Authors:Alberto Guzmán-Janeiro Abstract: In this anthology of works, the reader is offered an interdisciplinary dialogue under the rubric of a philosophy of medicine. The preparation of this work has been possible thanks to the versatile contributions that the Seminar on Epistemology of Health Sciences (SECS) welcomed in its transversal program: where it was about articulating what we have been calling a philosophy of medicine in concrete and a philosophy of health sciences in general. With the purpose of placing the philosophy of medicine within the set of fields that can be assigned to the health sciences, this anthology is divided into four blocks in which it appears: the thematic horizon of the philosophy of medicine, an analysis exhaustive on the methodological approach in the health sciences, the state of the art on the debates surrounding the definition of the disease and the detailed study of the assumptions of the biomedical model. In this first block: Filosofía de la medicina: estado del arte, the task of answering a series of questions that allows delimiting the map of this field of research with respect to others. What makes the philosophy of medicine an autonomous field of research' What is the set of problems that the philosophy of medicine addresses' What subfields currently make up this discipline' The second block that makes up this anthology begins with the study of the epistemology and methodology of health sciences. Atocha Aliseda, Rodrigo Itzamna Fuentes and Fernanda Samaniego will carry out in their works a tentative, but methodologically suggestive task, of highlighting specific cognitive activities for solving problems in clinical terrain. Sobre la caracterización de enfermedad: disfunción biológica y sobrediagnóstico is the title of our third block; where Mariana Salcedo and Adriana Murguía analyze the different debates that have arisen about the concept - so elusive - of illness. The fourth and final block is divided between the works of Marcia Villanueva, David Fajardo-Chica and David Servín Hernández, in which it will meditate on dehumanization in the practice of medicine, suffering at the end of life and the practice clinic in the current biomedical model. PubDate: 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.17533/udea.ef.356640
Authors:Bryan Zúñiga Abstract: Phenomenology describes the transcendental structures of human experience within its constant relationship with the world. Moments such as affectivity, temporality, corporeality, spatiality, and intersubjectivity thus constitute key elements within this approach. In this context, the following contribution aims to describe an experience of great importance in the works circumscribed in phenomenological psychopathology, namely, the experience of dissociation (Spaltung). To achieve this task, our article will have three moments. First, it will present a phenomenological description of the lived body (Leib). Second, considering Marc Richir's philosophy, it will outline a genetic phenomenology that reveals the first constitution of the body schema during childhood through Phantasy’s labor. Finally, it will present a genetic phenomenology of the lived body that sheds light on the transcendental origin of the dissociative experience. PubDate: 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.17533/udea.ef.355492
Authors:Martín L. Vargas-Aragón Abstract: “Iatrophilosophy” is defined as the translational discipline between medicine and philosophy that has a double objective, theoretical and practical. It is presented a model of practical iatrophilosophy applied to chronic pain associated with depression and stress—depresalgia—, that expands Phenomenologic, Hermeneutic, Dynamic Psychotherapy (PHD) to the general medical field. It starts from the general model of the medical triad - disease, illness, and sickness- and, in the horizon of Ortega's anthropology, five nuclear metaphors are proposed: greed of the body, anguish of circumstance, personal tear, personal knots, and personal expropriation. These are related to the neurobiological mechanisms of central sensitization, allostasis, and alteration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. A personal recovery process based on therapeutic concord is proposed. The analysis of chronic pain and other complex health problems can benefit from philosophical methodologies such as clinical hermeneutics. PubDate: 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.17533/udea.ef.355349
