 Subjects -> PHILOSOPHY (Total: 762 journals)
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- Plants and Vegetal Respiration in Early Greek Philosophy
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Authors: Claudia Zatta
Abstract: This essay pursues the question of vegetal respiration in Presocratics’ doctrines in contrast to Aristotle’s categorical circumscription of this vital process to the blooded animals. It finds that epithelial respiration in DK31 B100 is central to Empedocles’ conception of plants’ breathing, linked to their fructification, deciduousness, and overall life preservation. It also discusses plants’ respiration in relation to their body temperature in Menestor, then, concludes by analyzing Democritus’ psychological doctrine, arguing that the intake of fiery atoms pertained to all living beings, plants included.
PubDate: Sat, 25 Feb 2023 06:01:18 GMT
- Acheloios, Thales, and the Origin of Philosophy. A Response to the
neo-Marxians. By Nicholas Molinari-
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Authors: Richard Seaford
PubDate: Sat, 25 Feb 2023 06:01:17 GMT
- The Historiography of Philosophy. By Michael Frede
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Authors: Daniel Wolt
PubDate: Sat, 25 Feb 2023 06:01:17 GMT
- A Wolf in the City: Tyranny and the Tyrant in Plato’s Republic. By
Cynzia Arruzza-
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Authors: Eric Sanday
PubDate: Sat, 25 Feb 2023 06:01:16 GMT
- Aristotle on Thought and Feeling. By Paula Gottlieb
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Authors: Doug Reed
PubDate: Sat, 25 Feb 2023 06:01:16 GMT
- Sextus on Place - A Dialectical Insulation between Philosophical Questions
and Ordinary Answers-
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Authors: Anna Tigani
Abstract: In Sextus’ discussion of ‘place’ we find an attempt to insulate the philosophical questions about the conception of place and the ordinary answers to questions about where certain things are from one another. Common moves in dialectical practice against begging the question are used to delimitate the two contexts. Contrary to Myles Burnyeat’s interpretation, I argue, through close reading of the relevant texts, that there is no inconsistency in Sextus’ attempt.
PubDate: Sat, 25 Feb 2023 06:01:15 GMT
- Socrates on Self-Improvement: Knowledge, Virtue, and Happiness. By
Nicholas D. Smith-
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Authors: Freya Möbus
PubDate: Sat, 25 Feb 2023 06:01:15 GMT
- Genos and Eidos in Plato
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Authors: Fernando Muniz;George Rudebusch
Abstract: English translates ‘genos’ as kind and ‘eidos’ as form, which differ in meaning as much as ‘herd’ and ‘brand’ do. But there are hard passages where ‘genos’ and ‘eidos’ have appeared to be synonyms, usually given the new meaning class. We show that, although ‘genos’ and ‘eidos’ are never synonyms and continue to mean kind and form, the word ‘eidos’ can be used figuratively, as a metonym, for a genos.
PubDate: Sat, 25 Feb 2023 06:01:14 GMT
- Philosophical Breakdowns and Divine Intervention - Motivational Conditions
for Philosophy in Plato-
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Authors: Thomas Slabon
Abstract: This article investigates how Plato thinks we secure necessary motivational conditions for inquiry. After presenting a typology of zetetic breakdowns in the dialogues, I identify norms of inquiry Plato believes all successful inquirers must satisfy. Satisfying these norms requires trust that philosophy will not harm but benefit inquirers overall. This trust cannot be secured by protreptic argument. Instead, it requires divine intervention—an extra-rational foundation for rational inquiry.
PubDate: Sat, 25 Feb 2023 06:01:14 GMT
- The Ignorance of Xenophon’s Socrates
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Authors: Sandra Peterson
Abstract: This article responds to scholars that claim that Xenophon’s Socrates, unlike Plato’s Socrates, never professes ignorance about moral matters (§1). I cite instances when the behavior of Xenophon’s Socrates implies that he acknowledges ignorance about particular moral matters. Implied acknowledgement of ignorance amounts to implicit profession (§2). I then consider passages that are evidence that Xenophon’s Socrates professed his ignorance about ‘the greatest things’, which include ethical matters much larger than particular (§3).
PubDate: Sat, 25 Feb 2023 06:01:13 GMT
- The Perceptive Soul’s Impassivity in Late Ancient Reception of
Aristotle’s De anima-
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Authors: Robert Roreitner
Abstract: The article reconstructs a late ancient debate concerning a dilemma raised by Aristotle’s De anima: How can an impassive soul account for perceiving qua being affected by perceptual objects' It is argued that Alexander and Themistius developed radically different approaches which can be better understood within a larger context of the dialogue between Aristotelianism and Platonism. The debate is shown to be instructive in underlining difficulties inherent in Aristotle’s account.
