Authors:Sylvain Camilleri Pages: 7 - 16 Abstract: In this paper, I would like to elaborate on the part of Heidegger’s hermeneutics of facticity that is devoted to the works of Aristotle, especially his Physics. More specifically, my aim is to shed light upon an “hermeneutic” reading of this part of the hermeneutics of facticity by showing how the great Husserl scholar Rudolf Bernet, in an important monograph published in 2013, draws upon Heidegger’s reading of Aristotle in order to address issues seemingly of his own. I will discuss the questions raised by the articulation of drive (“pulsion”) and movement in Bernet’s study out of a phenomenological interpretation of Aristotle’s kinesis as developed by Heidegger in the early 1920’s and beyond. I will further lay out some new questions regarding the historical as well as systematic relationships between Heidegger’s et Bernet’s respective projects. Keywords: Aristotle, Bernet, Drive, Facticity, Hermeneutics, Movement PubDate: 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.6093/1593-7178/7433 Issue No:Vol. 35 (2020)
Authors:Giuseppe Cantillo Pages: 17 - 31 Abstract: This essay aims to define the young Heidegger’s relationship with Heinrich Rickert’s philosophy by carrying out an analysis of his 1916 published essay Die Zeitbegriff in der Geschichtwissenschaft, inspired by a confrontation with Rickert’s problem of natural and scientific knowledge and its limits, as well as with the methodological and philosophical determination of “historical science”. The essay carries out an analytical recognition of references made about Rickert within Habilitationschrift of 1916 (Die Kategorien-und Bedeutungslehre des Duns Scoto) and finally it takes cognizance of a critical comparison with transcendental philosophy of values throughout the Summer Term 1919 lectures focused on Rickert (Phänomenologie und transzendentale Weltphilosophie). Therefore, early Heidegger’a writings may be said to link up through an opening up of the philosophical perspective towards and past critical confines of the theory of knowledge and on to a radical philosophy capable of insight and affording a vision of the authentic origins of spiritual life. Keywords: Heidegger, History, Rickert, Theory of Knowledge, Values PubDate: 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.6093/1593-7178/7435 Issue No:Vol. 35 (2020)
Authors:Annalisa Caputo Pages: 32 - 44 Abstract: This paper reconstructs the origin and choice of the term Befindlichkeit, analyzing the Heideggerian course Fundamental Concepts of Aristotelian Philosophy (1924). In the first step, the importance of the question is motivated within the Heidegger path. Later, philological aspects are addressed, showing how the term Befindlichkeit is coined as a translation of three different Greek terms (diathesis, pathos, hedone) and then acquires autonomous thickness, to indicate the emotional situation of Dasein. Finally, we focus on what could be called “the pathe of authenticity”: eudaimonia (i.e. the telos) and phobos (necessary for an authentic decision): emotional tonalities that seem one of the most interesting deliveries of the Heideggerian scenario. Keywords: Aristotle, Befindlichkeit, Emotional Tonalities, Heidegger, Pathos PubDate: 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.6093/1593-7178/7436 Issue No:Vol. 35 (2020)
Authors:Giuditta Corbella Pages: 45 - 57 Abstract: The paper explores the connection between facticity and destruction by taking into account Heidegger’s theory of modalities and his understanding of “possible” and “real”. It follows the dismantling of Augustine, Aristotle and Leibniz carried out by Heidegger between 1919 and 1928. Keywords: Destruction, Heidegger, Modalities, Possible, Real PubDate: 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.6093/1593-7178/7437 Issue No:Vol. 35 (2020)
Authors:Bruno Cassara Pages: 58 - 70 Abstract: Like Husserl, the young Heidegger was preoccupied with the a-priority of phenomenology. He also incorporates hermeneutics into phenomenology, though Husserl was convinced that the a-priority of phenomenology removed all interpretation from its analyses. This paper investigates how the early Heidegger is able to make hermeneutics a general condition of understanding while maintaining, in line with Husserl, that phenomenology is an a-priori science. This paper also provides insight into key debates in the history of phenomenology. I examine two places in which Heidegger departs from Husserl’s phenomenology – the doctrine of categorial intuition and the “as-structure” of understanding – to show that a-priority and hermeneutic understanding come together, ontically, in facticity as the only possible starting point for phenomenology. Ontologically, however, a-priority and hermeneutics come together in the co-affection of Dasein as understanding and being as pre-given. This co-affection is itself dependent on Temporality as “the condition of any possible earlier”. Keywords: Apriori, Heidegger, Hermeneutics, Husserl, Idea of Science PubDate: 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.6093/1593-7178/7438 Issue No:Vol. 35 (2020)
