Authors:Aleksandar Anđelović, György Geréby Pages: 5 - 28 Abstract: The paper focuses on the direct Bible quotations that the anonymous translator and Evagrius of Antioch rendered from Greek into Latin as part of their versions of the Life of Antony, each in his own way. Did the anonymous translator use any of the existing fourth-century Latin translations of the Bible to translate the biblical quotations he found in the Greek original, or did he translate them himself, without recourse to translations already available' Which version of the Bible did he use when translating the biblical quotations, in Latin or in Greek' What does the anonymous translator’s “literal” and “low-register” style tell us about the translator' Was his non-idiomatic Latin a choice, “Christian” Latin, or rather a limitation in translating into Latin as his target language' On the other hand, what does Evagrius’ “high” and stylistically sophisticated and improved Latin tell us about Evagrius' Whom does he write for, and what do his readers expect from him' This paper aims at answering these questions. PubDate: 2021-12-24 DOI: 10.4312/clotho.3.2.5-28 Issue No:Vol. 3, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Sibil Gruntar Vilfan, Cristian-Nicolae Gaşpar Pages: 31 - 52 Abstract: The paper offers a detailed investigation of select passages from the Vita II Sancti Remacli, a hagiographic text produced in the diocese of Liège in the last decades of the tenth century. The purpose of this investigation is threefold. First, to illustrate the point that the tenth-century Latin hagiographic texts produced in the diocese of Liège did not display quotations from classical and patristic authors only as petrified forms of frozen ancient wisdom with a merely decorative function, but rather as raw gems which were polished and adjusted to fit seamlessly into a new framework. Thus, they could enhance both the form and contents of texts closely connected to their age’s political and intellectual realities. Second, to show that nineteenth- and twentieth-century editions of such texts can act as distorting mirrors to modern readers and researchers, since, due to an editorial strategy that privileged classical material over its medieval context, the editors sometimes completely neglected how quotations from ancient authors were re-worked by the tenth-century hagiographer following the stylistic requirements of rhymed prose. Third, to suggest as a necessary corrective to this distorting approach a new way of reading and consequently editing these types of texts, which places classical and patristic quotations in their proper context, by paying due attention to manuscript evidence, to the stylistic requirements of their new context, and to the complex functions they play in their new textual environment. PubDate: 2021-12-24 DOI: 10.4312/clotho.3.2.31-52 Issue No:Vol. 3, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Matic Kocijančič Pages: 55 - 72 Abstract: In postwar Western culture, the myth of Antigone has been the subject of noted literary, literary-critical, dramatic, philosophical, and philological treatments, not least due to the strong influence of one of the key plays of the twentieth century, Jean Anouilh’s Antigone. The rich discussion of the myth has often dealt with its most famous formulation, Sophocles’ Antigone, but has paid less attention to the broader ancient context; the epic sources (the Iliad, Odyssey, Thebaid, and Oedipodea); the other tragic versions (Aeschylus’s Seven Against Thebes and his lost Eleusinians; Euripides’s Suppliants, Phoenician Women, and Antigone, of which only a few short fragments have been preserved); and the responses of late antiquity. This paper analyses the basic features of this nearly thousand-year-long ancient tradition and shows how they connect in surprising ways – sometimes even more directly than Sophoclean tragedy does – with the main issues in some unique contemporary traditions of its reception (especially the Slovenian, Polish and Argentine ones): the question of burying the wartime (or postwar) dead and the ideal of reconciliation. PubDate: 2021-12-24 DOI: 10.4312/clotho.3.2.55-72 Issue No:Vol. 3, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Levente Pap Pages: 75 - 90 Abstract: Works concerning the history of the Hungarian Reform had been almost absent until the second half of the seventeenth century. The relatively peaceful process of the Hungarian Reform, the lack of armed conflicts, and the tragic memory of the battle of Mohács made the appearance of self-justifying religious narratives in Hungarian historiography seem unnecessary. On the other hand, the changes caused by the Tridentine Catholic renewal movement and the deterioration of the religious and political condition of the Protestant confession culminated in punishing actions. This brought the polemical and self-justifying narratives to the forefront in both literature and historiography. First signs of interest regarding the history of Protestantism appeared on the Catholic side, but they emerged under the pressure of the circumstances. On the other hand, a growing foreign interest gradually appeared on the Protestant side, making way to historiographical works. An example of such an opus is the Historia Ecclesiae Reformatae in Hungaria et Transilvania (1706) by Pál Debreceni Ember. The author presents the history of the Reformed Church in Hungary. He also tries to present the origins of Hungarian Christianity, projecting it onto the Apostolic Period. Finally, he turns to the early Christian writers such as Jerome to prove his theory. The paper aims to present this chapter in Jerome’s reception and its religious background. PubDate: 2021-12-24 DOI: 10.4312/clotho.3.2.75-90 Issue No:Vol. 3, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Miran Sajovic Pages: 93 - 112 Abstract: The paper presents a preliminary study on the linguistic elements and the diversity of Jerome’s Latin, with examples taken from some of his most notable works, his letters, biblical translations, Vita Malchi, and De viris illustribus, to demonstrate his particular contribution to the oft-discussed and problematized domain, namely the Latinitas Christianorum. The article offers a general overview of Jerome’s literary formation, discussing the influence by classical Latin writers. To illustrate the kaleidoscope of Jerome’s writing style, the analysis presents various genres of his writings, ranging from his biblical to non-biblical translation, from reference books and dictionaries to letters and biographies. The conclusion presents some of the linguistic characteristics of his writings to show the nuance in his mastery of Latin. PubDate: 2021-12-24 DOI: 10.4312/clotho.3.2.93-112 Issue No:Vol. 3, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Filomena Giannotti Pages: 115 - 127 Abstract: The paper examines three examples of Saint Jerome’s contemporary reception. First, in Sous l’invocation de Saint Jérôme, the essay by the French writer and translator Valery Larbaud (1946), Jerome’s life is imagined as the large city of Hiéronymopolis where three itineraries are possible: one that is imaginary to Stridon, Rome, and Bethlehem; one that is iconographical through the paintings of Raffaello, Correggio, and Domenichino, and one that is literary through Jerome’s works, divided into many “city districts,” where an impressive bridge, the Vulgata, connects Jerusalem to Rome. – In the eccentric novel Jérôme ou de la traduction by the French-Canadian writer Jean Marcel (1990), Hieronymus’s famous lion narrates the main episodes of the Saint’s life, especially regarding his translations. This is an existential metaphor for the passage from the ancient eastern world to early Christian Rome. – The poetic movie by the Brasilian director Júlio Bressane, São Jerônimo (1999), is not a biographical reconstruction of Jerome’s life, but rather a fresco, which consists of some moments of his life and some iconic symbols (the skull, the lion, the desert). PubDate: 2021-12-24 DOI: 10.4312/clotho.3.2.115-127 Issue No:Vol. 3, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Jane Schatkin Hettrick Pages: 129 - 144 Abstract: Johann Michael Haydn (1737–1806), court musician to the prince-archbishop of Salzburg, composed the Missa Sancti Hieronymi in 1777, apparently intended to mark the name-day of his employer: 30 September, the feast-day of St. Jerome. Because of its wind-band scoring, this Mass is unique, not only among Haydn’s Masses, but also in the Mass repertoire of Salzburg, and apparently in that of all late eighteenth-century Austria. The present article discusses the environment in which Haydn functioned and its effect on the practice of church music in Salzburg and generally in Catholic Austria. Haydn’s employer, Archbishop Colloredo, was a proponent of Enlightenment thinking. He expressed in his Hirtenbrief of 1782 ideas opposed to the kind of sacred music then prevalent in Austria, in particular, the orchestral Mass. Reflective of the new Gottesdienstordnung promulgated by Emperor Joseph II, the proposed changes include the introduction of congregational hymns in the vernacular and severe reduction in numbers of liturgies and the amount of music allowed in them. Colloredo finds support for his ideas in the writings of St. Jerome and other church fathers. Given Haydn’s strong Catholic faith and dedication as a composer of sacred music, the article suggests that although he wrote the Missa as a dutiful servant of his employer, he meant it above all as a tribute to St. Jerome. PubDate: 2021-12-24 DOI: 10.4312/clotho.3.2.129-144 Issue No:Vol. 3, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Ágnes Korondi Pages: 147 - 164 Abstract: Saint Jerome was a prominent figure in the Hungarian-language literature prepared mainly for nuns in the last decade of the fifteenth and the first decades of the sixteenth century. A Dominican codex contains two legends about him (one of them is the translation of Pseudo-Augustine’s