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Abstract: Guo Xiang's 郭象 (252–312) commentary on the Zhuangzi 莊子 is often understood along lines laid out in Tang Yongtong's 湯用彤 (1893–1964) seminal studies of Wei-Jin era "Xuanxue" 玄學 ("study of the obscure").1 According to Tang, the defining characteristic of Wei-Jin Xuanxue as a whole was that "it left behind the cosmology or cosmogony of the Han dynasty and devoted its attention to ontology or theory of being" (Tang Yongtong [1957] 2001, p. 44).2 Within this framework, Tang sees Guo Xiang as offering an ontological vision that departs pointedly from previous Xuanxue thinkers:[Guo Xiang's] metaphysical theory takes as its core "lone-transformation." … "Lone-transformation" means that everything is self-so, and there is ... Read More PubDate: 2024-04-30T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Iris Murdoch, across her philosophical work, develops a view according to which "love is a central concept in morals" ([1970] 2014, p. 2). An important part of this view is her concept of attending to others in a manner that is just and loving. Murdoch does not think that learning to attend to others in this way is natural or easy for most of us. Instead, she thinks that in a good life we work continuously to use this variety of attention, as well as to strengthen our capacity for engaging in it (ibid.). I discuss her concept of attention in more detail in section 1.In Metaphysics as a Guide to Morals, Murdoch engages with Zen Buddhism during her discussion of how we can strengthen our capacity for just and loving ... Read More PubDate: 2024-04-30T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Over the past century, excavations of pre-Qin and Han tombs around China have brought to light manuscripts concealed by the earth for over two millennia. One of the most profound revelations from excavated manuscripts is the importance and variety of early cosmogonic and cosmological speculation and their assumed connection to human conduct. Whereas the early Confucian tradition seeks moral virtue in the conduct of past sagekings and sees the epitome of social order in the profound system of rites (li 禮) (see, e.g., Tu 1968, Fingarette 1972, Ames 2002, Puett 2010), the ancient Daoist traditions perceive rules of nature as necessary and sufficient and thereby look at the natural world for ethical guidance (Ames and ... Read More PubDate: 2024-04-30T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Depictions of China by European thinkers between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries had long been interpreted in terms of a tendency to shift from "sinophilia" to "sinophobia."1 The vast majority of nineteenth-century European thinkers reflecting on China have thus been interpreted within the same conceptual framework, even if the diversity of their motivations gradually came to the fore, for example in Gregory Blue's overview (1999).2 Recently, various approaches have been taken toward revisiting the sinophilia-sinophobia dichotomy. Ho-fung Hung (2003) built on Bergesen's theory when explaining a cyclical movement in Western Orientalism taking shape in the lineages of "Jansenists/Sinophobes/evolutionists" ... Read More PubDate: 2024-04-30T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: All diurnal organisms are stirred to action by light, but as entomologists have long known, for nocturnal insects the pull of its radiance can also spell doom. The image of a moth drawn to flame is suggestive of the sort of self-destructive behavior that poets have long used to maximum rhetorical effect: "Thus had the candle singed the moth" proclaims Portia in the Merchant of Venice, pitying the fate that befell Arragon. The deceptive lure of artificial lights, however, is no longer mere fodder for the poetic imagination. Ecologists are warning us that species accustomed to navigating by moon or starlight, from beetles to seals and sea turtles, are getting confused, or worse.1 And medical science is beginning to ... Read More PubDate: 2024-04-30T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Technologies are not mere tools waiting to be picked up and used by human agents, but rather are material-discursive practices that play a role in shaping and co-constituting the world in which we live.Susan Schneider's book Artificial You: AI and the Future of Your Mind presents a compelling and bold argument regarding the potential impact of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) on our society and personal identity. Schneider's argument emphasizes how AI may fundamentally alter our sense of self and disrupt traditional notions of identity and consciousness, motivating further significant cognitive science and ethical implications that require careful consideration.The recent surge in AI hype has given rise to a ... Read More PubDate: 2024-04-30T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Viewed from within the great unity of consciousness, thinking is a wave on the surface of a great intuition.Recent developments in AI have made the long-standing debate about what computers can and can't do a major public concern. What we understand the properties of such machines to be, and consequently how we design and deploy them, will increasingly shape how we live and how we understand ourselves. Thus, there is an urgent need for better understanding of these issues.Susan Schneider, in her book Artificial You: AI and the Future of Your Mind, offers an exceptionally careful and insightful examination of key issues entailed in how we understand AI and ourselves. One of her central concerns is how we might test ... Read More PubDate: 2024-04-30T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: The aim of this article is to introduce new thoughts on some pressing topics relating to my book, Artificial You, ranging from the fundamental nature of reality to quantum theory and emergence in large language models (LLM) like GPT-4. Since Artificial You was published, the innovations in the domain of AI chatbots like GPT-4 have been rapid-fire, and at times dizzying. The thoughtful discussion in this symposium offers an important opportunity for cross-cultural engagement on these issues and more. I am grateful for the opportunity to learn from the insights of these authors and editors.The order of my comments will be as follows: in the context of considering Christian Coseru's intriguing response (section 1), I ... Read More PubDate: 2024-04-30T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: My central concern in this essay is how to think about the relation between genealogy and tradition in Arvind Mandair's Sikh Philosophy: Exploring Gurmat Concepts in a Decolonizing World (London: Bloomsbury, 2022). I begin with a brief discussion of a lecture titled "A Genealogy of Liberty" delivered by Quentin Skinner at the University of California, Berkeley in 2008, which he would give again, with minor changes, in 2015 at the University of Chicago and in 2017 at Stanford University. At the outset of the lecture, joining forces with Nietzsche's Genealogy of Morals, he says, "Here I am a Nietzschean, and it is reflected in my title"—contending that "concepts [like liberty] that have histories cannot have ... Read More PubDate: 2024-04-30T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Some recent publications on Indian philosophy argue that the colonial narrative about the philosophical traditions from the subcontinent was erroneous. It wrongly suggested that the erstwhile Brahmanic thought embodied by the darśanas was an exhaustive representation of philosophical activity on the subcontinent and that this activity came to a grinding halt with the onset of European modernity. In an attempt at rectifying this story, one path proposed by philosopher Vrinda Dalmiya (Dalmiya 2016, p. 125) is to cognize and fix the "epistemophilic excesses" in the field, that is, the obsessive compulsion in conventional academic philosophy to engage in theory for theory's sake. In the study of Indian philosophy, this ... Read More PubDate: 2024-04-30T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: I do not use this adjective lightly, but in his brilliant volume Sikh Philosophy: Exploring Gurmat Concepts in a Decolonizing World (Bloomsbury, 2022) Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair goes a considerable distance toward liberating sikhī—known more widely in the academic world as Sikhism—from the conceptual constraints that have kept it from engaging with and informing global issues. In so doing, he does a service not only to the Sikh community and to sikhī itself, but to the world, for there is indeed much in Sikh thought from which the wider human community can benefit. By liberating sikhī from the constraining concept of religion, Mandair facilitates a process by which persons of any background can engage with gurmat ... Read More PubDate: 2024-04-30T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Let me begin this response by thanking the editors of Philosophy East and West for generously allowing space for this review forum on my recent book, Sikh Philosophy: Exploring Gurmat Concepts in a Decolonizing World (Bloomsbury, 2022), and thanking the reviewers Monika-Kirloskar Steinbach, Ananda Abeysekara, and Jeffery Long for their careful readings of this work. "Sikh Philosophy" names the modern academic discourse that crystallized in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as a result of the encounter between modern Western philosophy and gurmat, a mode of thought-praxis deriving from and associated with Sikhi (lit. "the path of learning"), a spiritual-philosophical tradition hailing from India ... Read More PubDate: 2024-04-30T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: The editors Steven Burik, Robert Smid and Ralph Weber, who have all made important revisions to the theory of comparative philosophical method, have pulled together the contributions of ten other influential scholars in the field and their own work into this much-needed collection of essays. There has been much written about the methodology of comparative philosophy in the last hundred years. More recent reflections in this field have been strongly fueled by post-colonial evaluations as well as a proliferation of methodological approaches. Nonetheless, some consensus on what methods the field should adopt and to what ends still needs overt discussion. The editors argue in an Introduction and Epilogue to the volume ... Read More PubDate: 2024-04-30T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: In A Leaky Boat Holding Wine: A Study of the Word-Meaning Debate in Wei-Jin Six Dynasties Period Thought (hereafter A Leaky Boat Holding Wine), Jing Yuan offers a careful review and critical evaluation of one of the major philosophical topics in the Wei-Jin period, namely, the word-meaning (Yanyi 言意) debate. In several previous publications, Yuan has addressed the word-meaning controversy from different angles and in various classics, including Prajnaparamita and The Analects.The word-meaning debate, as Yuan explains, can be interpreted as a conflict between cognition and expression, and reveals a series of contradictions and conflicts in ontology, epistemology, and philosophy of life among scholars in the Wei-Jin ... Read More PubDate: 2024-04-30T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Dao Companion to the Philosophy of the Zhuangzi, edited by Kim-chong Chong, is the sixteenth volume in the Dao Companions to Chinese Philosophy series. This volume includes a total of 34 chapters and is divided into six parts: " Authors hip and Commentary" (Part I), "Concepts" (Part II), "Language and Metaphor" (Part III), "Zhuangzi in the Context of Chinese Philosophy" (Part IV), "Ethical, Social, and Epistemic Issues" (Part V), and "The Zhuangzi and Western Philosophy" (Part VI). These six parts not only provide students or non-specialists with a clear overview of the various possible aspects and approaches to Zhuangzi studies, but also present the latest discussions and diverse perspectives on crucial issues in ... Read More PubDate: 2024-04-30T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Philosophy in the United States continues to be among the least diverse disciplines in the humanities, dominated statistically by white males, with the next largest group being white female philosophers.1 This lack of diversity affects how we define philosophy and who counts as a philosopher. As the editors of The Philosophies of America Reader, Kim Díaz and Mathew A. Foust, put it, "Just as history has fashioned and popularized distorted accounts of the 'discovery' of America, it has done the same in its presentation of American Philosophy" (p. xv). This exemplary collection of essays from across the Americas allows the readers and instructors to reimagine what we construe as philosophy and who we imagine an ... Read More PubDate: 2024-04-30T00:00:00-05:00
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