and the similarity between their power curve shapes. Moreover, this study highlights two historical accomplishments by Europeans that are sometimes incorrectly credited to Americans: the first wind turbine to generate electricity was built in 1883 by Austrian Josef Friedländer and the Danish Agricco (1919) became the first public grid-connected wind turbine.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-07-24T05:30:13Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241260061
Effects of the influence of triangular dimple and aspect ratio on NACA
4412 airfoil on the overall performance of H-Darrieus wind rotor: An
experimental investigation
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  Authors: Avulamanda Siva Nagaraju, Rajat Gupta, Sumit Bhowmik
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  This study examines how adjusting aspect ratio (AR) and adding triangular dimples to the airfoil can enhance H-type Darrieus wind rotor (H-rotor) performance under low wind speeds (4, 6, and 8 m/s) using wind tunnel testing. Results show optimal performance at an AR of 1.0 for both standard and Triangular dimple airfoil H-rotors, with variations at different wind speeds for other aspect ratios. Triangular dimple-equipped H-rotors demonstrate improved self-starting capability and a wider operational range of tip speed ratio (TSR) compared to standard rotors, ensuring reliability across diverse wind conditions. Moreover, the triangular dimple rotor achieves a nearly 13.6% increase in maximum coefficient of power ([math]) compared to the dimple-free H-rotor at 4 m/s wind speed. This study underscores the efficacy of adjusting AR and integrating triangular dimple blades to enhance H-rotor performance, particularly in low wind speeds.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-07-23T08:44:50Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241256955
Application of DPC to improve the integration of DFIG into wind energy
conversion systems using FOPI controller
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  Authors: Mohamed I Mosaad
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  While the direct power control (DPC) approach has proven effective in improving the efficiency of wind energy conversion systems (WECS) using doubly fed induction generators (DFIG), its applicability is currently confined to a single usage and has not been extended to meet numerous applications. This work aimed to modify the implementation of DPC in WECS-DFIG for several objectives. This is accomplished by updating the reference power of the conventional DPC method into an adapted one to achieve two goals independently. The first objective is to track the maximum power during wind speed variations. This tracking is performed by updating the reference power to match the maximum available power at the current wind speed. The second purpose is to ensure that the WECS remains connected to the grid and continues to operate smoothly even in the event of faults; supporting fault-ride through (FRT) capability. That is achieved by reducing the reference power during these faults. The discrimination between these two objectives is based on the voltage level at the point of connecting WECS to the grid. The controller provided is an improved fractional order PI controller developed using arithmetic optimization technique (AOA). A comparison between the AOA and cuckoo search is presented. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the suggested configuration and regulator in enhancing the performance of integrating DFIG into the WECS in the presence of wind fluctuations and short circuit faults occurring. It is worth noting that AOA is better than cuckoo search in fine-tuning the settings of the FOPI controller.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-07-23T07:19:44Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241256956
Performance assessment of commercial wind turbines for low wind speed
regions
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  Authors: Zia ul Rehman Tahir, Ammara Kanwal, Muhammad Zeeshan Jamil, Imran Amin, Muhammad Abdullah, Usama Bin Saeed, Tariq Ali
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  Wind resource assessment of 12 sites in low-wind regions of Pakistan was conducted, focusing on wind data characteristics and wind speed distributions. A comparative performance evaluation of Power Law (PL) and Logarithmic Law (LogL) for interpolation (at 60 m) and extrapolation (at 80 m) of wind speed was performed. Performance analysis of over 500 commercial wind turbines was carried out in terms of Net Capacity Factor (NCF). The wind power density of all sites at 50 m, ranges from 33 to 244 W/m2, categorizing wind power class as either poor or marginal. The performance evaluation shows that PL and LogL perform better for interpolation and extrapolation respectively, at the same height. A turbine with cut-in and rated speed of 1.0 and 10 m/s respectively, achieves maximum NCF across all sites due to lowest cut-in speed. The NCF of the turbine for marginal wind power class sites ranged from 53% to 58%.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-06-14T05:19:45Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241250057
Applications of hybrid SMC and FLC for augmentation of MPPT method in a
wind-PV-battery configuration
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  Authors: Fatima Menzri, Tarek Boutabba, Idriss Benlaloui, Haneen Bawayan, Mohmed I Mosaad, Mohamed Metwally Mahmoud
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  Green energy sources (GESs) in electrical systems have become widely included in electrical networks for their significant subnational impacts on the economy and the environment. Regrettably, the power generating capacity of these GESs is significantly influenced by environmental circumstances, such as temperature and sun irradiation for PV systems and wind speed for WT systems. Environmental changes impact the power capacity of the electrical system since the maximum amount of power that can be generated will only be achieved by implementing control measures. This research aims to enhance the efficiency of a standalone renewable power system by optimizing the energy output from GESs using the MPPT technique, considering the impact of climate fluctuations. The standalone hybrid GESs combines PV and WT technologies with a BSS. For the PV and WT, a combinatorial MPPT technique is proposed to modify the control settings for this system optimally. This method is based on the SMC and FLC. The FLC plays a role in achieving the MPPT target by utilizing membership functions designed to handle uncertainties caused by shifting environmental conditions. Whereas for the BSS, an energy management plan is developed to optimize the performance of the HRES. The system under study outfitted with the MPPT technology, functions in tandem with a BSS. In case of failure or insufficient power generation from primary sources, a DC/DC bidirectional converter is employed to adjust the charging and discharging of the BSS, ensuring a stable supply of DC power. The system’s response in different climates is examined, and the proposed combination controller’s intended effectiveness is confirmed using MATLAB\Simulink. The investigated structure can achieve approximately 99.213% efficacy with the support of the proposed SMC-FLC method, which is 19.874% greater than the widely used P&O method.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-06-12T08:13:47Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241254364
Short-term wind power prediction based on improved sparrow search
algorithm optimized long short-term memory with peephole connections
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  Authors: Fei Tang
