Authors:Linartas Tuomas Abstract: This paper deals with Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of the death drive from the perspective of speculative philosophy. For this purpose, three philosophers have been chosen: Nick Land, Ray Brassier, and Reza Negarestani. I claim that they gradually radicalised the Freudian thought: Land expanded it to capitalist economy and terrestrial geotrauma; Brassier shifted it towards a solar catastrophe and the prospect of extinction; Negarestani incorporated it into the exteriority of cosmic contingency. This way, Freud’s legacy emerges as a transcendental, epistemological and speculative instrument to tackle Meillassoux’s problem of correlation. I consider why this trajectory has ceased: I suggest a hypothesis that Bataille’s influence has not been overcome, especially in the case of Negarestani. I offer several vectors, according to which, Bataille could serve as an opportunity for openness to the Outside and a chance to continue the trajectory of the speculative death drive. I suggest that it is possible to reconsider Bataille as one of the precursors to the contemporary speculative thought. PubDate: Tue, 25 Apr 2023 10:43:18 +000
Authors:Alejandro Escudero-Morales Abstract: This work proposes that pain meets the requirements of being characterized as a secondary quality, as it covers, like a color, a determined extension. The argument seeks to establish a literal pain-color analogy through an inquiry into the intensity and location of the pain. From the classic intensity/location relationship reported by patients with acute appendicitis, three degrees of pain are distinguished: mild, moderate, and severe. The objective is only achieved by examining the Body’s extensional determinations (primary quality) insofar as each of these degrees of pain covers three particular measures. Once these three measures have been explored according to the perforation process (tissue damage), the work ends by identifying pain as a transcendent moment. PubDate: Tue, 25 Apr 2023 10:39:29 +000
Authors:Augustinas Dainys Linas Jašinauskas Abstract: Can artificial intelligence (AI) teach and learn more creatively than humans' The article analyses deep learning theory, which follows a deterministic model of learning, since every intellectual procedure of an artificial agent is supported by concrete neural connections in an artificial neural network. Meanwhile, human creative reasoning follows a non-deterministic model. The article analyses Bayes’ theorem, in which a reasoning system makes judgments about the probability of future events based on events that have happened to it. Meillassoux’s open probability and M. A. Boden’s three types of creativity are discussed. A comparison is made between the a priori algorithm of the Turing machine and a playing child, who invents new a posteriori algorithms while playing. The Heideggerian perspective on the co-creativity of humans and thinking machines is analyzed. The authors conclude that humans have an open horizon for teaching and learning, and that makes them superior with respect to creativity in an educational perspective. PubDate: Tue, 25 Apr 2023 07:06:41 +000
Authors:Mantas Daknys Abstract: This article examines interpretations of ontological truth of the work of art in the philosophies of Arvydas Šliogeris, Hans G. Gadamer and Martin Heidegger. All of them believe that artwork may reveal the ontological truth. This common feature suggests the possibility to consider these three interpretations as a Heideggerian-type understanding of art. This paper argues that, while sharing the belief about the possibility of ontological truth in the artwork, their concepts of truth are fundamentally different, precisely because of the relation with language. In the first part of the article, the ontologies of works of art, the structures of experience, the importance of language and the interpretations of truth by the three philosophers are discussed. The second part explicates the essential points of tension and similarities between their concepts of ontology and the truth of artwork. The research reveals that language, as the basic plane of the junction with the world, in the experience of a work of art is more misleading than truth-revealing. PubDate: Tue, 25 Apr 2023 06:56:03 +000
Authors:Povilas Aleksandravičius Abstract: The paper analyses Paul Ricoeur’s concept of creative imagination and shows how this essential element of human consciousness determines personal and societal identity and how it can be a source of just social norms and of ‘good life’ (vie bonne). The imagination, which is characterized by semantic innovations and a heuristic function, creates a dynamic narrative defining a human being and opens as specific rationality surpassing purely argumentative rationality and allowing to solve conflicts of social norms. The ethical aspect of this process, implying a triple structure I/other/just institutiones, creates conditions for the realization of the dialectic of justice and love in the political space; due to the dialectic, innovative ways for the realization of social justice become possible. Critical questions intended to open up the perspective for further thinking are posed at the end of the paper. PubDate: Tue, 25 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +000
Authors:Andrius Bielskis Abstract: Aristotle has traditionally been aligned with conservative social and political philosophy. The conservative reception has been challenged by Alasdair MacIntyre and the Marx-inspired reading of Aristotle. Following MacIntyre’s arguments, this paper sketches an alternative conception of the critical theory beyond the Frankfurt School’s critique of the contemporary culture and the modern society. Critical theory is understood as an attempt to provide both historical analysis and normative critique of the contemporary society and its culture. It argues that normativity should be understood not in Kantian, but in Aristotelian terms. The articulation of Aristotelian conceptions of human flourishing and aretē, rather than that of the bürgerlich conception of Kantian duty, should be at the centre of contemporary theorising. The author claims that Aristotle’s practical philosophy allows us to conceptualise ethics beyond the dominant conceptions of ethical normativity prevalent in the capitalist modernity, while Marx is important because his analysis provides us with theoretical tools for the historically informed critique of the social and economic structures of the modern society. PubDate: Tue, 25 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +000
Authors:Min Seong Kim Abstract: Drawing inspiration from Alain Badiou’s philosophical project of thinking radical change and novelty, this paper raises the question of whether Ernesto Laclau’s theory of hegemony provides an adequate conceptualization of social change. Laclau claims that the transition between old and new hegemonic formations constitutes a “radical break.” However, it shall be shown that Laclau’s claim apropos radical break is in tension with his elaboration of the conditions under which a particularity – including particular political projects or social orders – may become hegemonic. As a result, how a process of transformation is to be conceptually distinguished from a process of reproduction is left unclear within the hegemony theory. PubDate: Tue, 25 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +000
Authors:Audrius Pocius Abstract: The aim of this article is to frame Adorno’s concept of ‘nonidentity’ in the context of German idealism, namely, the philosophies of Kant and Hegel. The thesis to be defended is that “Secularization of Metaphysics” entails relinquishing, as well as prolongation of the German idealist tradition. The argument is developed in the following steps: 1) the constitution of an autonomous transcendental subject is shown to be rooted in the idea of Enlightenment; 2) by reconstructing Adorno’s conception of truth as non-adaequatio, I claim that Adorno’s philosophy is conducted from the perspective of the end of philosophy; 3) the sociohistorical character of the concept of ‘nonidentity’ is discussed in relation to Adorno’s understanding of history; 4) the concept of ‘nonidentity’ is discussed as implying a continuation of the Kantian project on a metacritical level; 5) Adorno’s critique of Kant is reconstructed in the context of Hegel’s Faith and Knowledge. PubDate: Tue, 25 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +000
Authors:Seungbae Park Abstract: Van Fraassenas savąją pragmatinę mokslinio aiškinimo teoriją paremia Bayeso sąlyginės tikimybės matu ir kartu, priešingai nei teigia Prasetya, jos patvirtinimui panaudoja geriausio paaiškinimo išvedimą (GPI). Priešingai nei mano van Fraassenas, Bayeso sąlyginės tikimybės skaičiavimas negali būti atliktas pirmiausia nepritaikius GPI. Argumentas, apeliuojantis į blogų aibę, kurį naudoja van Fraassenas kritikuodamas GPI, grįžta bumerangu į pragmatinę teoriją ir Bayeso sąlyginę tikimybę, taigi tampa argumentu prieš van Fraasseną ir Prasetyą. PubDate: Tue, 25 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +000
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