Epistola ad Cyrillum de magnificentiis beati Hieronymi), while a Franciscan manuscript preserved the Hungarian version of the Regula monachorum attributed to Jerome. The Franciscan András Nyujtódi represented the Church Father as a model teacher and translator when quoting the great biblical philologist’s dedicatory lines to the Book of Judith in his translation of the same biblical book, which this Transylvanian friar prepared as a private reading for his sister, a Franciscan tertiary. Another self-proclaimed follower of Jerome’s translating activity was an anonymous Carthusian monk, who mentioned the Slavic Bible and liturgy prepared by the saintly scholar. – The paper presents the texts by and about Jerome, which can be found in the not very extensive late medieval Hungarian-language literature, and traces the image of the saintly author as represented for the audience of the corpus produced for Observant Dominican and Franciscan nuns, tertiaries, and in a few cases perhaps laypersons. PubDate: 2021-12-24 DOI: 10.4312/clotho.3.2.147-164 Issue No:Vol. 3, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Marie Frey Rébeillé-Borgella Pages: 167 - 189 Abstract: The paper focuses on how the Latin liturgical prayers dealt with the different Latin biblical translations, Old Latin and Jerome’s translations and revisions, from the 5th up to the 12th century. Many studies on the spreading of Jerome’s translations have focused on Latin Bible manuscripts or fragments, the Latin Fathers’ quotations of the Bible, and the Latin lectionaries’ quotations of the Bible. The present study chooses to survey the liturgical books of prayers, specifically the Twelve Prophets’ translations; while the corpus is not a big one, it offers noteworthy results. First presented are quotations or mentions of a Latin verse where translation is identical in the Vetus Latina and the Vulgate. Then cases where Vulgate is used and cases where Old Latin is used are analyzed. It is not always easy to identify the translation used in the liturgical book, and one can sometimes only compare different assumptions on biblical-inspired liturgical texts to know whether its source is Old Latin or Vulgate. Moreover, translations of an Old Testament verse and a New Testament one are sometimes interfering. This happens mainly when the New Testament verse, while quoting the Old Testament one, retains the Old Latin translation, even in the Vulgate version. Samples of verses whose Old Latin survived Jerome’s translation are provided. The paper shows how one liturgical book can draw on both Old Latin and Vulgate, even within the same item, and stresses the need for a detailed analysis, liturgical book by liturgical book, to study the quotations from the Bible in the Latin liturgy. PubDate: 2021-12-24 DOI: 10.4312/clotho.3.2.167-189 Issue No:Vol. 3, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Mohamed-Arbi Nsiri Pages: 191 - 221 Abstract: The paper focuses on the history of concepts by studying the key theological themes in the correspondence between Jerome and Augustine. Their otherwise fierce debate remains respectful within the literary genre of epistolography and its confines that were characteristic of the period. Although each of them stood by their beliefs that Jerome frequently refused to even discuss, their respect and mutual affection were not in question, particularly when they were both intellectually focusing on the front against their common adversary, Pelagius. PubDate: 2021-12-24 DOI: 10.4312/clotho.3.2.191-221 Issue No:Vol. 3, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Willum Westenholz Pages: 223 - 227 Abstract: In the monograph under review, a revised version of a dissertation submitted at the University of Konstanz in 2019, Polcar sets out to provide a full-scale commentary on a single letter of Jerome’s correspondence such as will be familiar to those who have read the work of Scourfield, Adkin, and Cain. The letter under investigation, epistula 79, is addressed to the newly widowed Salvina, containing both consolation for the loss of her husband, Nebridius, and exhortation to chaste widowhood. After a brief introduction to Jerome and the letter’s place in the ancient epistolographic tradition (pp. 11–19) and a survey of the edition and the manuscripts consulted (21–24), there follows a Latin text with a facing translation (pp. 24–45). PubDate: 2021-12-24 DOI: 10.4312/clotho.3.2.223-227 Issue No:Vol. 3, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Anja Božič Pages: 229 - 231 Abstract: How did the notion of civic participation change throughout history, and how were these changes reflected in the foundations of political thought' In what forms of expression did it surface in various written and visual media of the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period' These questions will be the focus of the summer university course. PubDate: 2021-12-24 DOI: 10.4312/clotho.3.2.229-231 Issue No:Vol. 3, No. 2 (2021)
Open Access journal