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  Accurate short-term wind power prediction is of great significance for the scheduling and management of wind farms. This paper proposes a model for short-term wind power prediction. Firstly, on the basis of traditional long short-term memory network, the peephole connections is added. The improved long short-term memory network is more stable compared to traditional long short-term memory neural networks and is suitable for regression prediction. Secondly, chaotic mapping, adaptive weights, Cauchy mutation, and opposition-based learning strategies are introduced to improve the sparrow search algorithm, and applied to optimize the four hyper-parameters of the long short-term memory network, greatly improving the prediction accuracy of the network. The effectiveness of the model is validated using two short-term wind power datasets with sampling times of 10 and 30 minutes respectively, combined with some fitting curves and performance indicators. The comparison results indicate that the proposed short-term wind power prediction model has high prediction accuracy.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-06-11T06:08:28Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241257429
Hybrid permanent magnet synchronous generator as an efficient wind energy
transducer for modern wind turbines
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  Authors: Nadia A Elsonbaty, Mohamed A Enany, Mahmoud M Elymany
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  This paper investigates a novel control strategy that enables hybrid excitation permanent magnet synchronous generator (HPMSG) to track the optimal extracted power of the modern wind turbine type (NASA-NSF). The proposed control mathematical model is based on two cases of variable speed—Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) and variable speed—Constant Power Point Tracking (CPPT). The later one is specified for wind gust and higher than rated wind speed withstanding operation. The HPMSG generator quantitative performance characteristics are presented and validated through simulation for both steady and dynamics states. Simulation results prove the capability of the generator to operate correctly under load and speed variation over both MPPT and CPPT. The output voltage stays, in both cases, within the much lower limits that imposed by maximum values.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-06-11T06:06:01Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241256957
Wind farm power curve characterization under different atmospheric
stability regimes
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  Authors: Joaquin Gonzalez, Everton de Almeida, Alejandro Gutiérrez
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  Wind farm power curves are particularly relevant in different applications. A better understanding of wind farm power curves under different atmospheric regimes is sought. In the present work, the atmospheric stability regime was identified by the vertical gradient of the potential temperature. Vertical profile of the wind velocity presented a clearly different pattern during the stable and unstable regimes. Analysis was performed considering 5 years of data from three wind farms, each corresponding to different mesoscale wind. Power curves are presented as a function of atmospheric stability. For each wind farm, we utilized wind velocity and temperature data measurements of a correspondent near the tower location. Clearly different patterns of wind farm power curves were observed as a function of the stability regime, with clear differences in the dependence of mesoscale wind regimes. For the same mean velocity, wind power production is greater for higher values of turbulence intensity TI.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-05-31T08:34:24Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241254473
Numerical investigation on effect of leading-edge deformation to alleviate
dynamic stall of pitching airfoil in unsteady flow
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  Authors: Fardin J Shojae, S M H Karimian
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  Dynamic stall is a serious phenomenon that restricts aeronautical vehicles’ maneuverability. It happens on the blades as their angle of attack increase, especially on the blade of wind turbines. In this paper, two airfoils are investigated in actual conditions. To alleviate dynamic stall the geometries of the airfoils are modified by drooping and rounded leading-edge tip method and also combination of both. To study the effect of the modifications, the unsteady flow fields around the pitching airfoils, numerically simulated using URANS. Results illustrates, in addition to alleviate dynamic stall, the methods enhance aerodynamic characteristics by reducing drag force and preventing sudden jump of lift force, especially at the maximum angle of attack. Finally, a detailed investigation is conducted on the flow behavior around the airfoil to discover the supporting physics behind the improvements made by the present methods. Which revealed that these two passive methods, aim to prevent the formation of leading-edge vortex on the airfoil which finally delays the dynamic stall.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-05-31T08:33:05Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241247232
Wind-powered irrigation in Ghana: A review
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  Authors: Rosa ME Djangba, Denis EK Dzebre, Muyiwa S Adaramola
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  Access to energy is critical for promoting economic growth and alleviating poverty. Cost-effective and dependable energy services are essential for modernising agriculture, expanding trade, saving lives, growing industries and empowering women. Renewable energy resources, which include wind, are employed worldwide to augment energy needs. Apart from generating electricity, it has also been harnessed for pumping water, milling grains, and irrigation in agriculture. Farming remains one of the significant economic activities in Ghana, and for farmers to stay in business all year, they must irrigate their farmlands. Through its Irrigation Development Authority, the Government of Ghana promotes irrigation among farmers. Irrigation in Ghana is mainly done by fossil fuel-operated pumps or manual labour, with little or no irrigation powered by renewable sources. Though the Ministry of Energy and Food and Agriculture promoted the Poldaw Windpump for irrigation and communal water supply in 2004, wind-powered irrigation is non-existent in Ghana. This paper reviews wind irrigation development in Ghana. It highlights the piloting of the Poldaw Windpump in Ghana and the present situation in the country.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-05-31T05:06:30Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241250055
Optimal power dispatch in hybrid power system for medium- and large-scale
practical power systems using self-adaptive bonobo optimizer algorithm
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  Authors: Ramzi Kouadri, Souhil Mouassa, Francisco Jurado
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  Incorporating renewable energy sources (RESs) introduces a notable amount of uncertainty in the optimal planning and operation of electrical power grids. Under these circumstances, this paper proposes the application of a recently introduced metaheuristic optimization technique to solve the stochastic optimal power flow (OPF) problem involving wind and solar power sources. The self-adaptive bonobo optimizer (SaBO) is used to minimize three distinct objective functions: (i) Total generation cost (TGC) minimization, including both thermal and wind/solar generation costs, (ii) Power loss minimization, (iii) Combined generation cost and emissions effect minimization. The costs associated with the stochastic generation of wind and solar power included direct costs, reserves and penalty costs from the overestimation and underestimation of available wind and solar power, respectively. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated on two power systems: the modified IEEE 30-bus and the Algerian DZA 114-bus test systems. To demonstrate the efficacy of the SaBO, the obtained results have been compared with those obtained from the Kepler optimization algorithm (KOA) and other recently published optimizers under the same case studies and constraints. The comparative results clearly show the superiority of the SaBO algorithm over all other well-known optimization algorithms provided in the literature for solving the OPF problem. This is evidenced by minimizing total generation costs of 781.2363 $/h for the modified IEEE 30-bus and 16,706.1630 $/h for the Algerian DZA-114-bus system. Furthermore, the integration of RES led to a notable 2.33% and 11.67% reduction in total generation cost for the IEEE 30-bus and Algerian DZA 114-bus systems, respectively, compared to their initial configurations without RESs. The promising findings highlight the powerful of the optimizer to solve non-linear and complex optimization problems in power systems.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-05-28T12:38:06Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241253848
