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Abstract: Edouard Machery’s article “What is Replication'” deserves particular critical attention. For if it is correct, his Resampling Account of Replication has the power to reshape the current debate on replication in psychology. Indeed, with his new proposal, philosopher Machery claims to replace the “vague characterization of replication in psychology” (Machery, 2020, p. 559) with an account that deflates one of the central debates on replication—the debate which contraposes direct and conceptual replications and asks which one is preferable. In this commentary, I argue that there are deep-rooted reasons for why the distinction is meaningful, and that the Resampling Account of Replication just offers a misleading “semantic shift.” (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 20 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1037/teo0000207
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Abstract: The purpose of this article is to explore issues bearing on the question of the ontological reality of a certain category of exceptional human experiences. After briefly discussing the problem of metaphysics in a science of spirituality, I examine the supernatural nature of the natural and explain why normal science is not prohibited from evaluating supernatural claims. I then discuss how personal experience as a type of knowledge serves a heuristic function in the testing of metaphysical hypotheses by pointing out directions in which explanatory scientific theories might be found. I propose the construct of multidimensional reality as a solution to the problem of religious pluralism and explain why a state-specific science approach is appropriate for the development of an empirically (experientially) controlled metaphysics that takes experience in various states of consciousness as its empirical starting point. I conclude by discussing the function of metaphysical hypotheses in science and psychology and why the scientific realism of naturalistic inquiry may be the best approach to a viable and authentic science of spirituality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 11 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1037/teo0000210
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Abstract: The recurring images of the abandonment of the self to love of the Divine in mystical poetry, and by extension other people, have implications for understanding the historical precedent of the modern ontology of the self in liberation psychology (LP). Starting from roots in liberation theology, LP theorizes an ontology of the self that centers selfless giving and self-sacrifice out of love for others. The ecstatic poetry of St. John of the Cross in Christianity and Hafiz’s poetry in Islam both contain recurring and powerful images of the typology of the lover of the Divine as the highest and noblest possibility for human beings. Love of self and others is a natural outflowing of the relationship to the Divine. Mystical poetry supports the idea that love can break down separations between self, others, and God, not a naive and romantic fantasy of the possibilities of human beings, but a primordial typology of the essence of the good human life, and holds promise as a healing modality in mental health settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 14 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1037/teo0000203
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Abstract: Philosophers such as Harman and Dorris use the Milgram experiments to show how tiny, seemingly inconsequential, situational variables have a surprising, but dramatic effect on behavior. In this article, I discuss variation 24 of the Milgram experiments, the relationship condition (RC). This variation, which involved family members or friends taking on both the roles of Teacher and Learner, has surprising results as, overwhelmingly, participants refused to obey authority. I argue that the experiments were well-orchestrated studies in obedience under pressure, but that, friends were able to resist even such a forceful influence to obey authority. I present an Aristotelian account of friendship as a character trait, discuss how character traits interact with situations, relate these theoretical accounts to the findings of the RC condition and conclude that friendship is a dispositional trait, one which ensures that friends behave in a predictable manner even under conditions of strain. This conclusion is predicted by philosophical accounts of friendship and supported by the empirical evidence of the RC condition—a variation of the Milgram experiment that is little discussed among psychologists and virtually unknown among philosophers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 07 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1037/teo0000200
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