Authors:Andri Azis Putra, Arqom Kuswanjono, Misnal Munir Pages: 173 - 192 Abstract: Consciousness is one of the most vital states of human existence. One of its roles is to explain the context of life in the uncertainty of life itself. The most influential aspect of this means is the human fundamental religious state. This paper aimed to find clarity of humans’ consciousness and religious well-being relation and to obtain an existential ground for a progressive scheme for both subjects as well. This research will use a philosophical-hermeneutic approach with existential uncertainty as to its material object and Sufistic consciousness as the formal object. This research showed that human religious well-being can be used as Sufistic consciousness ground to adjust human existential dilemma. The scheme used is to determine the position of each divine theophany (tajalliy) element on its impact on the level of human psychological consciousness. Al-a'yan ats-tsabitah has taken a leading role in this research, especially in explaining the impossible and possible things for the human condition. PubDate: 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.21580/teo.2021.32.2.9456 Issue No:Vol. 32, No. 2 (2022)
Authors:Mukhammad Zamzami, Abdullah Hosseini Eskandian, Muktafi Muktafi, Zumrotul Mukaffa Pages: 193 - 210 Abstract: The debate over the term “evil” is one of the most contentious issues in philosophy, as this term is considered to be antithetical to existence. Suhrawardī al-Maqtūl, a prominent Islamic theosophist, believed that evil did not exist. That which is considered evil or not evil is a suggestion for achieving good, and as such, it is also good. As a result, the term “crime” does not exist. What Suhrawardī said contrasted with John Hick’s view in the article “Theodicy of Soul Cultivation.” Hick concludes that basically evil exists, but only insofar as it is required to develop and evolve the human psyche and spirituality. After comparing the thoughts of these two figures, this article concludes that their partisan defence of God’s existence and His attributes regarding evil is what leads us to their views on the term “evil” and solutions to solve the crime. Suhrawardi and Hick both believe that the existence of evil does not preclude the existence of God because God is absolute. God is not against good or evil. What has considered evil is the judgment of one’s misunderstanding or the requirements for obtaining charity. PubDate: 2022-03-20 DOI: 10.21580/teo.2021.32.2.8569 Issue No:Vol. 32, No. 2 (2022)
Authors:Muhammad Akmaluddin Pages: 211 - 232 Abstract: The exoteric dimension is a systematic basis in looking for surface meaning of hadith. Whereas the esoteric dimension used to look for the unspeakable, the essential and the signal meaning. Understanding hadith meaning with both dimensions will explain the surface and deep meaning of hadith. By using qualitative approach, literary research and content analysis, this paper will discuss how the development of exoteric and esoteric dimensions in understanding hadith and both relationship. Each Islamic scholars has his own method when looking for the esoteric dimension in understanding hadith. Al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmiżī used proverbs (amṡāl), al-Ghazālī used consideration (i‘tibār), and Ibn al-'Arab Ibn al-‘Arabī used trainings (riyāḍāt) and struggles (mujāhadāt). Although using different terms, they agreed that the esoteric dimension must be based on the exoteric dimension. The detachment of the esoteric dimension from the exoteric dimension will cause the loss of the meaning foundation and will fall into bāṭiniyyah method. PubDate: 2022-03-20 DOI: 10.21580/teo.2021.32.2.8916 Issue No:Vol. 32, No. 2 (2022)
Authors:Abdullah Khusairi, Ahmad Khoirul Fata Pages: 233 - 256 Abstract: This paper examines the religious dynamics image in contemporary Indonesia was presented by the printed mass media. Using van Dijk's critical discourse analysis method, and the hierarchy of influence media content of Pamela Shoemaker and Stephen Reese, this paper examines the content of popular articles in the Kompas and Republika for the period 2013-2017. These two print media were chosen because they are two different ideological poles. Kompas was born from Catholic activists and supported by several military officers. Meanwhile, Republika was founded by Islamic activists with government support. The themes of popular articles in both media revolve around issues of the state and democracy, political dynamics and Islamic parties, and spirituality. The religious discourse contest at Kompas and Republika was filled with Muslim scholars and leaders of Islamic mass organizations. Kompas does not provide enough space for new writers so that its popular articles are filled by monotonous scholars. On the other hand, Republika has promoted many new writers. However, Republika also features internal writers. Popular articles from Kompas and Republika put forward a moderate religious face. However, Republika seems to emphasize the Islamic side more, while Kompas appears to be more inclusive. PubDate: 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.21580/teo.2021.32.2.9180 Issue No:Vol. 32, No. 2 (2022)
Authors:Susilo Susanto, Joni Manumpak Parulian Gultom, Herman Pakiding First page: 257 Abstract: A person's theology greatly influences what he will do. When someone has the proper Theology, he will give birth to the right action. However, many the wrong in giving makes researchers redesign the theology of giving as a catalyst for loving humans in this pandemic era. The pandemic has taken away human happiness and peace. The increase in the number of death rates, poverty, and neglect, is happening everywhere. Suffering after suffering due to the pandemic should evoke a sense of love to help each other. Therefore, the problem's formulation in this research is: First, how does theology of giving according to the Bible' Second, how is the implementation of the theology of giving to be a catalyst in loving humans in the pandemic era' The purpose of this research is, first, to find out the truth of the theology of giving based on the Word of Christ. Second, to discover how to implement the theology of giving to become a catalyst in loving others in the pandemic era. This study uses qualitative research methods with data collection, literature study, and observation. This research concludes that the theology of giving according to biblical truth is 1. It is giving with love. 2. Give by faith. 3. Giving willingly, sincerely, and joyfully. 4. Give the best, not the leftovers. 5. Giving in all circumstances. 6. Sowing bountifully will reap; sowing will reap sparingly. 7. Giving has an impact, both in this world and in life. There are three things in implementing this theology of giving: teaching, modeling, and organizing. With these three things, everyone will consciously be motivated to love others. PubDate: 2022-04-27 DOI: 10.21580/teo.2021.32.2.9546 Issue No:Vol. 32, No. 2 (2022)
Authors:Bobby Kurnia Putrawan, Pratiwi Eunike Pages: 153 - 172 Abstract: In the history of Islam, in the classical era, radicalism has existed, so it is not a new phenomenon in the modern age. Since the time of the Caliph Umar radicalism has emerged, but not yet organized, only in the time of the Caliph Ali bin Abu Talib this movement began to be systemized and organized through a Khawarij theological movement with its radical and uncompromising understanding of various acts of violence to oppose the tahkim or arbitration between the caliphs. Ali ibn Abi Talib and Muawiyah. Arbitration takes place in the context of the Shiffin war in which the khawarij group considers those who agreed to deviate from Islamic teachings. Later in Cairo an organization that had the same characteristics as the khawarij emerged, who wanted the authenticity of the teachings of Islam in the form of literal interpretation, without compromise, softening or reduction or reinterpretation. In filling out theological studies related to radicalism, this research was made to analyze "The relationship between radical genealogists in the classical period and the contemporary era in interpreting the Qur'an literally" At the end of the analysis will discuss the deconstruction of jihad as an effort to explain the meaning of jihad from various paradigms. PubDate: 2021-12-14 DOI: 10.21580/teo.2021.32.1.7906 Issue No:Vol. 32, No. 2 (2021)
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