PubDate: Sat, 25 Feb 2023 06:01:13 GMT
- Myths of Self-Transformation in Plato’s Republic
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Authors: Max J. Latona
Abstract: In the Republic, a popular interpretation holds that Plato conceives knowledge (ἐπιστήμη) as a cognitive state that exclusively takes metaphysical intelligibles as its objects, i.e., the Good and the Forms. This interpretation claims further that ἐπιστήμη of perceptibles is impossible, such that the highest cognitive achievement one can attain in the perceptible world is opinion (δόξα). I have two main aims. First, I argue that this interpretation fails to convince us as to why the various ἐπιστήμαι of the craftsmen, the non-philosophic citizens, cannot constitute knowledge of a sortal kind. Second, the view seems to undermine Plato’s possible view on scientific knowledge, i.e., a kind of knowledge that plausibly involves observation of concrete phenomena, a thorough study of the observed phenomena, and drawing deductive or indicative conclusions in the perceptible world. I explore Plato’s possible view on scientific knowledge and propose that, among others, the various ἐπιστήμαι of the craftsmen (or most of them) plausibly constitute scientific knowledge, and their cognitive competence should be understood as such.
PubDate: Sat, 25 Feb 2023 06:01:12 GMT
- Philoponus’ Potentially Ensouled Bodies
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Authors: Jorge Mittelmann
Abstract: In commenting on Aristotle’s κοινότατος λόγος of the soul – which portrays it as ‘the first actuality of a natural body having life in potentiality’– Philoponus suggests that seeds and embryos are not potentially alive bodies, despite ‘having become ready to receive life from the soul’ (209.17). To the extent that something’s suitability to be ensouled turns it eo ipso into a potentially alive thing, Philoponus’ remark may betray a contradiction, that can be handled by tinkering with the scope of a closely attached adverb. This paper argues that no such intervention is required, however, and that apparent inconsistencies vanish as soon as Neoplatonic embryology and Philoponus’ lexical background are given their due.
PubDate: Sat, 25 Feb 2023 06:01:12 GMT
- Can Flogging Make Us Less Ignorant' - Socrates on Bodily Punishment
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Authors: Freya Möbus
Abstract: In the Gorgias, Socrates claims that painful bodily punishment like flogging can improve certain wrongdoers. I argue that we can take Socrates’ endorsement seriously, even on the standard interpretation of Socratic motivational intellectualism, according to which there are no non-rational desires. I propose that flogging can epistemically improve certain wrongdoers by communicating that wrongdoing is bad for oneself. In certain cases, this belief cannot be communicated effectively through philosophical dialogue.
PubDate: Sat, 25 Feb 2023 06:01:11 GMT
- Phantastic Content - The Perception of Value in Aristotle’s Theory
of the Passions-
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Authors: Daniel R. Harkin
Abstract: Phantastic interpreters of the emotions in Aristotle argue that a quasi-perceptual faculty, phantasia, is responsible for grasping the relevant value content. This article argues that phantasia cannot do this work. Rather, it claims, a phantastic account either collapses into the straight-up perceptual account or it fails to offer a cognitive account at all (despite the claims made by some of its adherents). According to the first option the focal value properties, such as slights and danger, are part of perceptual content from the start. It ends by proposing that phantastic interpreters are better off opting for the straight-up perceptual account, a view that has wide-ranging implications for our interpretation of Aristotle.
PubDate: Sat, 25 Feb 2023 06:01:11 GMT
- Pythagorean Topoi in Aristophanes’ Birds 1553–1564
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Authors: Alessandro Stavru
Abstract: I will deal with a much-discussed passage of Aristophanes’ Birds, in which Socrates is depicted as a psuchagogos, a conjurer of souls. This is the only passage in Socratic literature in which such an activity is attributed to Socrates. In the Clouds, which was staged nine years prior to Birds, Aristophanes defines Socrates’ school as the ‘thinkery of wise souls’, and the endeavors of his pupils as a ‘taking care’ of their own souls. In the Clouds, Socrates is portrayed training his pupils in natural philosophy, eristic arguments and Orphic-Pythagorean rituals: but what Socrates specifically does with the souls of his pupils is not clear at all. For this, we have to look to Birds, and in particular to verses 1553-1564, a passage I examine in detail. I first discuss the passage itself and how it relates to the comedy as a whole, I then provide a reading of parallel passages from the Clouds and Pythagorean literature, before finally returning to the verses in the Birds to draw some conclusions.
PubDate: Sat, 25 Feb 2023 06:01:10 GMT
- Beyond Unified Multiplicity - Beauty and the Illumination by the Good in
Plotinus-
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Authors: Ota Gál
Abstract: This article traces the limits of the understanding of beauty as unified multiplicity in Plotinus’ Enneads vi 2 and vi 6. These treatises can be read as insisting on the significance of multiplicity for beauty and as implying a distinction between the illuminated and the unilluminated beauty of Intellect. In treatise vi 7, this distinction is made explicit and a deeper understanding of beauty as the manifestation of the Good in Intellect is introduced.
PubDate: Sat, 25 Feb 2023 06:01:10 GMT
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