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Abstract: plato famously holds a narrow view of the scope of perception. In dialogues like the Phaedo and the Republic, he restricts the verb aisthanesthai to sense perception, a sort of bodily awareness of corporeal things, in contrast to a more general Greek usage applying to any sort of awareness whatsoever. In the Theaetetus, however, the restriction becomes much more radical. Here we are told that what we perceive through each of our bodily senses is special to that sense: we see colors, we hear sounds, we smell odors, and so on, and there is nothing that we perceive through more than one sense (Tht. 184–87). Our awareness of anything besides these special sensibles exceeds the resources of perception as such and ... Read More PubDate: 2025-04-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: the islamic philosophical tradition after Averroes (d. 1198) is still underresearched for a number of reasons. There is, first and foremost, the influential thesis that, despite Averroes’s response to al-Ghazali’s attack on philosophy, mainstream Islamic scholars—the ulema—increasingly turned against philosophy after the eleventh century, with an exception sometimes made for Shi’i Iran from the sixteenth century to the present day. This thesis has mostly been abandoned by modern specialists, though there are still a few who would defend it. The recalcitrant few include those who embrace the idea of Shi’i Iranian exceptionalism, but also those who see the postclassical tradition—Sunni as well as Shi’i—as, at best ... Read More PubDate: 2025-04-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: scholarship on concepts related to race and racism in modern philosophy has generally focused on prominent figures such as Hume and Kant.1 To a lesser extent, it has examined the influence of Aristotle’s claims about “natural slaves,” for instance, in the debate between Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda and Bartolomé de las Casas over the Spanish subjugation of Native Americans.2 Others have drawn attention to the notions of “blood purity” in the Iberian world and the role such notions played in early modern conceptions of race and racism.3 As part of this larger research agenda in early modern philosophy, this paper sheds light on the underexamined but hugely influential theory of polygenism—in particular, La Peyrère’s ... Read More PubDate: 2025-04-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: in the first sentence of the deduction of the Pure Concepts of the Understanding (“the Deduction”), Kant introduces the legal notion of a deduction:Jurists, when they speak of entitlements and claims, distinguish in a legal matter between the questions about what is lawful (quid juris) and that which concerns the fact (quid facti), and since they demand proof of both, they call the first, that which is to establish the entitlement or the legal claim, the deduction. The standard interpretation of this sentence has the following components. First, a legal deduction is an argument that a given claim—say, my claim to be owed £100 by a client—is legally valid. It is an argument that the claimant is legally entitled to ... Read More PubDate: 2025-04-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: in the summer of 1789, salomon maimon (1753–1800), then still a relatively unknown figure on the German philosophical scene, published a short exposition of Maimonides’s thought in the Berlinische Monatsschrift.1 Entitled “Probe Rabbinischer Philosophie” (A sample of rabbinic philosophy), Maimon’s article purports to be a supercommentary on Maimonides’s commentary on a passage of the Mishnah, the first authoritative Jewish legal code.2 But his article is in fact much more. It is the first time that he interprets Maimonides’s thought along the lines of Kantian philosophy, anticipating his later interpretations of Maimonides in his Giv’at ha-Moreh (Hill of the guide) (1791), his Hebrew commentary on the first book ... Read More PubDate: 2025-04-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: in 1963, edmund gettier published his landmark paper “Is Justified True Belief Knowledge'” arguing that the JTB definition of knowledge “does not state a sufficient condition for someone’s knowing a given proposition” (“Is Justified True Belief Knowledge',” 123, original emphasis). The article quickly attracted a large number of responses from epistemologists, who began exploring supplementary conditions and alternative definitions, thereby giving rise to a research program frequently labeled “post-Gettier epistemology.”1 In fact, analysis of knowledge became such a prominent field of study that critics—feminists, formal epistemologists, and experimental philosophers—began labeling it ‘mainstream’ ... Read More PubDate: 2025-04-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: The historical significance of Panaccio’s chosen topic is obvious: the debate between nominalism and realism is a topic of perennial and continuing interest, and William Ockham, though he never designated himself as such, is arguably the best-known and most systematic nominalist in the history of Western philosophy. But much of Ockham’s work is relatively inaccessible even to philosophically sophisticated readers. Not only has much of it not yet been translated, but it is articulated in the terminology and conceptual framework of medieval scholasticism, which tends even now to be the precinct of specialists. Thus, philosophically sophisticated non-medievalists have long needed a short but accurate introduction to ... Read More PubDate: 2025-04-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: In his Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science (MAN) (1786), Kant aims to lay out an a priori foundation of physics, in his view the fundamental natural science, on the basis of his newly developed transcendental philosophy. Until recently, MAN has been one of Kant’s works that have received least attention. This might be due to its technical content, which reflects the physics and chemistry of his time, or its difficult style, or its quick way of moving from topic to topic: even by Kantian standards, MAN is an enigmatic work. To Kant scholars not working in the field, it is also one of his most time-bound works. Others, however, see strong connections between the first Critique and MAN, and some even link ... Read More PubDate: 2025-04-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Hylomorphism