Authors:Michael Großheim Pages: 71 - 82 Abstract: The hermeneutical turn is a methodological innovation in Heidegger’s thought. This innovation is pursued in Heidegger’s lectures from 1919 on; it reaches its peak in § 32 of “Being and Time”. The main point of the hermeneutical turn consists in a twofold critique: 1) a critique of the distanced intuition of essence (“Wesensschau”) and various kinds of objectifying attitudes prevailing in philosophy in a way not sufficiently reflected upon. It is here where hermeneutics should have its proper domain as it consists in man’s self-interpretation and in the interpretation of their situation. 2) a critique of traditional hermeneutics’ focus on texts which underexposes the point that human life itself is primordially hermeneutical. The result is an original though to date not yet sufficiently received contribution to phenomenology regarding the question of how to find the way “to the things themselves”. In this respect, Heidegger can be considered as a pioneer of “epistemological explicationism” (Hermann Schmitz). Keywords: Explication, Fore-Conception, Hermeneutics, Interpretation, Situations PubDate: 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.6093/1593-7178/7439 Issue No:Vol. 35 (2020)
Authors:Lucilla Guidi Pages: 83 - 92 Abstract: In the present contribution, I explore the notion of formal indication in Heidegger’s early Freiburg Lectures, in order to emphasize that its pivotal meaning both as a method and an expression lies in its preparing and awaking a transformation of the reader’s experience. For this purpose, I first of all draw attention to the constitutive ambivalence between the phenomenon of factical life experience and philosophy, so as to further examine the difference between formally indicative “expressions” and “order-concepts”. Finally, I analyze the notion of formal indication in the 1921-22 Lecture “Phenomenological Interpretations of Aristotle”, so as to argue that formal indication can be conceived of as a pragmatic use of language, which works through practical negations and addresses readers. From this perspective, I claim that formal indication embodies a task to be accomplished by readers, since it points to a transformation of the reader’s experience. Keywords: Factical Life Experience, Formal Indication, Heidegger, Pragmatics, Transformation PubDate: 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.6093/1593-7178/7440 Issue No:Vol. 35 (2020)
Authors:Christian Ivanoff-Sabogal Pages: 93 - 107 Abstract: Both the early hermeneutics of facticity and the mature question of being have their starting point in the investigation of everyday life. Underlining Being and Time, we discuss two dimensions of the everyday life phenomenon, namely its «content» and «modal» sense. The relationship between both of them shows up as a dynamic tendency and an internal reference. On the basis of the distinction of the two-dimensional everyday life we deal with the problem of modal indifference, which is apparently closely connected with the «content» sense of everyday life, in order to find out whether it could be a third way to execute existence besides authenticity and inauthenticity. We reject the plain correspondence between everyday life with modal indifference and inauthenticity, taking into account the thesis in Being and Time about the possibility of authentic liberating solicitude in the facticity of being together, whose analysis remains within the limits of everyday life. Keywords: Authenticity, Everyday Life, Modal Indifference, Ontology, Solicitude PubDate: 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.6093/1593-7178/7441 Issue No:Vol. 35 (2020)
Authors:Eugenio Mazzarella Pages: 108 - 124 Abstract: Heidegger has always stated that the distinctive feature of his ontology is the question of Being. But actually, the question with which Heidegger faces philosophy is by no means addressed to Being. It is addressed to “life”, i.e. to the connection, in life, of existence and history as a “living spirit”. It is this question that holds back the mature question on the being from resolving itself in a pure speculative scholasticism on Being and its history. It is this question that fecundates with the question of being the philosophically important nucleus: existential analytics; dialogue with poetry and the work of art; the great question about technique. In the thought that looks into Being in its character as an event, the theme that remains alive is that Being for us is ultimately the world we inhabit. Keywords: Being, Existence, Historicity, Life, Ontology PubDate: 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.6093/1593-7178/7442 Issue No:Vol. 35 (2020)
Authors:Bruno Moroncini Pages: 125 - 142 Abstract: During the 1920s, in the wake of Franz Brentano, Heidegger reinterpreted the Aristotelian categories as “categories of life”, using on the one hand the phenomenological method and on the other the contributions of the Philosophy of Life from Dilthey to Simmel. The result is a series of Vorlesungen in which Heidegger attempts both a direct reading of Aristotle’s texts, whose thesis of man as an animal with language, “life that speaks”, and a personal elaboration of the categories of life among which those of “poverty” and “ruin” stand out. The study of this Heideggerian production allows us to reconstruct the preparatory phases that culminated in the publication in 1927 of Sein und Zeit. Keywords: Aristotle, Category, Concept, Destruction, Life PubDate: 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.6093/1593-7178/7443 Issue No:Vol. 35 (2020)