An optimal regulation of grid-connected doubly-fed induction generator
angular speed and the DC-link voltage
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  Authors: Ravi Bhushan, Kalyan Chatterjee
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  In this work, a linear quadratic regulator controller is utilized to optimize the gains of the machine-side converter and grid-side converter controllers. The DC-link voltage and the rotational speed of the doubly-fed induction generator are optimally regulated by these controls. Additionally, the small-signal stability of the proposed system has been evaluated using the linearized model of the system. The small-signal stability analysis of the designed system has been accomplished through the application of the eigenvalues and participation factors technique. The suggested controller has been tested in a variety of operating conditions under small disturbances. MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation simulations have been used to evaluate the efficacy of the suggested optimal control system. Additionally, the generator-angular speed and DC-link voltage dynamic performances demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed controller. Finally, the robustness of the proposed controller has also been tested and validated using OPAL-RT technology under large perturbations at stator terminal voltage.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-05-28T12:36:47Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241250054
The influence of dynamic pitching on the aerodynamic performance of large
horizontal axis wind turbines
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  Authors: Congxin Yang, Yi Dai, Shoutu Li, Kunyun He
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  To delve into the aerodynamic changes of wind turbines during pitching, this study employs the user-defined function (UDF) and dynamic mesh technique. The dynamic aerodynamic performance of a 3.3 MW turbine blade during variable pitch is investigated via numerical simulation. The results show that the optimal pitch angle increases with increasing incoming wind speed. At the initial and final stages of pitch change, the wind turbine experiences the influence of impact loads, leading to minor fluctuations in torque and thrust coefficients. Within the dynamic pitch change process, the pitch angle notably affects the aerodynamic performance of airfoils at blade x/c = 0~0.6 c cross sections. The primary stress area of the airfoil contracts, with the blade root experiencing comparatively less impact. In the constant-wind-speed pitching scenario, the low-speed region in the immediate wake of the wind turbine diminishes, resulting in a 10.7% enhancement in the average wind speed at 2.5D wake.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-05-27T10:36:27Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241250056
Wind speed estimation and maximum power point tracking using neuro-fuzzy
systems for variable-speed wind generator
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  Authors: Mahdi Hermassi, Saber Krim, Youssef Kraiem, Mohamed Ali Hajjaji, Mohamed Faouzi Mimouni, Abdellatif Mtibaa
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  This paper proposes a novel method using a machine learning-based Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) to optimize Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in variable-speed Wind Turbines (WT). The ANFIS algorithm, blending artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic, addresses issues with traditional wind speed sensors, such as cost, imprecision, and susceptibility to adverse weather conditions. An initial offline-trained ANFIS is suggested to understand turbine power characteristics, and subsequently estimate varying wind speed, addressing strong nonlinearity due to WT aerodynamics and wind speed fluctuations. A second ANFIS efficiently tracks the maximum power point, overcoming limitations of linear controllers. Implemented in Matlab/Simulink for a 3.5 kW WT, the approach demonstrates effectiveness, precision, and faster response time in wind speed estimation and accurate MPPT compared to alternatives. A notable advantage is its independence from instantaneous wind speed measurement, providing a cost-effective solution for wind energy systems.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-05-13T12:22:33Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241247231
Research on formation mechanism and output effect of wind turbine
ice-covered blades
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  Authors: Xin Guan, Mingyang Li, Wei Wu, Yuqi Xie, Yongpeng Sun
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  Considering the physical characteristics of wind turbine wing icing, icing synthesis rate, and icing type, we selected the icing type and surface roughness of ice-coated blades as sensitive parameters. The focus of our research was on the equivalent particle roughness height correction model, and we numerically analyzed the two icing processes (frost ice and clear ice) on wind turbine blade surfaces by combining FENSAP-ICE and FLUENT analysis tools. We predicted the ice type on blade surfaces using a multi-time step method and analyzed how variations in icing shape and ice surface roughness affect the aerodynamic performance of blades during frost ice formation or clear ice formation. Our results indicate that differences in blade surface roughness and heat flux lead to disparities in both ice formation rate and shape between frost ice and clear ice. Clear ice has a greater impact on aerodynamics compared to frost ice, while frost ice is significantly influenced by the roughness of its icy surface. These findings can serve as valuable references for wind power operators and manufacturers seeking solutions to issues related to blade surface icing under extremely cold conditions.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-05-13T11:17:51Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241240496
Optimal techno-economic design of PV-wind hydrogen refueling stations
(HRFS) for 20 selected Saudi sites
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  Authors: Fakher Oueslati, Salwa Fezai
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  The current study proposes a model of an autonomous HRFS installed on different sites in 20 Saudi cities powered by renewable clean energy sources. The station is fully powered by photovoltaic (PV) panels and wind turbines involving an electrolyzer and hydrogen tank for producing and storing hydrogen. Three scenarios are investigated to propose an optimized model, namely Scenario 1 containing (PV-Wind-Battery) system, Scenario 2 with (Wind-Battery) technologies, and Scenario 3 with (PV-Battery) components. The HRFS is expected to feed the load hydrogen demand of 25 hydrogen cars with a storage tank capacity of 5 kg. The simulation is carried out using the well-known HOMER software and the description of the technical parameters of the renewable plant together with a detailed economic feasibility for the investigated cities are also performed. Furthermore, the optimization process executed demonstrates a competitive levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) especially for the third scenario with a LCOH varying within $12–15.9/kg and LCOE in range $ 0.332–0.414/kWh, for all 20 cities. For instance, encouraging lowest values of net present cost (NPC) and LCOE are obtained for the futuristic NEOM mega city relatively to the first and third scenarios with values (NPC = $1,576,000, LCOE = $ 0.627/kWh) and (NPC = $830,494, LCOE = $ 0.332/kWh), respectively. On another hand, thorough analysis of PV/Wind hydrogen technoeconomic operation is provided including improvements recommendations, scenarios comparison and environmental impact discussion.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-04-29T08:50:55Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241247229