is the view that particular objects are composites of form and matter. Something’s form is what causes it to be the specific kind of being it is and this form is realized in a suitable matter. When contemporary philosophers defend a broadly hylomorphic metaphysics and deign to discuss historical precursors at all, Aristotle is typically the only figure they engage. But hylomorphic theory after Aristotle is both complex and rich, and what we miss if we neglect this history is significant. This collection offers an unusually thorough presentation of this history. It will be invaluable for those interested in hylomorphism and of interest to anyone who correctly views philosophy as a historically ... Read More PubDate: 2025-04-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: In this important book, Christina Van Dyke asks what it would look like if scholars of medieval philosophy looked beyond the scholastic tradition in their accounts of key conceptual issues. As Van Dyke notes, the range of texts considered to be part of the medieval philosophical world has already expanded with scholarly recognition of the vital role played by Jewish and Islamic sources both in handing down and interpreting ancient Greek texts and in their substantive thinking about the questions raised by them. Van Dyke wishes to expand the corpus of medieval philosophy in a different direction, rightly insisting that medieval Christian mystical or contemplative traditions are also places in which philosophy ... Read More PubDate: 2025-04-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Morganna Lambeth’s book reconstructs Heidegger’s interpretation of Kant, as articulated immediately after the publication of Being and Time (1927) in a 1927–28 lecture course and a 1929 book, Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics, often called Heidegger’s Kantbuch. Lambeth also outlines a Heideggerian method of historical-philosophical interpretation. So even historians of philosophy uninterested in the details of Heidegger’s reading of Kant will find stimulating historiographical proposals in Lambeth’s clearly written and illuminating book, particularly in its first chapter.As is well known, Heidegger claimed to have found in Kant “crucial confirmation” of the philosophical path pursued in Being and Time (160). He ... Read More PubDate: 2025-04-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Stephen Darwall’s Modern Moral Philosophy: From Grotius to Kant is the first volume of a two-part series on the history of Western moral philosophy from the seventeenth to the twenty-first century. This first part covers the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and, in some ways, reads as a response to Terence Irwin’s The Development of Ethics: A Historical and Critical Study, Vol. II: From Suarez to Rousseau (Oxford University Press, 2008). Irwin sees modern moral philosophy through the lens of “Aristotelian naturalism” (11). On this view, the best life is one that most realizes human nature. This view is eudaimonist in that the reasons to pursue the best life are based in an agent’s good, and duty obligates when ... Read More PubDate: 2025-04-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Steve Nadler’s Descartes: The Renewal of Philosophy is an extended “Life and Works” essay framed by a question it sets out to answer: when does philosophy become modern' The book thus invites being read from the perspective of the reception of Descartes’s works. But this would fail to do justice to its contents, a well-informed and readable narrative, in eight chapters, of Descartes’s life from birth to death, interspersed with interesting details both biographical and otherwise.The focus is naturally on the development of Descartes’s science and philosophy, with summary presentations and brief discussions of his works—the Rules (47–52), The World (76–87), the Discourse and its essays (99–112), the correspondence ... Read More PubDate: 2025-04-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: This latest addition to the Cambridge Companion series covers the development of logic in ancient Greece, from its origins in the fourth century BCE through its rapid development by Aristotle and the Stoics and subsequent stagnation in later antiquity. It is an excellent collection. Four initial chapters summarize the history, followed by nine on “Key Themes”; three final chapters address the legacy of ancient logic. The contributors generally limit themselves to summarizing current scholarship (often with remarkable thoroughness). The extensive thirty-eight-page bibliography serves well as a reference to the field.In chapter 1, “The Prehistory of Logic,” Nicholas Denyer sees logical theory as originating in ... Read More PubDate: 2025-04-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: This is a magnificent biography, balanced, comprehensive, and meticulously researched. It reconstructs the life of a scholar whose analyses helped shape mid-twentieth-century British philosophy; and it traces the work of an intelligence officer whose analyses helped save tens of thousands of lives. Interestingly, it draws illuminating connections between Austin’s two careers. Rowe argues that the organization of Austin’s seminal Saturday Morning discussion group was informed by his experiences as leader of the Advanced Intelligence Section. Problems were broken down into smaller components and assigned to caseworkers, often young tutors, who had to write ever more detailed reports on increasingly specific subjects ... Read More PubDate: 2025-04-26T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: A telling footnote in Slavery and Race remarks that the existence of a strong antislavery movement prior to the American founding “is common knowledge among scholars who study early antislavery movements in America. However, historians of early modern philosophy are not always aware of it” (26n). This is true, and Jorati’s observation that we imitate the general American public in this respect should not assuage shame in our ignorance. For many Americans, this ignorance enables dubious justification. Contemporary philosophers, however, suffer from recent prejudices about what counts as “real philosophy” or as “philosophically relevant.”Jorati’s effort to ameliorate this ignorance and challenge these prejudices is ... Read More PubDate: 2025-04-26T00:00:00-05:00
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