Authors:Hugo Filgueiras de Araújo Pages: 7 - 22 Abstract: O artigo analisa em Platão a integração/συναμφότερον entre a alma e o corpo humanos nos diálogos Cármides e Timeu a partir das noções de saúde/ὑγίεια e doença/νόσος e de como se originam no homem. A tese é de que no pensamento de Platão há a forte presença de uma visão integrada do homem, sendo psicossomática a relação entre as instâncias constitutivas (alma e corpo), pois ambas sofrem (πάσχω) influência uma da outra. São consideradas também as nuanças da relação alma/corpo no tocante aos aspectos psicofísicos da composição Como consequência, essa defesa vai além da leitura dualista propagada erroneamente pelos manuais de filosofia, que insistem em afirmar que em Platão o corpo deve ser desprezado pela alma. Ou seja, o que “parece” nos textos de Platão ser um discurso que remete uma forte tensão entre alma/corpo é um alerta feito pelo filósofo de como é necessária a equilibrada integração entre ambos. PubDate: 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.36517/10.36517/Argumentos.30.1
Authors:Elizabeth Assis Dias Pages: 23 - 38 Abstract: Lakatos is a philosopher who was part of Popper's circle of disciples and who to some extent followed his master. When elaborating his notion of a scientific investigation program, he adopted many ideas defended by Popper, but he also intended to overcome him. In this paper, based on the notion of “research program”, which in our understanding is present in the thinking of the two philosophers, our objective is to investigate in which aspects Lakatos took a step ahead of his master. To this end, we will first show that in Popper the notion of “research program” is already elaborated, considering his ideas about the “organized structure” that guides scientific investigations and the “metaphysical research program”. Subsequently, we will present Lakatos' notion of “scientific research program”, as a rereading of Popperian programs, seeking to show that he gave them unity and greater systematicity and sought to resolve certain impasses that weakened them. PubDate: 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.36517/10.36517/Argumentos.30.2
Authors:Daniel Soares Pages: 39 - 53 Abstract: Eric Weil, Karl Jaspers and Martin Heidegger are three German philosophers, one of whom is Jewish. Weil presents in the category of the finite a possibility among the philosophical discourses that comprise Heidegger and Jaspers. This paper proposes a partial understanding of Jaspers and Heidegger through the Weilian category of the finite and the resumption operated by this possibility of discourse – finitude – of the category of work, whose phenomenology is Nazism. For this purpose, the article was divided into three sections, followed by an introduction. The Introduction aims to present the relationship between the three thinkers given through two texts by Weil. We also list the reasons for choosing the works of Heidegger and Jaspers that will be discussed. The first section of the article contains a presentation of the Weilian concepts that are the basis for the following sections. In the second section, these concepts are compared with the Heideggerian thought. In the third section, we apply the same method to Jaspers' thinking, showing the limitations that Heidegger's thinking finds on the political plane. We conclude the paper with a small balance of the discussion. PubDate: 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.36517/10.36517/Argumentos.30.3
Authors:Judikael Castelo Branco Pages: 54 - 68 Abstract: This article articulates the figure of the storyteller and the concept of factual truth to reflect on elements of Hannah Arendt’s philosophy that are also important for understanding our political situation. In it, Arendt's thought is seen as tributary to history and disposed to an alternative model of thinking: narrative thinking. Two ideas that revolve around the figure of the storyteller and the concept of factual truth. The goal of this research is, then, to take up again Arendt's reflection on factual truth in order to understand our own context, marked by negationism and even by ideas such as “post-truth”. The choice of the author is not fortuitous, but is justified by the approach in which truth is not taken as an epistemological, neutral issue. To this end, we divide our text into four parts. In the first, we resume essential aspects of the relation between Arendtian thought and history. In the second, the same question is seen from the point of view of the questioning of the adequate way to respond to the “imperative of testimony” about the concentrationary experience. In the third, we turn to the figure of the storyteller and “narrative thinking” as an alternative to the Archimedean point of view. Finally, we find the notion of factual truth that, in fact, underpins all previous moments. PubDate: 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.36517/10.36517/Argumentos.30.4
Authors:Gustavo Fujiwara Pages: 69 - 82 Abstract: The present article traces the dialectical way in which Sartre, since the 1960s, acclimates yhe psychic life and the lived. For this purpose, we will conduct an investigative incursion supported by a set of Sartrean writings from this period, with special focus on the essay Questions of method (1957) and the conference that our author gave in 1961, which the title, Marxism and subjectivity, reveals his attempt to reconcile existentialism and historical materialism in the light of an existential dialectic. Subsequently, we show how the dialectic of psychic life, which presupposes a dialectical antinomy (presence to the self and absence of the self), gives rise, on the part of the philosopher, to a specific criticism of Freudian psychoanalysis. PubDate: 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.36517/10.36517/Argumentos.30.5