Wind tunnel tests of a two-bladed Savonius wind rotor with novel parabolic
blades
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  Authors: Man Mohan, Ujjwal K Saha
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  The study presents an experimental research on a vertical-axis Savonius wind rotor featuring optimized parabolic blades. This parabolic blade is developed by optimizing its sectional cut-angle through a series of numerical simulation. The parabolic-bladed Savonius rotor of various aspect ratios is tested in a low-speed wind tunnel to evaluate its power coefficient (CP) along with its self-starting capability. For a direct comparison, the tests are also conducted for a rotor with the semicircular blades. The wind tunnel tests demonstrate the peak CP of the parabolic and conventional semicircular bladed rotors to be 0.165 and 0.138, respectively at a tip-speed ratio of 0.67 and an aspect ratio of 0.9. The wind rotor with the parabolic blades shows an improvement of CP by 19.56% against its conventional semicircular counterpart. With the inclusion of blockage correction, the test rotors with parabolic and semicircular blades show the CP of 0.161 and 0.134, respectively.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-04-26T06:05:48Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241239983
A fast multi-objective pelican optimizer for optimal coordination of DGs
and DSTATCOM considering risk penetration level of wind
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  Authors: Belkacem Mahdad
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  In this study, a new variant, the fast pelican optimizer (FPO), is proposed to improve the performance of the radial distribution network (RDEN). The proposed variant is characterized by creating a dynamic interaction between two phases, exploration and exploitation, during the search process. The modifications introduced within the standard algorithm allow the proposed new variant, namely FPO, to be fast and adaptive to efficiently solve various complex optimization problems. In the first stage, the proposed FPO is newly adapted and applied to solve the optimal locations of various types of distributed generation based renewable sources and multi shunt compensators, namely the DSTATCOM devices based FACTS technology, and in the second stage, the proposed FPO is applied to optimize the active power of DG units in coordination with the reactive power of multi DSTATCOM. Three objective functions, such as the total power losses, the total voltage deviation, and the margin stability, are optimized individually and in coordination to enhance the performances of the practical radial distribution network (RDEN) 33-bus. A deep comparative study in terms of solution quality and convergence accuracy based statistical analysis is elaborated to demonstrate the competitive aspect of the proposed FPO.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-04-25T06:49:31Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241241795
Reconfiguration of distribution network-based wind energy resource
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  Authors: Mohammad Kazeminejad, Mozhdeh Karamifard, Ali Sheibani
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  This study proposed a method for optimizing a radial distribution network by integrating wind turbine allocation, considering fluctuating load demands, through the use of a hybrid Grey Wolf Optimizer-Genetic Algorithm (HGWOGA). This approach aims to decrease the network’s energy loss costs. By incorporating genetic algorithm techniques, the method enhances the Grey Wolf Optimizer’s efficiency, speeding up convergence and avoiding local optima. The strategy determines the network’s open lines and the placement and capacity of wind turbines, adhering to radiality and operational constraints. It categorizes load levels into residential, commercial, and industrial, providing a comprehensive analysis of energy losses and their cost implications under various scenarios, including constant and dynamic loads. The study suggests that managing time-varying demand offers a more accurate depiction of network challenges, enabling effective reconfiguration throughout different demand phases. Moreover, HGWOGA demonstrates its ability to find the global optimum efficiently, even with reduced population sizes—a feat not achievable with the Grey Wolf Optimizer alone. Comparative analyses reveal HGWOGA’s effectiveness in curbing network energy loss costs better than previous methodologies. By simultaneously applying network reconfiguration and wind turbine allocation, as opposed to merely reconfiguring the network, this approach notably reduces power loss, diminishes the cost of losses, and enhances the voltage profile. This synergistic strategy leverages the dynamic allocation of wind turbines within the network, optimizing energy flow and distribution efficiency, thereby offering a substantial improvement over conventional network reconfiguration methods.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-04-23T06:17:36Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241247230
Control of DFIG-based microgrid and seamless transition from stator
connected and disconnected modes
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  Authors: Bisma Hamid, Sheikh Javed Iqbal, Ikhlaq Hussain
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  This study aims to ameliorate the contribution capability of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) to participate in standalone microgrid operation. The islanded microgrid consists of a solar photovoltaic array for solar energy conversion and battery energy storage in addition to DFIG-based wind energy conversion system. Using a simplified control approach, the study describes multi-mode operation of a DFIG-based AC/DC microgrid using a stator-side solid-state transition switch (SSTS). Using SSTS operation, the DFIG stator can be seamlessly disconnected and reconnected from the point of common coupling without interrupting power to the loads in the microgrid. Additionally, non-ideal AC loads can be handled efficiently without the need for computationally exhaustive approaches to enhance stator voltages and currents.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-04-10T08:43:09Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241240982
Repowering feasibility of Indian wind energy sector: A case study
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  Authors: Aswin Anil Bindu, KC Sindhu Thampatty
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  Repowering wind farms entails upgrading or replacing old turbines with more efficient, capable, and profitable ones. This technique has the potential to boost energy production, improve grid integration, and lower operational costs. Repowering also makes use of the most recent breakthroughs in wind energy technology, ensuring that wind farms stay economically viable and contribute to the growth of renewable energy. The majority of the wind farms that are located in India were constructed in early 2000, and their capacity ratings range from 200 kW to 800 kW. The lifespans of these wind farms have finally come to an end. Repowering wind farms is a viable alternative in these regions due to the significant wind capacity that exists there. In order to find the wind potential in the site wind resource assessment is needed. This paper proposes a repowering scheme for the existing wind farm located in Kayathar, Tamil Nadu. The reduction in power loss due to the wake effect in the existing wind farm is analyzed using WAsP software and repowering scheme is proposed to increase the Annual Energy Production (AEP), Capacity Utilisation Factor (CUF). The Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP) is utilized in order to carry out the site’s wind resource evaluation. After the wind resource assessment, individual turbine wake loss is identified, and the viability of repowering the wind farm by raising the hub height of high wake-affected turbines was investigated. Another repowering study is also carried out by installing high-capacity turbines in place of the existing turbines.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-04-10T08:36:10Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241238244
