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Abstract: This issue of the Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal offers three articles that encourage readers to think in different ways about how we use and share medical facts and information. Communication and information-sharing in medicine are never value-neutral processes, and there is never an objective answer to what information should be shared or how. What information we have access to, what information we take as relevant, and how we share that information are always vexed issues. This is because medical information is inherently socially charged, value-laden, and uncertain, and sharing it is bound up with norms of privacy, principles of relevance and empirical reasoning, and the complexities of health ... Read More PubDate: 2024-07-04T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: In the philosophy of medicine, we tend to criticize interventions that do not treat diseases, but rather, target problems that are seen as primarily social. Examples of this include discussions of hormone replacement therapy (e.g., Bueter 2015) and flibanserin (e.g., Bueter and Jukola 2020). In these cases, medical treatment is often characterized as inappropriate medicalization and disease mongering. Interestingly, however, there are some medical interventions that do not treat narrowly understood health problems, do not claim to do so, and yet, are considered a normal part of medical practice in many parts of the world. There is no doubt, in the philosophy of medicine, that these interventions exist. However ... Read More PubDate: 2024-07-04T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Norms for clinical trial reporting generate continuing controversy. What outcomes should be measured' Should they be reported in absolute or relative terms' What scales should be used' What thresholds should be met to infer efficacy'1 Less attention, however, is paid to norms governing how quantitative results are translated into qualitative language.Consider one recent example. A trial in Bangladesh reported that masks reduced COVID-19 infections in villages randomized to mask-wearing (Abaluck et al. 2022). Masks decreased the risk of catching COVID-19 by around 10%; however, the absolute decrease was minuscule—a difference of just twenty cases in a population larger than Pittsburgh.2 Despite this small effect ... Read More PubDate: 2024-07-04T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: With the introduction of new technologies by big tech companies, the way medicine has traditionally operated is being disrupted and we are now observing more blurred boundaries that sideline traditional doctor–patient relationship as an essential aspect of healthcare (Sharon 2016). Examples of this are healthcare apps, direct-to-consumer genetic testing, and certain types of medical machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI). These technologies increasingly rely on big data and data sharing. Some scholars have introduced new concerns about growing demands for data sharing that seem to be incompatible with existing privacy, data protection, and confidentiality legislation (Bak et al. 2023; Vedder and Spajić ... Read More PubDate: 2024-07-04T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Hallie Liberto's Green Light Ethics offers a framework for conceptualizing permissive consent. The book is a philosopher's work of philosophy. Although it touches on non-ideal social realities, especially sexism, it is most centrally a contribution to a quite abstract literature in normative ethics, following in the tradition of scholars like David Owens, Heidi Hurd, Alan Wertheimer, and Tom Dougherty—it may have a few too many Φs and abstractions to be accessible to and comfortable for many people outside the analytic philosophical tradition. The central approach to permission and consent is general—not specific to sexual consent—although some discussions are specific to sex.I have always appreciated and learned ... Read More PubDate: 2024-07-04T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: In the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, the mundane activity of eating with or near others became physically hazardous and normatively fraught. Nourishing oneself outside one's home could raise serious risks to one's health and wellbeing, and was suddenly subject to new policies and prohibitions aimed at minimizing harm and liability. The decision to eat out demanded personal calculations of risk and benefit, as well as interpersonal negotiation, sometimes prompting contentious conversations about the realities of disease transmission and our moral responsibilities. For many people, coming to think about eating outside the home as a pressing and significant threat to health and life was a radical shift. Yet, as ... Read More PubDate: 2024-07-04T00:00:00-05:00
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