Authors:Róbson Ramos-dos-Reis Abstract: Neonatal suffering has been the focus of recent debate in pediatric bioethics and suffering theory. How to access and conceptualize the suffering that can be attributed to newborns' How to discern the suffering of newborns who, due to being non-neurotypical, may have a short life and severe neurocognitive disabilities, in addition to being entirely dependent on people or life-sustaining technologies' Phenomenology has provided valuable tools for analysing human experiences of suffering, but its application to the neonatal suffering experience is not without fundamental challenges. In this article, I will consider recent contributions to elucidating the phenomenon of neonatal suffering, especially those in the field of non-experiential theories of suffering. Based on this review, a recent phenomenological approach to suffering will be examined. Explicitly directed toward narrative persons, this approach appears to be inherently limited in elucidating the phenomenon of neonatal pediatric suffering. Nevertheless, a suggestion will be offered to partially elaborate the theoretical foundations of a phenomenological theory of neonatal suffering. This suggestion points to the program of a phenomenology of the existential feelings of newborns. PubDate: 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.17533/udea.ef.355671
Authors:Luis Fernando Cardona-Suárez Abstract: This article analyzes self-disconnection as a phenomenological characterization of a destructive disease such as Alzheimer’s. We want to show that, in the most extreme cases of its development, the patient sinks into emotional disengagement because of the destructive plasticity that affects them. This isolation implies an emotional challenge for family members who observe that their loved one becomes disconnected and that they cannot do anything to prevent it. However, family members seek to assist their loved one in their marginalization. The scope of this accompaniment reveals the human experience of consolation as an intersubjective response to this disconnection. The analysis of this disconnection reveals, in a paradoxical way, the human need to put distance in the face of extreme suffering, and at the same time shows its limit. The anthropological analysis of the devices of actio per distans can offer transcendental support to the ethics of tenderness in the face of the experience of illness. PubDate: 2024-04-06 DOI: 10.17533/udea.ef.355588
Authors:Saulius Geniusas Pages: 13 - 34 Abstract: This article explores the notion of pain in relation to its temporal experience. The assumption that pain is something experienced exclusively consciously in the present is challenged. To carry out this enterprise, we start from the notion of Husserlian sedimentation in order to be able to account for the relationship between the temporal structure of consciousness and pain. Exploration of sedimented, implicit experiences is first analyzed phenomenologically, drawing mainly on Husserlian C Manuscripts. It is then applied to different medical cases, which highlights the paradoxical force of the past in the experience of pain. In another sense, it is argued that anticipation of the future can also be a painful experience. The appreciation of these aporetic situations in the experience of pain, analyzed along with two types of consciousness, explicit and implicit, raises the question of whether it is possible to experience “unnoticed pain”, purely implicit, in the present. The phenomenon is explained based on the distinction between original sedimentations and secondary sedimentations that Merleau-Ponty makes; these first ones, apparently contradictory, can nevertheless be interpreted as consciousness in its modality of inattention. As well as thematic or co-attended experiences, these also belong to the arc of intentionality. The idea of unnoticed pain makes the claim that pain is something experienced exclusively consciously in the present even more complex. PubDate: 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.17533/udea.ef.355952
Authors:Mariana Cordoba, Fiorela Alassia, Gonzalo Pérez-Marc Pages: 35 - 59 Abstract: In this paper, it is our purpose to argue for a processual conception of ill-person- identity. To do so, we will review some of the main answers that philosophy has given to the question of personal identity. We will review certain proposals on how to conceive illness and ill-person-identity, as well. Within the frame of a processual approach to ontology, we will focus on a non-dualistic processual-relational interpretation of biological organisms. PubDate: 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.17533/udea.ef.355799
Authors:Xavier Escribano Pages: 60 - 76 Abstract: This article aims to show how the development of aphenomenology ofthe lived bodyis of special interest for a philosophical elucidation of the illness thattakes charge of the patient’s perspective in its specific theoretical relevance. Startingfrom a critique of the Cartesian paradigm of the body-machine and the consequentde-emphasisof the personal experience of the disease, it will be shown how the phenomenological perspective allows us to account for the constituent elements ofthe illness experienced in the first person, such as alteration or disintegration of the link I-body-world-others. Finally, the question of the physical, emotional and cognitive response to the disease and how phenomenological reflections on the disease convergein a reflection on identity, vulnerability, and recognition will be addressed. PubDate: 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.17533/udea.ef.355095