Numerical and experimental investigations in a cracked wind turbine blade
using natural frequencies
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  Authors: Sourabh Kulkarni, Suresh Patil
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  In this study, the vibration behavior of a wind turbine blade under influence of the transverse crack was studied. A mathematical model based on free vibration of the blade with induced transverse crack was prepared to estimate the natural frequencies. Wind turbine blade was modeled considering double tapered beam with linearly varying width and thickness keeping constant aspect ratio. A Matlab program was constructed to obtain the frequencies from mathematical model. Modal analysis of wind turbine blade was performed simulating the induced transverse crack of different depths at various locations to estimate the natural frequencies using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analyzer. To verify the results obtained from mathematical model and modal analysis, finite element analysis was performed. Same methodology of FEA was implemented on another blade with different aspect ratio and blade profile to verify the obtained results. It was observed that the methods adopted are in correlation with one another depicting reduction in natural frequencies as crack approaches to the free end of blade as well as for increased depth of crack signifying reduction in stiffness of the blade.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-04-08T05:39:34Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241238242
Systemic optimal design of wind energy generator based on combined
analytical-finite element method using genetic algorithms
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  Authors: Souhir Tounsi
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  This work deals with optimal systemic design of wind energy generator based on an Integrated Optimal Design (IOD) methodology of a full passive wind turbine system. The originality of the study resides in the use of DC model of wind turbine the make the integration of this model to Genetics Algorithms method possible. The optimization problem concerns the association of the DC model of the wind turbine with a developed Genetics Algorithms to optimize conjointly the global power system mass and total power system energy losses with several constraints. The generator is designed by analytical method validated by finite element method.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-04-08T05:34:36Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241237734
A new two-stage decomposition and integrated hybrid model for short-term
wind speed prediction
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  Authors: Ying Han, Chi Zhang, Kun Li
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  Accurate wind speed prediction is of essential importance for the stability and safe operation of power systems. Given the complexity of wind speed sequence, this paper proposed a new two-stage decomposition and integrated hybrid model to improve the accuracy of wind speed prediction. A two-stage decomposition method combining robust local mean decomposition (RLMD), sample entropy (SE) and variational modal decomposition (VMD) was used to decompose the wind speed signal in the data preprocessing stage. Firstly, the wind speed signal was decomposed into various components by RLMD, and the complexity of each component was calculated using the SE to classify them into random, detail component and trend component. Then, a secondary decomposition of the random component with the highest SE was performed using the VMD. In the prediction stage, two different prediction models were used for prediction depending on the smoothness of each component. Stochastic configuration networks (SCN) was used to predict the detail and trend components with relatively smoothness. Echo state network (ESN) was used to predict the components of the secondary decomposition. Finally, the actual wind speed data were compared by different prediction models, which illustrated that the prediction method proposed in this paper had good prediction accuracy and generalizability.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-04-06T10:19:23Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241237964
Statistical post-processing of numerical weather prediction data using
distribution-based scaling for wind energy
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  Authors: AG Rangaraj, Y Srinath, K Boopathi, Reddy Prasad D M, Sushanth Kumar
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  The performance of numerical weather prediction models has improved dramatically recently. However, model biases remain a fundamental limitation prohibiting the direct implementation of model results. There are several ways to describe wind speed data. The Weibull and lognormal distributions are used to obtain the best-fit model for the wind speed data. This study aims to develop a statistical post-processing method based on the distribution-based scaling (DBS) approach, which scales NWP data to fit the distribution derived using recorded wind speed at that site location. The performance of the suggested method was evaluated using four different error measures. The optimal model is anticipated to have the lowest Mean Bias Error (MBE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean square Error (RMSE), and variance (s2) values. It was determined that employing a DBS strategy significantly improved the NWP by at least 75%.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-03-23T06:14:26Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241238353
Development of an intelligent solution for the optimization of a hybrid
system using renewable energy sources
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  Authors: Adel Yahiaoui, Abdelhalim Tlemçani, Omar Labbadlia
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  Renewable energy technologies offer the promise of clean and abundant energy harvested from natural resources, self-renewable sources such as sun, wind, water, earth, and plants. In this work, we optimize the hybrid system using Homer power program, where the hybrid system is composed by solar panels, wind turbines with batteries to supply 20 homes that are not equipped with electricity in Ouzera area (Medea, Algeria), and by taking the results presented by the Homer program for Ouzera region, we obtained the cost of each day, of each season and the cost of energy ($/kWh), as well as the optimal number and characteristics for each solar panels and wind turbines with storage batteries. The homer software allows us to obtain real results in taking into account the constraints cost and variations in off-grid weather data. The most important criterion of this technique for optimizing renewable energy systems was the cost, seeking to minimize the expenses, while ensuring optimum quality and continuity of electricity supply.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-03-12T11:56:17Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241227432
A novel robust nonlinear optimal second-order sliding mode control scheme
for power optimization of wind energy conversion systems
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  Authors: Arefe Shalbafian, Soheil Ganjefar