Authors:Eduardo Simões Pages: 83 - 96 Abstract: The aim of this article is to present the theme of quantum mysticism, which until now has been neglected by most epistemologists, as a subject that is both exciting and challenging. When mystical positions are born out of legitimate scientific interpretations, therefore, reconciling with science, like many aspects of the anti-realism of many orthodox interpretations of quantum mechanics, these are only epistemic problems for which reflections and elucidations are required, but that do not compromise the theory’s predictive and application power. On the other hand, when such positions become confrontational with science, there is a challenge imposed on us for which solutions are required. It is precisely this moment that we are experiencing within physical science: a tangle of mystical theories that do not even touch the aims and identity of quantum theory are presented as if they were truths of faith. It is up to the quantum theory itself, however, to reflect on its percentage of commitment to this state of affairs, given its historical conformity with attitudes of indeterminacy, uncertainty, discontinuity and lack of causal link. PubDate: 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.36517/10.36517/Argumentos.30.6
Authors:Wesley Barbosa Pages: 97 - 110 Abstract: This article will seek to investigate how a spirituality without God is possible in Ferry and Sponville. Passing through Renaissance and Enlightenment humanisms, to the stage of deconstruction with Nietzsche, we will arrive in a devastated land, without any idols to prostrate themselves on their knees. Amidst the rubble of the devastated land, there would still be something to cling to as a profusion of experience with the sacred: love. No longer an abstract love, but a practical, everyday love, love for others, love for family members. PubDate: 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.36517/10.36517/Argumentos.30.7
Authors:Frank Thomas Sautter Pages: 111 - 119 Abstract: Anthony Shiver (2013) developed two logical card games for the practice of derivation in the context of Classical Propositional Logic. While he has laid out the general outlines of these games, many details of their design are missing. In this paper I propose a methodology for the detailed design of the first of Shiver games. This methodology follows an informational approach to the selection of logical cards in the deck, that conforms to criteria for the reachability of each card and the balance between them. PubDate: 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.36517/10.36517/Argumentos.30.8
Authors:Marco Anthony Steveson Villas Boas Pages: 120 - 135 Abstract: This article, from on a prospective-reflexive approach, presents specific aspects of theoretical and conceptual assumptions of Michel Foucault and Pierre Bourdieu, in order to bring to light the concepts of governmentality, biopower, biopolitics, field, habitus, capital and symbolic violence, for the understanding of neoliberalism and its impact on the State, democracy and individual freedom. Such concepts serve here as a starting point the presentation of perspectives descending from the former, developed by theorists Giorgio Agamben, Wendy Brown and Achille Mbembe, enabling a finding regarding the non-fulfillment of the promises of the Liberal State and the Democratic State and their transmutations in neoliberalism, polycentric as to the power of dominance over individuals, which together with the market and the State forms the triangularization of the power derived from the governmentality of the Neoliberal State. PubDate: 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.36517/10.36517/Argumentos.30.9
Authors:Rogério Gesta Leal Pages: 136 - 155 Abstract: The objective of this work is to critically evaluate how the theoretical foundations of Radical Democracy, namely those exposed by Chantal Mouffe and her interlocutors, can contribute to the deepening of Deliberative Democracy with a Habermasian accent and its foundations of political participation. The problem that we intend to highlight concerns the possibility of equalizing the convergences and divergences between the fundamentals of Radical Democracy and Deliberative Democracy, aiming to constitute the improvement of contemporary political participation. In light of these problems, our hypothesis is that certain contributions of Radical Democracy are adequate with Deliberative Democracy; however, others do not, and on these we intend to identify support insufficiencies. PubDate: 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.36517/10.36517/Argumentos.30.10
Authors:Rodrygo Rocha Macedo, Odilio Alves Aguiar Pages: 156 - 172 Abstract: The present article deals with the concept of power in the birth and sustenance of the State from the conceptual link of the works of G. W. F. Hegel and Carl Schmitt. Hegel, in Philosophy of Right, proposed an route of the will in its historical movement, whose point of arrival is the State. The will, expressing freedom, would be the dynamizing and founding principle of the State entity itself. Carl Schmitt, following Hegel's reading of the law doctrine, also admitted the will as the basis of the State, superimposed over the law itself, since the law has no power to create the political structure of the size of the state entity. Specifically, the article explores how both the aforementioned philosopher and the political theorist mentioned have provided explanations as to whether power is generated in the internal gears of the state or whether it is transmitted to the state entity from an external source. To achieve this goal, three aspects are analyzed: the first one is the degree of similarity between Hegel's free will and the "decision" elaborated by Schmitt. The second aspect seeks to identify how will and decision are inserted in the composition of the State as a political entity. Finally, this article considers how will and decision in the state are contained or stimulated by the constitutional device. PubDate: 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.36517/10.36517/Argumentos.30.11
