 Subjects -> PHILOSOPHY (Total: 762 journals)
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- Introduction: Roger Bacon within the Medieval Setting. New Findings /
Abbreviations
Authors: Yael Kedar, Jeremiah Hackett
Pages: 9 - 15
Abstract: -
PubDate: 2022-02-25
DOI: 10.21071/refime.v28i1.14036
Issue No: Vol. 28, No. 1 (2022)
- Roger Bacon’s De signis, a missing part of Opus Maius III, and the
“knowledge of languages”
Authors: Irène Rosier Catach
Pages: 19 - 42
Abstract: Roger Bacon’s De signis is a major contribution to the history of semantics. However, we know from the author's summary given in the Opus tertium that it has come down to us in an incomplete form. It belongs to the third part of Bacon’s Opus maius, devoted to the “knowledge of languages”. The three sections of the summary in the Opus tertium enable us to understand its organization. The first section presents various arguments in favor of knowledge of languages. The major part of the second section of the summary is related to the “power of words”, which was originally present in the section on mathematics and magic (Opus maius IV). The third section is not present is the edition of Opus maius III: it was devoted to the study of signs and signification, which corresponds to the De signis, and circulated independently, and to its application to theology, a section that has not been found. Just as the late Compendium studii theologiae, the De signis offers an original treatment of semantic and linguistic questions which are fully embedded in the sophisticated debates that took place in the faculties of arts in Paris and Oxford during the second half of the 13th century. Bacon’s linguistic analysis can be equally relevant for the study of the Bible and theology.
PubDate: 2022-02-25
DOI: 10.21071/refime.v28i1.14029
Issue No: Vol. 28, No. 1 (2022)
- Knowledge and Power: Courtly Science and Political Utility in the Work of
Roger Bacon
Authors: Elly Truitt
Pages: 99 - 123
Abstract: In his major works for the pope, as well as several other works from his maturity, Bacon focused on the utility of natural knowledge, both in terms of human know-how and what that know-how could produce. He looked to the courtly sciences (such as medicine, astral science, optics, and material science), which privilege application and knowledge gained through the sensorium, as sources of natural knowledge and as exemplars for the potential of natural knowledge. This essay argues that Roger Bacon’s work ought to be understood within the context of the court. Bacon’s emphasis on devices in the pursuit of knowledge and utility demonstrates the extent to which the courtly sciences (such as engineering, navigation, alchemy, and divination) were valued alongside traditional natural philosophical frameworks, and need to be understood in that context. Both the courtly sciences and Bacon’s theory of scientia experimentalis focus on materials, sensory knowledge, and knowledge of particulars in pursuit of applied ends. Bacon drew inspiration from the courtly sciences in theorizing how natural knowledge could serve ruling power. By examining Bacon’s major works on scientia experimentalis and analyzing his reliance on examples from the history of Alexander the Great, this essay demonstrates the interrelation of political power and erudite knowledge, and how they intersected through the cultivation and application of experimentum and technology. Finally, Bacon’s interest in the utility of knowledge suggests that courtly settings in this period are significant locations for the development and applications of natural knowledge.
PubDate: 2022-02-25
DOI: 10.21071/refime.v28i1.14032
Issue No: Vol. 28, No. 1 (2022)
- Roger Bacon’s New Metaphysics (1260-1292): The Integration of Language
Study and Natural Science With Metaphysics and Morals
Authors: Jeremiah Hackett
Pages: 149 - 171
Abstract: The paper presents evidence that Roger Bacon was endeavoring to structure what he considered as a “new metaphysics”. Moreover, it identifies the Opus maius as Bacon’s new preliminary text in metaphysics and morals. The evidence is found in the Communia naturalium and in the Communia mathematica, in which one finds a reference to the Opus maius as a sketch for a new metaphysics. From part seven of the latter work, namely, the Moralis philosophia, one can see that Bacon views the latter work as closely connected to his new metaphysics. In fact, the material in the Communia mathematica connects his studies on languages to the communication of his moral vision. I present a review of the sources for the different parts of the Opus maius. This is followed by an account of Bacon’s philosophical sources. It becomes clear that Bacon was acquainted with Plato’s Meno, Phaedo and part of the Timaeus with Calcidius’s Commentary. The variety and significance of his Neo-Platonic sources are outlined. It turns out that Bacon was not an Avicennian substance-dualist. Moreover, the paper demonstrates the extent to which Bacon’s criticism of Averroes was based on his natural philosophy. Bacon presents an account of human intellectual knowledge which is clearly based on and refers to his account of human perceptual knowledge in his Perspectiva. He uses his account of an integrated perceptual and intellectual human individual being to question the Latin Averroist’s claim that there is one possible intellect for all human beings.
PubDate: 2022-02-25
DOI: 10.21071/refime.v28i1.13970
Issue No: Vol. 28, No. 1 (2022)
- Erik Kwakkel e Francis Netwon, introduzione di Eliza Glaze, Medicine at
Monte Cassino: Constantine the African and the Oldest Manuscript of his
‘Pantegni’, Speculum Sanitatis 1, Turnhout, Brepols, 2019
Authors: Mattia Cipriani
Pages: 177 - 179
PubDate: 2022-02-25
DOI: 10.21071/refime.v28i1.13883
Issue No: Vol. 28, No. 1 (2022)
- Toivo J. Holopainen, A Historical Study of Anselm’s Proslogion.
Argument, Devotion and Rhetoric, Leiden, Brill, 2020
Authors: José Carlos Sánchez-López
Pages: 180 - 181
PubDate: 2022-02-25
DOI: 10.21071/refime.v28i1.13877
Issue No: Vol. 28, No. 1 (2022)
- Andreas Lammer, The Elements of Avicenna’s Physics, Scientia
Graeco-Arabica, Band 20, Berlin/Boston, Walter de Gruyter, 2018
Authors: Vladimir Lasica
Pages: 182 - 186
PubDate: 2022-02-25
DOI: 10.21071/refime.v28i1.13878
Issue No: Vol. 28, No. 1 (2022)
- Heymerici de Campo, Centheologicon, ed. de Giovanna Bagnasco, CCCM, 292,
Turnhout, Brepols, 2020
Authors: Rafael Ramis Barceló
Pages: 187 - 189
PubDate: 2022-02-25
DOI: 10.21071/refime.v28i1.13879
Issue No: Vol. 28, No. 1 (2022)
- Pierre Hadot, The Selected Writings of Pierre Hadot: Philosophy as
Practice, Traducción por Federico Testa, Matthew Sharpe, London/New York,
Bloomsbury Academic, 2020
Authors: Ignacio Miguel Anchepe
Pages: 194 - 195
PubDate: 2022-02-25
DOI: 10.21071/refime.v28i1.13881
Issue No: Vol. 28, No. 1 (2022)
- Ruedi Imbach, Minima Mediaevalia. Saggi di filosofia medievale, Flumen
sapientiae. Studi sul pensiero medievale 10, Roma, Aracne, 2019
Authors: Roberto Zambiasi
Pages: 196 - 198
PubDate: 2022-02-25
DOI: 10.21071/refime.v28i1.13882
Issue No: Vol. 28, No. 1 (2022)
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