Authors:Huriye Abaydın Abstract: Fundamentalists are a group that arose among American evangelicals in the early 20th century as a reaction to extreme liberalization and especially intense criticism of the Bible. They are called fundamentalists because of the Fundamentals, written at the beginning of the 20th century. A characteristic of fundamentalists who read the Bible literally is their millenarianism. Although they began as an anti-modernist movement, fundamentalists’ extensive use of the media, one of the most important indicators of modernity, gave rise to the previously unknown concept of televangelists. This group has been adept at using radio, then television, and more recently, the Internet. New Testament readings with detailed descriptions, prayer times, and effective sermons are given, especially in programs with an audience. Pat Robertson, a prominent figure among these people, reached large audiences quickly with his satellite network and his continuous broadcasts and became an important name in the field of religious broadcasting in America. PubDate: Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Mustafa Özbaş Abstract: The war in Gaza, which started with the attacks of Hamas on October 7, 2023, and continued with the disproportionate use of force by Israel, has reached frightening levels. Although protests took place in many Western cities, mainly with the participation of immigrants, it can be said that the Western public generally remained indifferent to the brutality caused by Israel in Gaza. This article aims to examine and try to understand the attitudes of the Quakers, as a religious group with an exceptional stance, towards the Israel-Palestine War in particular and ‘war-violence’ in general. In accordance with this purpose, the article will first give a general introduction about the Quakers and its founder, George Fox, and then analyze the Quakers’ understanding of “Inner Light” and “Peace Testimony” principles. Finally, the article will try to ground the argument of the exceptionality of the Quakers within Western civilization by focusing on the actual attitudes and activities of the Quakers regarding the war in question for nearly a century. PubDate: Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Büşra Elmas Abstract: Dispensationalism is a significant theological movement in the United States, especially within Evangelical Christianity. Dispensations refer to the periods that adherents of this belief separate in explaining world history. These periods are generally designated as seven eras in which the relationship between God and humanity was established in varying ways. The idea of dispensationalism was developed by John Nelson Darby. His literal and futuristic interpretation led him to distinguish the roles of Israel and the Church in the Bible prophecies. After Darby, C. I. Scofield played a crucial role in popularizing Darby’s ideas in the United States with the publication of his Scofield Reference Bible.This article examines the historical process of dispensationalism and focuses on its founder, John Nelson Darby, and his views on dispensationalism from a historical perspective. The article concludes that Darby’s dispensationalism is widely accepted by Evangelicals, that the rapture and the separation of the Church and Israel in the God’s divine plan have provided the theological basis for Evangelical Christians’ support for Israel and have had various effects on American popular culture. PubDate: Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Caner Çakı Abstract: Prior to the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany (Anschluss) in 1938, the Nazi-supporting magazine Kikeriki in Austria targeted the Jews in the country with its antisemitic publications. Revealing Kikeriki’s antisemitic caricatures is crucial for identifying antisemitic propaganda in Austria before the Anschluss. In order to shed light on the antisemitic propaganda in Austria before the Anschluss, the study sought to determine how Jews were presented in Kikereki’s antisemitic visuals and what antisemitic propaganda messages were given against the Jews. For this purpose, Kikereki’s antisemitic caricatures were examined in the context of antisemitic propaganda through Karl Bühler’s Organon Model. The cartoons disseminated propaganda messages that conveyed the exclusion of Jews from Austria, the notion of Jewish dominance over humanity, and the existence of a power struggle between Christians and Jews in the country’s administration. The study concluded that Kikereki aimed to validate the NSDAP’s campaign against the Jews in the Austrian public opinion through its antisemitic propaganda. PubDate: Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Ömer Faruk Kalıntürk Abstract: This paper questions the authenticity of one of the two main sources cited in scholarly research on the history of the Paulicians in early mediaeval Byzantine Asia Minor, The Key of Truth. It first addresses the issues raised in this source, then analyses the arguments of scholars for and against the authenticity of this text, subjecting the claims of both to a contextual archaeological reading. Finally, it shows how these scholars argued for the authenticity of this work in light of the political, theological, and philosophical events of their time and highlights an aspect that scholars interested in this topic have often ignored. The debates surrounding this text, which purports to be a source of church history, cannot be explained solely in terms of internal identity and doctrinal disagreements. It is argued here that the authors who consider The Key of Truth to be authentic were directly and naturally associated with nineteenth-century Armenian political ideals and, because of these ties, presented this work to ensure the existence and subsequent legitimacy of the Armenian Protestant Church, whose workers were Anglo-American Protestant missionaries and whose patron was the British Empire. PubDate: Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +030