Authors:Sergio Sánchez Díaz Abstract: Marketing has evolved since the 1960s from a product perspective to a consumer perspective, with companies now using marketing to be more sociable, credible, and trustworthy. The academic study and application of ethics in marketing processes has been the subject of study since the very beginnings of marketing itself. But most theories of ethics in marketing have focused on large companies or business corporations. Small companies have mostly tried to adopt the marketing processes and actions of large companies, and this has made it impossible for them to apply their own ethical processes in the marketing of their companies. And even more so when these processes are characterised by the search for the common good, social marketing, environmental or corporate social responsibility. If we add to this the fact that communication between large companies and their customers is largely digital. Small companies do not seek ethical processes in their digital communication, but rather copy the big companies. In this sense, it is crucial to propose an answer to how we can generate ethical marketing in small companies and how it can generate increased sales. PubDate: 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.60940/rljaev1n15Id428071
Authors:Ikechukwu Monday Osebor Abstract: Globally, inequity is ingrained in every sector, and healthcare is no exception. The need for medical justice is not only for patients but also for medical personnel. Structural injustice is the denial of infrastructure and the avoidance of responsibilities. The underrepresentation, marginalization, inadequate working environment, poor remuneration, fatigue, overstress, and economic adversity are structural injustices. The structural injustice becomes a source of worry for the clinicians, coupled with the challenges of treating 4000 patients per doctor in Nigeria. Despite the efforts of governments to stop Japa, it has persisted. The moral implication of Japa include dreadful medical standards, withdrawal of medical services, indiscriminate deaths of patients caused by push and pull factors. The Japa syndrome may be good and healthy for economic reasons, but it has done more harm than good. Using the method of philosophical analysis, this study maintains that structural injustice is the major cause of Japa among clinicians and has provided rigid foundations for the classical management of the health sector. This study suggested the application and implementation of structural ethics to overhaul structural injustice and reduce the shortage of medical personnel in Nigeria. PubDate: 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.60940/rljaev1n15Id428072
Authors:Anna Blanché Abstract: In this paper we have aimed to approach one of the most important intellectual figures in Spanish culture in the second half of the 20th century: the doctor, medical historian and promoter of the so-called Medical Anthropology, Pedro Laín Entralgo (1908-2001). Addressing him from a new perspective, that is, by relating him to the context of Spanish medical ethics and bioethics, we wanted to show how part of Laín’s theories influenced some of the most important authors in those academic fields, taking his disciple Diego Gracia as a paradigm. It is a mistake to consider Laín Entralgo as a bioethicist because, when this discipline was constituted as such in the seventies, the central topics of Laín's thought had already been developed and his intellectual itinerary was already defined. However, his thoughts on medicine, the clinical practice or the doctor-patient relationship, among other subjects, have served as a theoretical basis for many later thinkers. Thus, from Laín's insights, those who were his disciples have been able to ground their philosophical systems by building a bioethical perspective that includes the application of the Medical Anthropology Laín proposed. Therefore, we believe it is legitimate to conclude that, although Laín Entralgo was not a bioethicist, he deserves to be recognised as an intellectual predecessor whose ideas nourished considerations on bioethics and medical ethics, since he influenced some of the authors acknowledged as authorities in such fields. PubDate: 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.60940/rljaev1n15Id428073
Authors:Andrew Pavelich Abstract: In the United States, about 40% of classes in colleges and universities are taught by adjunct faculty. In recent years, adjuncts and their advocates have argued that such faculty are treated immorally by their employers: working long hours for comparatively little pay, with no benefits or job security, and with little respect within the university. The description of adjunct working conditions is generally accepted as accurate, but there is debate about whether institutional treatment of adjuncts amounts to injustice. There three main reasons why universities – and many full-time faculty – argue that such conditions are morally allowable: first, that adjuncts choose their work in a free and open labor market with many non-academic options; second, that remedying the situation would require tremendous amounts of money, and raising it would unjustly burden students; and third, that changing the status quo would not necessarily help all current adjuncts. I argue that the treatment of adjuncts is unjust by taking these three defenses of the status quo in turn. I first focus on the ethics of sweatshops, which helps to show that a freely chosen job can still be exploitive and unjust, and leads to the idea that the morally required solution is to convert adjunct-taught faculty into Full-time Lecturer positions. I then argue that much of the problem could be solved with a 10% increase in tuition (or other revenue), which is an acceptable price to pay to create a more just environment. Third, I argue that even if there are short-term disruptions, protecting the marginal utility of some workers is not justification for maintaining an unjust economic system. I conclude by noting that many universities say that social justice is a central part of their missions, which makes their continuation of an unjust two-tiered system of faculty employment particularly problematic. PubDate: 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.60940/rljaev1n15Id428074
Authors:Rui Caldeira, Alfonso Infante Moro, Miguel Varela Abstract: Companies increasingly interact with stakeholders through multiple relationships, based on the Code of ethics (CE). CE and standards of professional conduct are important management instruments whose main objective to transform social power and morality. Being that the use of the codes of ethics maintain the novel awareness about ethics and serve as full guidance to the desirable standards. Today, all areas of professionalization and beyond require ethical standards that are necessary to guide the major impacts of the results of individuals' practice on the community and environment. The main objective of this article is to identify which are the influential factors of business Codes of ethics. As for the methodology we used a quantitative methodology was used in the application of a semi-structured questionnaire to a sample of 515 answers where 49.9% of the answers belonged to people working in large companies, considering large companies those with more than 250 people, 30.1% to medium-sized companies, 11.7% to small companies between 10 and 49 employees and 8.7% from micro-companies with less than 9 employees. The results of the study determined that in companies where employees have access to the corporate ethics initiatives, they exert a positive influence on the ethical behavior of the organization. PubDate: 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.60940/rljaev1n15Id428075
Authors:Michael Kuseni, Uwe P. Hermann, Portia Pearl Siyanda Sifolo Abstract: Visitors to natural heritage sites are increasingly being encouraged to behave in a more ethical way to reduce negative impacts of tourism on the host community and the environment. As such, several ways of encouraging visitors to behave ethically have been proposed in literature. Despite literature suggesting a wide range of ways of encouraging ethical behaviour in different tourism settings, relatively few studies have probed the significance of aspects of ethical tourism (ET) on ethical visitor behaviour (EVB). This paper proposes ET aspects outlined by Speed (2008) in the ET model as determinants of EVB. Based on a quantitative survey of 323 respondents who visited iSimangaliso Wetland Park (IWP) during the period the study was conducted, eleven aspects of ET were empirically confirmed and validated. Research results reveal that the ET aspects and their related guidelines inspire visitors to behave appropriately. Improved insight into the respondents’ perceptions of ET aspects as determining factors of EVB may equip site managers with strategies of mitigating visitors’ deviant behaviour. PubDate: 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.60940/rljaev1n15Id428066
Authors:Fernando Arancibia-Collao Abstract: In this article, I reflect on the moral goods involved in the parental relationship. In particular, I am interested in explaining the specific nature of the moral goods involved in the parental relationship. To do so, it is necessary, first of all, to make a distinction between the stages of development of the person. I argue that an explanation of the moral goods of this relationship must distinguish between the developmental stages of children and adults, proposing an explanation based on the moral goods proper to each stage. Second, I argue that moral philosophy has always had, as its focus, the goods of adults, their moral goods are those that identify the various ethical theories. However, in the explanation of the moral goods of childhood, a particular reflection is necessary. I examine the literature on the subject and systematize the findings of the various authors, together with my own position on this point. From an ethical point of view, I am interested in reflecting on how these goods are integrated in the context of the parental relationship. In the final part of the article, I argue that 1) the goods of the parents are the goods of the children and the way in which these are promoted; 2) the core of the parental relationship is gratuitousness, in a manner similar to friendship. PubDate: 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.60940/rljaev1n15Id428070
Authors:Noah Balogun, Adeyemi Ademowo Abstract: This study examines the intersection of popular music, social movement and protest by analysing the numerous protest music produced and performed by Fela Anikulapo Kuti, Africa’s most iconic resistant artist of the twentieth century. It engages the core questions of right, injustice and inequality that have manifested in Nigeria’s underdevelopment since the Union Jack was lowered in 1960. It argues that Fela’s music did have obvious impact on Nigerian masses who attempted to revise or renegotiate their relationship with the Nigerian state. Yet, it posed hitherto unanswered questions of the changing meaning of social movement in relation to artistic production- an aspect of peace studies that scholars have completely overlooked. It concludes that as people reconfigure social relations from one stage to another in their life, their engagement with the State and the social meaning attributed to social justice, which Fela’s music emphasised, also change. Thus, popular consciousness shaped by resistant music is not immutable to nonviolent social protest. Rather, it continued to change as individuals and groups reconstitute their relationship with the society, and as their social status transformed in accordance with the acquisition of better education, wealth/resources, among other significant elements that shape human’s consciousness. PubDate: 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.60940/rljaev1n15Id424041
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