Authors:Diego Meza Pages: 77 - 99 Abstract: This article delves into the significance and role of metaphors in shaping knowledge, perceptions, and decisions within the healthcare domain. Through a critical analysis of their impact, particularly in the dynamics between healthcare professionals and patients, three dimensions are proposed for unraveling their significance: the political dimension views metaphors as agents of power and tools for legitimizing inequalities; the cultural dimension sees them as cultural residues challenging prevailing biomedical knowledge; and the ethical dimension raises questions about the moral implications of the constructed narratives. This holistic approach aims to enhance our understanding of the intricate interplay between language, cognition, and the experience of illness, ultimately advocating for more comprehensive approaches in healthcare PubDate: 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.17533/udea.ef.355494
Authors:Leonor Irarrázaval Pages: 100 - 114 Abstract: A critical commentary on the article “The Epistemic Harms of Empathy in Phenomenological Psychopathology” by Lucienne Spencer and Matthew Broome (2023) is presented. The authors committed the “fallacy of ambiguous or vague definition” by incorrectly interpreting Karl Jaspers’ conceptualizations, resulting in difficulties following logical arguments and arriving at reasonable conclusions. To overcome this fallacy, the commentary provides conceptual clarifications regarding Jaspers’ empathic understanding (einfühlendes Verstehen), conceived as the foundational concept of his project to develop a phenomenologically oriented psychopathology. Jaspers initially introduced this concept in the article “Die phänomenologische Forschungsrichtung in der Psychopathologie” [The Phenomenological Research Direction in Psychopathology], published in 1912, and extended in his magnum opus “Allgemeine Psychopathologie” [General Psychopathology], published in 1913. PubDate: 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.17533/udea.ef.355491
Authors:Maria Clara Garavito Pages: 115 - 136 Abstract: Patients with somatoparaphrenia articulate a disavowal of ownership over a extremity. In philosophy, somatoparaphrenia serves as a focal point for discussions concerning the intricacies of self-awareness, specifically the sense of ownership inherent in all mental experiences. Additionally, this disorder prompts reflections on bodily self-awareness, namely, the perception of a body part as an integral component of bodily spatiality. I extend beyond conventional discussions, positing that somatoparaphrenia introduces an anomalous intercorporeal dimension. Diverging from other pathologies associated with bodily spatiality, in somatoparaphrenia the subject establishes a sense of otherness beyond the confines of their organic body: the alien extremity becomes ascribed to another. The exposition is done in two parts. First, I engage in philosophical discourse on bodily awareness, utilizing somatoparaphrenia as an illustrative example. Subsequently, I discuss the issue of otherness within the context of somatoparaphrenia, elucidating the rationale behind conceptualizing this disorder as an intercorporeal experience. PubDate: 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.17533/udea.ef.355336
Authors:Alejandro Laregina Pages: 225 - 230 Abstract: El autor presenta un ensayo inscripto en el campo de la fenomenología patológica desde un enfoque naturalizado de la fenomenología mediante diversos metodologías de investigación fenomenológica. Atendiendo a la regla de la iluminación mutua se pone en diálogo la conceptualización de la estructura de la experiencia del cáncer infantil con la investigación empírica. Se analizan los conceptos de sufrimiento existencial y experiencia transformacional involucrados en la experiencia de la enfermedad y se pone de relieve la estructura dinámica modal del proceso de la enfermedad. Se adopta un posicionamiento de pluralismo ontológico diferenciando las maneras de ser de los procesos orgánicos y los procesos existenciales. El ensayo explicita sus limitaciones y alcances, proponiedo su continuación con la investigación acerca de la dinámica de los sentimientos existenciales para dar cuenta de la estructura de los procesos modales. PubDate: 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.17533/udea.ef.355335