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  In this article, we propose a novel robust nonlinear optimal second-order sliding mode controller using the homotopy perturbation method (RNOSOSMC-HPM) to maximize wind power capture and minimize the mechanical stress on the drive train. To design the nonlinear optimal controller, the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is applied to compute the approximate solution of the partial differential Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation. Next, the nonlinear optimal controller is combined with a second-order sliding mode controller to create robustness and eliminate chattering. The RNOSOSMC-HPM controller can provide safe wind turbine operation under uncertainties and create a good trade-off between maximizing the wind power captured and attenuating the mechanical loads by minimizing the control input. To investigate the effectiveness of the presented the RNOSOSMC-HPM controller, we compare the results of the proposed method with some existing control schemes in two different scenarios. The results indicate that the RNOSOSMC-HPM controller furnishes desired responses.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-03-05T08:53:49Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241229403
A comprehensive overview of wind turbine controller technology: Emerging
trends and challenges
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  Authors: Aqeel S Jaber, Hayder B Mahdi, Thealfaqar A Abdul-jabbar, Hossam Kotb, Kareem M AboRas, Yazeed Yasin Ghadi, Ahmed Emara, Adel Oubelaid
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  The exploitation of nature to convert energy to electrical power is the most important rule in power generation. Wind energy is one of the most important of those energies that are widely available, and its use does not affect the environment significantly compared to fossil energy. On the other hand, and in recent times, researchers have made great efforts in the field of intelligent control and optimization, which has led to great leaps in the development of these sciences. In this paper, a detailed study is proposed for filling the gaps and conducting an updating state-of-arts of the last pitch control methods in the wind turbine systems. The review is conducted by comparing the key requirements related to control, complexity, stability and speed rangeability. Furthermore, a new classification for the general controller is introduced according to the techniques. Several recommendations for future research related to the control and technical evaluation of wind energy are presented. In sum, the appropriate classification of such important issues and identification of their advantages and drawbacks may greatly contribute to find better solutions.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-03-04T11:35:39Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241230632
Effects of the morphed trailing-edge flap parameters on the aerodynamic
performance of NREL Phase II wind turbine
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  Authors: Rui Yin, Jian-Bin Xie, Ji Yao
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  This study assesses the impact of three morphed trailing-edge flap (MTEF) parameters (flap deflection angle β, flap length b, and flap span length l) on increasing power and axial thrust coefficients and their comprehensive effect on wind turbines using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The detailed analysis is performed on seven morphed blades at eight different wind velocities. The obtained results show that β results in the largest unit power coefficient increase rate and unit axial thrust coefficient increase rate, while l results in the smallest ones. In addition, b results in the largest power-thrust ratio increase rate. The optimum blade is achieved for β = 3°, b/c = 0.3, and l/R = 0.3, which results in additional power increase of 15.24% and axial thrust increase of 9.53% at a tip speed ratio of 5.949, compared with the original wind turbine.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-02-29T09:11:36Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241232158
Exploration of bioinspired small wind turbine blade manufacturing
alternatives: Defining materials and processes
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  Authors: Luis Felipe Quesada-Bedoya, Jonathan Sandoval-Guerrero, Santiago Bernal-Del Ro, Ricardo Mejía-Gutiérrez, Gilberto Osorio-Gómez
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  In the domain of Horizontal Wind Turbines, the key role of blade material and process selection is discussed. Existing methodologies and manual manufacturing processes, while addressing this issue, suffer from complexity and environmental drawbacks. To mitigate these issues, the study introduces a comprehensive methodology for the selection, implementation, testing and analysis of materials and processes for small blade construction, taking into account various constraints. The research conducts a thorough exploration of manufacturing processes, considering factors such as time, affordability, machine accessibility, repeatability, elements to be manufactured, and adaptability to complex surfaces. A systematic comparison of materials and processes, along with proposed filtering methods, reveals that rotomolding/polyurethane casting exhibits superior performance due to improved energy capture and inertia. The study underscores the importance of careful material and process selection to optimize blade efficiency and highlights the need for further research to address mechanical, economic, environmental, scalability, and material advancement challenges.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-02-21T11:11:26Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241229405
Will wind power be cost-effective for decarbonizing the city of
Tabriz-Iran, whose economy is oil-based, and how'
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  Authors: Mahmoud Ouria, Pedro S Moura, Aníbal T de Almeida
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  This paper investigates the decarbonization of Tabriz-City focusing on its wind power for electrification. Statistical, quantitative, comparative, and simulation-research-methods used to analyze the existing and future total energy consumption, demand, and cost in the city according to carbon-based and wind-based electricity. The Monte Carlo Simulation Method has been used to estimate the probability of the Levelized Cost of Electricity. Tabriz thermal power plant generates 1kWh electricity that costs 0.15 US$/kW without subsidies and produces 575 g.CO2/kW.h overall while it will plunge to 0.05US$/kWh producing 7 g.CO2/kWh using wind. The NPV and IRR (32%) analysis show that that investment in wind-based electricity is three times cheaper than thermal power electricity in Tabriz. It is shown that the electrification of an oil-based economy with wind-based power plants is an economical investment for the city. Besides the hub-height and rotor sweep area, the capacity factor is the most decisive in the productivity of the alternative turbines.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-02-19T12:22:56Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231216398
Optimal power flow of thermal-wind-solar power system using enhanced
Kepler optimization algorithm: Case study of a large-scale practical power
system
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  Authors: Mokhtar Abid, Messaoud Belazzoug, Souhil Mouassa, Abdallah Chanane, Francisco Jurado
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  In the current century, electrical networks have witnessed great developments and continuous increases in the demand for fossil fuels based energy, leading to an excessive rise in the total production cost (TPC), as well as the pollutant (toxic) gases emitted by thermal plants. Under this circumstances, energy supply from different resources became necessary, such as renewable energy sources (RES) as an alternative solution. This latter, however, characterized with uncertainty nature in its operation principle, especially when operator system wants to define the optimal contribution of each resource in an effort to ensure economic and enhanced reliability of grid. This paper presents an Enhanced version of Kepler optimization algorithm (EKOA) to solve the problem of stochastic optimal power flow (SOPF) in a most efficient way incorporating wind power generators and solar photovoltaic with different objective functions, the stochastic nature of wind speed and solar is modeled using Weibull and lognormal probability density functions respectively. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed EKOA, various case studies were carried out on two test systems IEEE 30-bus system and Algerian power system 114-bus, obtained results were evaluated in comparison with those obtained using the original KOA and other methods published in the literatures. Thus, shows the effectiveness and superiority of the efficient EKOA over other optimizers to solve complex problem. The incorporation of RES resulted in a significant 2.39% decrease in production cost, showcasing EKOA’s efficiency with a $780/h, compared to KOA’s $781/h, for IEEE 30-bus system. For the DZA 114-bus system revealed even more substantial reductions, with EKOA achieving an impressive 12.6% reduction, and KOA following closely with a 12.4% decrease in production cost.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-02-19T11:25:28Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241229206
