 Subjects -> PHILOSOPHY (Total: 762 journals)
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- Ethics and the Increasingly English-Speaking Psychiatric Tower of Babel
Authors: Jean-Pierre Cléro
Pages: 3 - 20
Abstract: Frenchmen dealing with ethics have only recently focused their attention on questions regarding its relation to language, whereas the British and the Americans who share the same interest have been interested in this problem for decades. The most surprising fact regarding this relative neglect, that is only about to be corrected, is that it would have been noticed and dealt with much sooner, was it not for a blinding reason: namely that international medical bodies, psychiatric in particular, have become Anglophone bodies. The aim of this paper is to consider whether it would not be dangerous to confuse universalism, which is desirable, and translation which is equally desirable, with the choice of one language as axial for the other languages and supposed to define the structures of all situations – something which imposes on the other languages a strange reduction that they would probably not have suffered without this constraint about translation.
PubDate: 2019-04-08
Issue No: Vol. 67, No. 2 (2019)
- Shunsuke Tsurumi and John Dewey on Habits and Imagination: Bridging the
Pragmatist Ethics between Japan and America
Authors: Yoshishiro Tanigawa
Pages: 21 - 38
Abstract: This paper seeks to highlight the Deweyan moments in the ethics of Shunsuke Tsurumi, a famous thinker and activist in Japan. While it has been recognized that Tsurumi learned from American classical pragmatists such as Charles Sanders Peirce, George Herbert Mead, William James, and John Dewey, previous studies have ignored the fundamental commonalities between the ideas of Dewey and Tsurumi, as most have only focused on the impact of Peirce on Tsurumi’s work. This paper examines Tsurumi’s key ideas of “reflexes” and “dreaming,” and compares the features with Dewey, referring James and Mead as a preparatory or supplementary explanation for it. The main difference between Tsurumi and Dewey can be seen in the “reflexes”; however, both recognized the importance of imagination as dramatic rehearsals. It is shown that Tsurumi’s ethics was based on the fundamental moments from Deweyan ethics albeit he was not aware of it.
PubDate: 2019-04-08
Issue No: Vol. 67, No. 2 (2019)
- Why Do We Trust Strangers' Social Trust, Moral Reasoning and Identity
Authors: Maria Banu
Pages: 39 - 66
Abstract: Behavioral economists have extensively argued against consequentialist theories of social trust. The most recent studies show that trust decisions are mainly expressive. Trust-taking behavior is non-consequential and linked to betrayal aversion, norms, and self-identity. Trustfulness is thus granted an affective and normative dimension. Yet these studies lack an integrative theoretical framework. In light of these results, this paper argues that reaching a more comprehensive understanding of the notion of social trust may draw on conceptual resources and empirical insights from moral psychology. Specifically, future studies may test and explore further the non-consequential aspects of social trust in connection with moral reasoning and moral identity.
PubDate: 2019-04-08
Issue No: Vol. 67, No. 2 (2019)
- On the Posthumous Reproduction Towards an Opt-Out System
Authors: Maria Racman
Pages: 67 - 88
Abstract: The debate about posthumous reproduction has stopped at the level of the principle of reproductive autonomy – which is understood as an instrument to ban sperm harvesting from a recent deceased male – and at the requirement of explicit consent, despite the rate of sudden deaths caused by accidents. In this paper I will evaluate both standards in order to prepare a paradigm shift in defense of posthumous conception. My aim is to underline the importance of developing clear guidelines to address the legal and philosophical tensions of switching from an opt-in to an opt-out system in order to protect the reproductive autonomy of the persons who did not had the chance to express their desire to reproduce after death, the status of a posthumously conceived child, the possibility of inheritance and also the possible burden of being born in a single-parent household.
PubDate: 2019-04-08
Issue No: Vol. 67, No. 2 (2019)
- Feminism as an Ethical Discourse of Inclusiveness
Authors: Henrieta Anișoara Șerban
Pages: 89 - 108
Abstract: This article approaches the feminist discourse as an ethical discourse. The feminist discourse is interpreted as a symptom of the relationship among speech, symbolic power and worldview. Discourse situates people, while emphasizing, if not sustaining, reinforcing, or challenging power structures. The awareness of the connection between speech and action as well as the awareness concerning the power of language to emphasize inequality and marginalization should be manifest in intellectual and in more popular contexts of life, although it is not. Feminist discursive considerations continue to be disregarded as unimportant constituting an intriguing parallel to the general approach of feminist matters, interests and ideals and to women’s affairs in certain carefully adorned social and more personal contexts (for instance, related to harassment, violence and rape). The feminist discourse represents the discourse of autonomy, public presence and dignity of women. However, feminism is not just a discourse, and it is not just one unitary discourse, since it prescribes a paradigm of a specific and very complex worldview (a Gestalt) and the category of women is assumed as being heterogeneous. As an ethical discourse, the feminist discourse aims to transform society. It articulates the emancipation from prescribed social roles, human rights as rights for all humans and as rights to dignity. The study is based on the theoretical perspectives opened by feminist classics such as Simone de Beauvoir and Luce Irigaray, as well as on arguments engaged by more recent authors, such as Chantal Mouffe and Mihaela Miroiu. We ground our investigation also on the findings of Pierre Bourdieu in what concerns the relation between language and power. In our (holistic) view, a relevant discussion of feminism cannot approach separately the feminist discourse, the feminist theoretical and political tenants, the feminist worldviews and potential reformation of power structures. In this way, feminism is very close to the postliberalism of Richard Rorty, although it presents specific differences from other postliberal views and liberalism. Feminism, as inclusive ethical discourse, places the accent on a more emphatic worldview where solidarity is based on care (Carol Gilligan) and not on the gratitude of being born a man. As a consequence, this worldview endorses security rights for women in society and at home, the reproduction rights for women and on the equality of opportunity for women and men.