Authors:Harald Seubert Pages: 143 - 157 Abstract: This essay reconstructs the inner consistency and posthumously reconstructable and manageable systematicity of Heidegger’s independent phenomenological beginnings immediately after World War I. Heidegger shares with Husserl the understanding of phenomenology as a primordial science, he specifies this from the logical orientation on the “question of objectivity” and in the “formal display”, which goes back to nominalism. Against this philosophical background Heidegger contradicts the reduction of philosophy on the one hand to scientism and historicism, and on the other hand to worldview. The primary-scientific-philosophical claim rather remains valid, where in first attempts the categories of existence are outlined in a phenomenology of the living world reference of existence, where the counterpoint of “ruin” and “ethos” is sketched as an interpretation of residence, and where ideological and religious approaches to the world are examined phenomenologically. It is the thesis of the treatise that Heidegger thereby already sets the impulse that goes beyond the ‘fundamental ontology’ in Being and Time and aims at a “metaphysics of metaphysics” in the Kantian sense. Keywords: Existence, Heidegger, Husserl, Metaphysics, Phenomenology PubDate: 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.6093/1593-7178/7444 Issue No:Vol. 35 (2020)
Authors:Sophie-Jan Arrien Pages: 159 - 171 Abstract: The aim of this article is to show how the young Heidegger, in his summer course of 1921, discovers in Augustine, while interpreting Book X of the Confessions, a proto-phenomenologist and hermeneuticist of the factical life (or facticity). We will show that Augustine’s description of Christian religious life offers Heidegger concrete material for the elaboration of his own indicative-formal interpretation of existence, itself subordinated to a strict “methodological atheism”. Keywords: Angst, Augustine, Authenticity, Existentials, Formal Indication PubDate: 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.6093/1593-7178/7445 Issue No:Vol. 35 (2020)
Authors:Pio Colonnello Pages: 172 - 179 Abstract: In the Vorlesung Einleitung in die Phänomenologie der Religion of 1920/21, Heidegger, following some Pauline suggestions deriving from the Letters to the Corinthians and Thessalonians, resorts to a conception of time as a “setback”, that is, as a countermovement that dissolves the “vulgar conception of time”, thereby revealing itself as a “time in reverse”. This time has to be understood as the Kairós, from which all moments of life acquire meaning. The presence of the proto-Christian experience and the Letters of St. Paul is thus crucial not only for a general understanding of the speculative horizon in which Heidegger’s hermeneutics is placed, but also for the very position of the question about the historicity of existence and the irruption of Kairological time into actual life. This perspective allows room for a redefinition of the meaning of being, which can no longer be taken as “mere presence”, nor as “ousiai”, but should rather be understood as “Parousia”. Keywords: Eigentlichkeit, Factice Life, Kairós, Parousia PubDate: 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.6093/1593-7178/7446 Issue No:Vol. 35 (2020)
Authors:Costantino Esposito Pages: 180 - 197 Abstract: One of the themes of Heidegger’s works where Augustine’s presence can be caught is the problem of the World, or more precisely the world as an ontological dimension of human being. This contribution aims at reading again some extracts from Augustine’s writings (especially The Confessions) through Heidegger’s eyes, in order to point out the direct or indirect influence exerted by the Augustinian descriptions of men as mundi habitatores (those who inhabit the world) and dilectores mundi (those who love the world) upon Heidegger’s notion of Dasein as Being-in-the-World. The works that this essay will deal with, about this theme, are Heidegger’s first Freiburg courses of Twenties, the Natorp-Bericht and, of course, Sein und Zeit and Vom Wesen des Grundes. Nevertheless, the second part of this essay tries an opposite intervention, that is to read some moments of Heidegger’s existential analytics through Augustine’s eyes, by a direct analogy between the dynamics of temtatio (the trial which life is always submitted to), the defluxus in multa (the dispersion of I parting from You until vanishing into the world) and the facticity of existence, the thrownness and the dread of Dasein. If, on the one hand, it is true that in some times of his itinerary Heidegger had found himself, and even mirrored, in Augustine, on the other hand it is true that afterwards he had to get away from him, so as not to get to the point from which Augustine’s thought found all its origin and rootedness. Keywords: Augustine, Being-in-the-World, Facticity, Heidegger, Thrownness PubDate: 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.6093/1593-7178/7447 Issue No:Vol. 35 (2020)
Authors:Juan José Garrido Periñán Pages: 198 - 212 Abstract: It is a burdensome and complex task the attempt to determine what is Philosophy for the young Heidegger. This task is also ambiguous in that it is considered unresolved and intricate due to its subsidiary link to factical life. On one hand, the purpose of this work lies in clarifying the hermeneutic situation of such ambiguity pertaining to the constitution of philosophy itself; on other hand it would come to providing a proactive horizon where philosophizing appears combined with an essential task explained as a vocation that wants to transform human life. Keywords: Authenticity, Existence, Heidegger, Philosophy, Transformation PubDate: 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.6093/1593-7178/7448 Issue No:Vol. 35 (2020)