Authors:Katia Cilene da Silva Santos Pages: 173 - 184 Abstract: In this text, we explore some of the most important theses developed by Newton da Costa throughout his philosophical career. We present concepts and ideas from his works, gathering contributions in the fields of logic and philosophy of science. The focus will be on works Sistemas formais inconsistentes, Ensaios sobre os fundamentos da lógica and O conhecimento científico, of which we will explain the themes and some of the concepts and results achieved by the philosopher. The purpose of this presentation is to highlight the originality of his thought, that is, how his personal answers address relevant questions of the history of philosophy, mathematics and logic. PubDate: 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.36517/10.36517/Argumentos.30.12
Authors:Fábio Caires Correia, Oneide Perius Pages: 185 - 202 Abstract: Para compreender a relação de Adorno com a fenomenologia, ou melhor, a relação Adorno-Husserl, é importante distinguir dois momentos indissociáveis: (I) a crítica da fenomenologia operada a partir da dialética, e (II) o reconhecimento da legitimidade de um momento fenomenológico contra idealismo hegeliano. Do ponto de vista conceitual, trata-se, portanto, de desconstruir a primazia do imediato, que caracteriza o conceito fenomenológico do dado, para depois denunciar a pretensão idealista de uma totalização de todas as mediações em um sistema de pensamento. A coexistência desses dois requisitos no mesmo método poderia ter sido reduzida, se não a uma contradição, ao menos a uma aporia. O acerto de contas com o idealismo husserliano torna-se, portanto, prima facie, uma importante chave de leitura para a compreensão da filosofia de Adorno. Ainda mais quando se trata da forma negativa que sua dialética assumirá. Essas são as questões que este artigo pretende discutir. PubDate: 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.36517/10.36517/Argumentos.30.13
Authors:Avelino Aldo de Lima Neto Pages: 203 - 206 Abstract: A escola: problema filosófico é uma coletânea oriunda do III Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de Filosofia da Educação, realizado em 2018 na Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas. Organizado por Samuel Mendonça e Silvio Gallo, o livro foi publicado em 2020 pela Parábola Editorial (São Paulo). Junto à obra A escola: uma questão pública – publicada no mesmo ano e pela mesma Editora –, forma um díptico que interroga, com o instrumental teórico próprio da Filosofia da Educação, a instituição escolar. PubDate: 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.36517/10.36517/Argumentos.30.14
Authors:Luiz Felipe Netto de Andrade e Silva Sahd Pages: 207 - 212 Abstract: Publicado originalmente em 2017, As margens da ficção reúne textos criteriosamente selecionados e ordenados a dar ao livro uma unidade sólida construída em torno de um projeto central, ampliar o projeto iniciado por Jacques Rancière em A palavra muda. Ensaio sobre as contradições da literatura (1998) e A política da literatura (2007), de uma poética da ficção moderna. Como tal, constitui uma possível introdução ao conjunto maior da vertente estética de sua obra. A noção de poética é tomada de empréstimo da Poética de Aristóteles, na qual expõe a teoria das normas de composição do poema como ficção narrativa. Se a poética aristotélica forma “a matriz estável da racionalidade ficcional clássica no Ocidente” (RANCIÈRE, 2021, p. 8), a de Rancière pretende, por sua vez, dar conta das transformações que afetaram essa matriz no romance moderno e nas ciências humanas e sociais do século XIX. À vista disso, se em obras como A partilha do sensível (2000) ou O inconsciente estético (2001), o autor propôs uma releitura do discurso filosófico da estética, sua constituição do regime estético da arte que desestabiliza uma distinção fundamental no Ocidente e na modernidade, ao estabelecer a superioridade da razão sobre as faculdades sensíveis, A política da literatura ou O fio perdido. Ensaios sobre a ficção moderna (2013), Rancière explora uma outra dimensão da estética, a que diz respeito à ficção e às formas da narrativa. PubDate: 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.36517/10.36517/Argumentos.30.15
Authors:Luiz Paulo Da Cas Cichoski Pages: 213 - 217 Abstract: A obra The Epistemology of Groups de Jennifer Lackey apresenta uma posição singular, não tão comumente defendida, no campo da Epistemologia Coletiva. Característico da posição da autora em outros temas (onde o aspecto crítico, a argumentação negativa, é sempre muito saliente), a posição defendida se estrutura a partir de um meio-termo entre as posições consolidadas na literatura. O campo da Epistemologia Coletiva é dividido por abordagens individualistas e coletivistas. Individualistas argumentam que uma análise restrita às propriedades dos indivíduos que compõem a realidade social é suficiente para a explicação de quaisquer fenômenos. Aplicando essa ideia à Epistemologia Coletiva, teríamos a tese individualista de que crença, justificação e conhecimento de grupo devem ser entendidos a partir das crenças, justificação e conhecimento dos indivíduos que os integram. Coletivistas defendem que algumas propriedades epistêmicas de grupos não são redutíveis às propriedades epistêmicas de seus membros. Eles argumentam que há casos de divergência entre níveis, onde o grupo pode crer que p, estar justificado em crer que p, ou saber que p, enquanto nenhum membro crê, está justificado ou sabe. A abordagem de Lackey se posiciona significativamente no lado individualista do debate, concedendo uma posição coletivista apenas para a asserção de grupo, mas se mantendo individualista nas questões centrais da Epistemologia Coletiva: crença, justificação e conhecimento. PubDate: 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.36517/10.36517/Argumentos.30.16
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