Evaluation of Weibull parameters for wind energy analysis in the eastern
region of the Kingdom of Morocco
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  Authors: Badr El Kihel, Nacer Eddine El Kadri Elyamani, Abdelhakim Chillali
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  This document delves into evaluating wind power potential within Morocco’s Oriental region, encompassing an extensive study of 23 locations over 43 years. The analysis was conducted using the advanced MERRA2 data reanalysis system coupled with MATLAB software. Our comprehensive study aims to map the wind energy capabilities across these sites. We employed eight distinct algorithms to adapt the Weibull distribution for the wind speed data. Additionally, the research includes an analysis of the wind rose and assesses the Capacity Factor ([math]) to determine the most efficient periods for wind energy production. Our findings highlight that sites S4, S7, and S11 create an ideal geographic formation for wind farm placement. Within this formation, site S8, boasting a ([math]) of 36.97%, emerges as a critical location, especially when paired with the EWT DW54 500 wind turbine model. This investigation opens new avenues for advancing wind energy in the region.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-02-15T09:27:56Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231225965
Computational investigation and validation of new MEXICO experiment
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  Authors: Mujahid Shaik, Balaji Subramanian
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  A computational investigation of New MEXICO test cases operating under axial flow conditions is reported. Three wind speed cases (10, 15, 24 m/s) corresponding to three different tip speed ratios (10, 6.67, 4.17) when the turbine operates at 425.1 rpm were considered. ANSYS CFX 2021R1 was employed to perform simulations using Single Reference Frame (SRF) and Multiple Reference Frame (MRF) approaches. The flow field is computed by solving unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (uRANS) equations coupled with SST k-ω turbulence model and Gamma-Theta transition model. Validation involved comparing CFD-predicted integral quantities, static pressure distributions, and loads with corresponding experimental values demonstrating reasonably good agreement at all three wind speeds. Overall, SRF exhibited slightly better wake predictions (hypothetical), while MRF predictions were closer to measurements for integral quantities, static pressure and loads. This study demonstrates the utility of uRANS-based 3D CFD computations in wind turbine aerodynamics studies.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-02-14T11:06:04Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X241229169
Study on engineering and aesthetic design in shape determination of wind
turbine
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  Authors: Toru Nagao, Atsushi Ichijo
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  This study discusses the importance of wind turbine design in achieving social acceptance. It examines the factors that determine the shape of wind turbines from two perspectives: engineering and aesthetics. Using the development of New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization wind turbines for remote islands in Okinawa as an example, in collaboration with an aircraft manufacturer. This study explores the differences and issues between two aspects, namely engineering design and aesthetic design, and proposes solutions. The following conclusions were drawn regarding achieving an integrated and aesthetically pleasing shape: (1) Engineering and aesthetic designs employ different methods and criteria for shaping a product. (2) Respecting the methodologies and processes of both disciplines and engaging in early-stage discussions on design concepts and approaches can facilitate smooth development. (3) It is recommended to integrate the design processes of engineering and visual tasks and proceed concurrently under the same operational system.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-02-06T10:12:11Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231225185
Research of asymmetric airfoil on aerodynamic characteristics of vertical
axis wind turbines
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  Authors: Zhen Huang, Haipeng Wang, Yang Li, Hongwei Shi
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  Asymmetric airfoils are commonly used in horizontal axis wind turbines, while symmetrical airfoils are currently the focal point of the researches for most vertical axis wind turbines’ airfoils studies. The purpose of this paper is to research the influence of asymmetric airfoils on the aerodynamic performance of vertical axis wind turbines. The influence of asymmetric airfoils on the aerodynamic characteristics of vertical axis wind turbines is investigated by numerical simulation method. The symmetric airfoils are chosen as NACA0021, while the asymmetric airfoils are chosen as DU97-W-300. Single-blade, 3-blade, different tip speed ratios, and three wind speeds (7, 8, 9 m/s) are set as the parameters. The wind turbine with symmetric airfoils performed better aerodynamically at high tip speed ratios, whereas the wind turbine with asymmetric airfoils performs well at low tip speed ratios. The wind turbine with asymmetric airfoils has outstanding start ability at low wind speeds.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-01-29T08:49:38Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231222646
Medium-term wind power forecasting using reduced principal component
analysis based random forest model
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  Authors: Jannet Jamii, Mohamed Trabelsi, Majdi Mansouri, Abdelmalek Kouadri, Mohamed Faouzi Mimouni, Mohamed Nounou
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  Due to its dependence on weather conditions, wind power (WP) forecasting has become a challenge for grid operators. Indeed, the dispatcher needs to predict the WP generation to apply the appropriate energy management strategies. To achieve an accurate WP forecasting, it is important to choose the appropriate input data (weather data). To this end, a medium-term wind power forecasting using reduced principal component analysis (RKPCA) based Random Forest Model is proposed in this paper. Two-stage WP forecasting model is developed. In the first stage, a Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) and reduced KPCA (RKPCA)-based data pre-processing techniques are applied to select and extract the important input data features (wind speed, wind direction, temperature, pressure, and relative humidity). The main idea behind the RKPCA technique is to use Euclidean distance for reducing the number of observations in the training data set to overcome the problem of computation time and storage costs of the conventional KPCA in the feature extraction phase. In the second stage, a Random Forest (RF) algorithm is proposed to predict the WP for medium-term. To evaluate the performance of the proposed RKPCA-RF technique it has been applied to data extracted from NOAA’S Surface Radiation (SURFRAD) network at Bondville station, located in USA. The presented results show that the proposed RKPCA-RF technique achieved more accurate results than the state-of-the-art methodologies in terms of RMSE (0.09), MAE (0.23), and R2 (0.85). In addition, the proposed technique achieved the lowest overall computation time (CPU).