PubDate: 2019-04-08
Issue No: Vol. 67, No. 2 (2019)
- The Trap and the Unavoidable. Nietzsche and Hegel on the Politics of
History
Authors: Emanuel Copilaș
Pages: 109 - 126
Abstract: This article explores Nietzsche and Hegel’s philosophies of history, aiming to defend the latter from the powerful and challenging critiques of the first. It does so by analyzing the strengths and also the weaknesses of both positions, and concludes that Nietzsche’s rebuke of Hegelianism is, despite some interesting and fertile insights, hasty and, up to a certain point, even shallow.
PubDate: 2019-04-08
Issue No: Vol. 67, No. 2 (2019)
- Structural Negativity of Value Judgments
Authors: Viorel Cernica
Pages: 127 - 144
Abstract: In certain theories of philosophy of culture, the abstract aspect of values is emphasized, and, consequently, the values are treated as mere concepts. The formal kind in which they appear in any theoretical context is that of a value judgment. In this paper, I will develop the idea about a meaning of “negativity” implied in the structure of a value judgment. I intend, starting from Kant’s theory on the judgment of taste (about the beautiful), to point out a direction in which a critique of our prejudgments concerning the values is possible, along with a (philosophical) reconstruction of the culture. The meaning of negativity is present in the structure of any kind of value judgment, and its genesis is a non-judicative experience. All my arguments focus on this idea.
PubDate: 2019-04-08
Issue No: Vol. 67, No. 2 (2019)
- On the Pseudo-Ontology of the Tractatus…
Authors: Alejandro Tomasini Bassols
Pages: 145 - 156
Abstract: In this essay I argue that in his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus Wittgenstein was perfectly coherent with his conception of philosophy and, accordingly, that no philosophical theory is to be found in the book. I apply this methodological principle to the so-called ‘ontological’ sections of the text and try to show that what Wittgenstein does is to give us the logic of ontological theories, which is not tantamount to putting forward an ontological theory. “Objects”, “facts” and so on are formal concepts, not empirical ones.
PubDate: 2019-04-08
Issue No: Vol. 67, No. 2 (2019)
- Phenomenalism and the Metaphysical Question of the External World. The
Strange Case of John St. Mill
Authors: Constantin Stoenescu
Pages: 157 - 176
Abstract: Although John St. Mill seems to be a philosopher easy to be classified in the history of philosophy as an empiricist who has overstated the epistemological role of induction, if we take into account his metaphysical commitments then we’ll find an unexpected approach which has to be explained. I think that in his book about Hamilton, especially in chapter 11, “The Psychological Theory of the Belief in an External World”, Mill tried to find a new way in metaphysics, mediated by his empiricist epistemology, namely, a new solution to the problem of external world and an alternative to metaphysical realism and subjective idealism. Starting from the conviction that the difficulties of metaphysics lie at the root of all sciences, Mill developed an unusual theory of physical object and phenomenon and he claimed that we can infer their existence from the sensations which are understood as permanent possibilities of experience. Historically, by his own version of a “Copernican metaphysics”, Mill tried to find a conceptual path between British empiricists, Locke, Berkeley and Hume on the one hand, and Kant and Reid on the other hand, and to escape from the tension between the two tenets.
PubDate: 2019-04-08
Issue No: Vol. 67, No. 2 (2019)
- Towards a Plurality of Bodily Affordances
Authors: Stefan Lorenz Sorgner
Pages: 179 - 185
Abstract: Even though we have moved away from Catholic understanding of procreation, there is still a long way to go to legally and morally accept that procreation can be realised by means of a great plurality of techniques. I will describe four techniques, which potentially or actually offer human beings new procreative options. People who wish to use these techniques often get treated paternalistically in a violent manner and get hindered from realizing their deepest wishes and longings. It is highly questionable whether such regulations are in tune with the basic guidelines of a liberal democratic society. Hence, I argue that still a lot needs to be done in this respect in most countries all over the world.
PubDate: 2019-04-08
Issue No: Vol. 67, No. 2 (2019)
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