Authors:Francesco Mora Pages: 213 - 226 Abstract: In Ws 1920/21 Heidegger examines the experience of factical life within the Letters of Saint Paul to the Galatians and Thessalonians. The present essay tries to clarify the meaning of factical life and facticity in the early Christian communities. At the same time, it analyses Heidegger’s relationship with contemporary Christian-Protestant thought, and emphasizes the importance that must be attributed to religion. These problems are at the basis of the hermeneutics of facticity and can fit differently within the existentials of Being and time. Keywords: Critique of Historicism, Factical Life, Parousia, Phenomenology of Religion, Theoretic Knowledge PubDate: 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.6093/1593-7178/7449 Issue No:Vol. 35 (2020)
Authors:Massimo Marassi Pages: 227 - 233 Abstract: In the first courses held at the University of Fribourg, Heidegger turns his attention to many themes and authors. Particular interest is devoted to the search for a suitable method to analyze the structure of lived experience and to develop an original pre-theoretical science. This phenomenological path culminates in an understanding of facticity that is configured as a hermeneutic of modality. Keywords: Facticity, Formal Indication, Hermeneutics, Method, Modality PubDate: 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.6093/1593-7178/7450 Issue No:Vol. 35 (2020)
Authors:Valentina Surace Pages: 234 - 247 Abstract: Heidegger’s ontology of life, which was developed during the courses of the Twenties about Paul, Augustine and Aristotle, is influenced by Lutheran methodology and anthropology. Luther’s destructio of Scholastic theology (theologia gloriae), which discovers the Invisible through the visible, is the antecedent of Heidegger’s deconstruction of classical ontology (ontologia gloriae), which immobilizes life. Their aims are to experience an incarnate and mortal God (theologia crucis) and to understand concrete life, which is inhabited by death (ontologia crucis). Luther deconstructs the old man, who is “the image and glory of God” (homo gloriens) and is oblivious to his finished condition (homo crucis) and Heidegger dismantles the metaphysical concepts of man as a rational living being (animal rationale) and the being on which everything is founded (subjectum). Heidegger leaves the naturalistic, substantive and egological conception of human life and shows that it is historical and at the world and its own character is the potentiality of being. Keywords: Deconstruction, Facticity, Heidegger, Luther, Ontology PubDate: 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.6093/1593-7178/7451 Issue No:Vol. 35 (2020)
Authors:Stefano Besoli Pages: 249 - 279 Abstract: This essay examines some theoretical events related to the history of the so-called phenomenological movement, starting with the realistic phenomenology of the object, put forward – as opposed to the alleged idealistic turn of Husserl – by the scholars belonging to the first phenomenological circles of München and Göttingen. The main part of the essay, however, meant to reconstruct the features of Heidegger’s fundamental ontology in relation to the authentic Husserlian transcendental phenomenology, in order to show the meaning of the most important philosophical dispute that arose in the Twentieth century. The essay tries to show that Heidegger’s existential analytic does not assume the traits of ontologism or of an en philosophe anthropology, but remains closely connected to a transcendental level, pursuing however – also through the reference to ontological transcendence – an idealistic-metaphysical ideal far more pronounced than the one found in Husserl’s thought. Keywords: Constitution, Fundamental Ontology, Intentionality, Reduction, Transcendental Phenomenology PubDate: 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.6093/1593-7178/7452 Issue No:Vol. 35 (2020)
Authors:Thomas Sheehan Pages: 280 - 291 Abstract: Thesis: The tacit presupposition underlying all of Heidegger’s work, both early (regarding Dasein) and late (regarding Ereignis), was his retrieval of the unsaid in Aristotelian κίνησις. As the prologue to a work-in-progress, this essay discusses how Heidegger’s approach to phenomenology laid the groundwork for his rereading of κίνησις. Heidegger argued that Aristotle (1) understood κίνησις ontologically as a form of being and (2) worked within an implicit proto-phenomenological reduction of being (οὐσία) to intelligibility (παρουσία). Heidegger, in turn, interpreted παρουσία in terms of ἀλήθεια on three distinct but interrelated levels. This prologue prepares the way for a discussion of Heidegger’s readings of Physica III 1-3 and Metaphysica IX and their impact on the topics of Dasein and Ereignis. Keywords: Aristotle, Heidegger, kinesis, Movement, Phenomenology PubDate: 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.6093/1593-7178/7453 Issue No:Vol. 35 (2020)
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