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-01-27T10:41:40Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231217912
Wind turbine performance enhancement with minimal structural load penalty:
A design philosophy
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  Authors: Vijay Matheswaran, Patrick J Moriarty
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  The performance benefits of using tip devices on wind turbines has been well-documented. However, previous studies show that adding blade tip devices such as winglets leads to a significant increase in blade root bending moment, potentially requiring structural reinforcement with cost and weight drawbacks. A new and unique design philosophy for retrofit blade tip devices for wind turbines is presented. By balancing generated aerodynamic and centrifugal loads, these devices offer an increase in power production without the need for structural reinforcement. Predicted performance and cost benefits of using retrofit blade tip devices on the National Renewable Energy Laboratory 5 MW reference wind turbine are shown. The addition of blade tip devices resulted in significant improvements in the coefficient of power (Cp) and annual energy production (AEP).
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-01-22T11:45:06Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231212565
Design, implementation, and experimental validation of a new low-cost
sensorless wind turbine emulator: Applications for small-scale turbines
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  Authors: Hashim Alnami, Sid Ahmed El Mehdi Ardjoun, Mohamed Metwally Mahmoud
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  Research and investigation into renewable energy sources is being sparked by the rapidly rising need for electricity, higher costs of fossil fuels, and increasing worries about the environment. Recent years have seen a tremendous increase in the use of wind energy (WE). In-depth study has been done to effectively produce power from WE. Nevertheless, it is exceedingly challenging and dangerous to set up wind turbines (WTs) for research and teaching uses due to constraints like space and upkeep. Numerous benefits come with a lab-scale WT emulator (WTE), such as freedom from space restrictions, an improved level of control, and independence from existing weather conditions. The design and execution of a low-power, lab-scale WTE are the focus of this study. The investigated experimental configuration is intended to precisely mimic the mechanical behavior of a real WT. Aerodynamics, blades, slow shafts, gearboxes, and controller elements, for example, are modeled in MATLAB/Simulink before they are assembled and implemented on a dSPACE 1104 board. A DC motor running under buck converter control is used to substitute the quick shaft. The WTE’s functionality is evaluated in various wind speed conditions. The findings of comparing the WTE’s dynamics with those offered by the manufacturer amply show the efficacy of the proposed WTE and its capacity to take the position of an actual WT. This paper will be a useful resource for investigators in helping them select the best WTE approach for their purposes.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-01-22T06:50:54Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231225776
Forecast of wind speed based on MLP network model using Levenberg
Marquardt and gradient descent algorithms in Tetouan city, Northern
Morocco
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  Authors: Wissal Masmoudi, Abdelouahed Djebli
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  This study aims to find the most powerful algorithm between LM and GD, applying them to the multilayer neural network (MLP) to predict the wind speed of the city of Tetouan. To achieve this we will use the meteorological data of this city from 31/07/2017 to 31/08/2022. The MLP adopted for our study is composed of two hidden layers, 30 neurons in the first layer and 15 in the second, 7 inputs and one output. The data is divided into 80% for training and 20% for testing. The results obtained showed that the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm is more efficient than the gradient descent (GD) algorithm with a correlation coefficient R = 0.988102 and a mean square error MSE = 0. 0458. These results will allow us to accurately predict the wind speed of August for the year 2022 in this city.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-01-13T10:52:10Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231215812
A wind speed interval prediction method for reducing noise uncertainty
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  Authors: Kun Li, Yayu Liu, Ying Han
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  Due to the noise uncertainty, the conventional point prediction model is difficult to describe the actual characteristics of wind speed and lacks a description of the wind speed fluctuation range. In this paper, the kernel density estimation according to its error value is given, and then its fluctuation range is found to combine the prediction results of the test set to get its prediction range. Firstly, the singular spectrum analysis (SSA) is introduced to conduct the noise reduction, and variational modal decomposition (VMD) is performed to handle the sequences, then an improved slime mold algorithm (SMA) is proposed to optimize the VMD, and the stochastic configuration networks (SCNs) is applied to perform the prediction. Finally, the interval prediction results are calculated by fusing the point prediction error and kernel density estimation. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively reduce the noise interference in the wind speed prediction.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-01-12T12:37:10Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231217262
Extended state observer-based primary load frequency controller for power
systems with ultra-high wind-energy penetration
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  Authors: Tummala SLV Ayyarao, Ramakrishna SS Nuvvula, Polamarasetty P Kumar, Ilhami Colak, Hasan Koten, Ahmed Ali, Baseem Khan
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  In this paper, a novel extended state observer-based (ESO) load frequency control is implemented. Specifically, the proposed control law focuses on the incorporation of wind energy injection as one of the disturbances, treating it as an additional state within the system. The proposed ESO is designed to estimate both the system states and the net disturbance, thereby enhancing its ability to regulate the overall load frequency performance. The proposed control strategy hinges on the judicious selection of control gains and disturbance gain. The estimated disturbance is then effectively compensated to regulate the load frequency. To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed controller, tests are conducted on both single and three area systems. The results demonstrate superior performance, even under conditions involving load and parameter variations.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-01-11T01:09:47Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231221242
Quantifying the impact of sensor precision on power output of a wind
turbine: A sensitivity analysis via Monte Carlo simulation study
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  Authors: Moein Sarbandi, Hamid Khaloozadeh
  Abstract: Wind Engineering, Ahead of Print.
  Wind turbines (WTs) are complex systems with multiple interacting components, posing challenges in identifying factors affecting power output (PO). Sensors play an important role; however, sensor precision can result in measured values differing from actual values. Analyzing the impact of sensor precision on PO is essential. In this study, we employ sensitivity analysis (SA) via Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, offering a novel approach to quantify the influence of sensor precision on the PO of a 4.8 MW WT. We focus on evaluations under 5–20 m/s wind profiles, representing partial and full load regions that portray normal operation. Based on mean squared error (MSE) and parameter sensitivity (PS) index analyses, findings show the generator speed sensor’s precision significantly impacts PO. Therefore, designers should prioritize high-impact sensors like the generator speed, while sensorless strategies may be considered as alternatives to low-impact sensors like the blade pitch angle sensor, where appropriate.
  Citation: Wind Engineering
  PubDate: 2024-01-03T12:44:48Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0309524X231211315

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