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Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering
Number of Followers: 4  Open Access journalISSN (Print) 1847-9286 Published by International Association of Physical Chemists  [1 journal]
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- Conducting polymer functionalized graphene-based electrochemical sensors
for sensing pollutants in water
Authors: Siti Nur Akmar Mohd Yazid, Aina Adriana Che Adnan, Illyas Md Isa, Mohamad Idris Saidin, Mohamad Syahrizal Ahmad, Chin Suk Fun
Pages: 251 - 174
Abstract: Recent trends in electrochemical sensors based on conducting polymer functionalized graphene for the detection of pollutants in water are highlighted in this review. Graphene has been the subject of a lot of scientific research to be composited with conducting polymers. Researchers are interested in graphene and its variants because they have a lot of good qualities, like good electrical and mechanical properties and very high surface area. With this review, we intend to arouse interest in the important topic of graphene and conducting polymer nanocomposite that is making significant advances in electrochemical sensing, especially for sensing pollutants in water.
PubDate: 2023-01-10
DOI: 10.5599/jese.1506
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 2 (2023)
- Benzimidazole-modified polyaniline micro-shells for electrochemical
detection of cadmium in aqueous solution
Authors: Eldhose V. Varghese, Bejoy Thomas, Carsten Schwandt , Praveen C. Ramamurthy, Alex Joseph
Pages: 275 - 286
Abstract: Benzimidazole-functionalized polyaniline (BMPANI) was synthesized by interfacial polymerization technique and used for electrochemical sensing of cadmium ions in an aqueous solution. The material was characterized for its structural and morphological features using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The BMPANI has a micro-shell structure produced from the self-assembly of the monomer units in solution before the polymerization reaction. The material was trialed for cadmium ion sensing using a BMPANI-modified carbon paste electrode (BMPANI-CPE). Electrochemical techniques, i.e., cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV), were performed to assess the sensing characteristics of the material. Various electrode preparation parameters, i.e., deposition potential, pH of deposition solution, and thickness of the active layer, were optimized to achieve the highest level of sensitivity. The selectivity towards cadmium ions, interference from other ions, as well as stability and reusability of the BMPANI-CPE, were also examined and found to be satisfactory.
PubDate: 2023-02-24
DOI: 10.5599/jese.1440
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 2 (2023)
- Determination of ascorbic acid at solid electrodes modified with
L-cysteine
Authors: Nur İzi, Tuğçe Göver, Zafer Yazıcıgil
Pages: 287 - 296
Abstract: Gold and glassy carbon electrode surfaces were modified with L-cysteine, and the electrochemical behavior of ascorbic acid (AA) was investigated on these new surfaces. To improve the efficiency of electrodes, the electrode surfaces were modified and optimum conditions for AA determination were established. Electrochemical experiments were performed at different potential ranges, the concentration of AA, scan rates, number of polymerization cycles and pH values. Using cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique, optimum conditions were determined as the potential scanning range of 0.2 to 1.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.02) for the L-cysteine/Au electrode, and -1.95 to 1.9 V vs. Ag/AgCl in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 2.7) for the L-cysteine/GC electrode. For the characterization of both modified electrode surfaces, a series of physicochemical techniques was also applied. The usability and selectivity of these two proposed modified electrodes for the determination of AA were investigated using square wave voltammetry (SWV) in the presence of possible interferents, i.e., glycine, L-glutamic acid and uric acid.
PubDate: 2023-02-19
DOI: 10.5599/jese.1365
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 2 (2023)
- Electrochemical determination of vitamin B6 in pharmaceutical and energy
drink samples
Authors: Gizaw Tesfaye, Merid Tessema, Negussie Negash
Pages: 297 - 319
Abstract: A simple and low-cost electrochemical sensor based on poly(phenylalanine) and functionnalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (F-MWCNTs) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for the determination of vitamin B6 (VB6). The surface morphology of modified glassy carbon electrodes was investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrocatalytic activities of the bare and modified electrodes were investigated in the presence of ferri-ferrocyanide redox couple using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The exchange current density (jo = 2462 µA cm-2) and electron transfer rate constant (ko = 0.002 cm s−1) were calculated using 5 mM K3[Fe(CN)6]. The electrochemical activity of poly(phenylalanine)/F-MWCNT/GCE towards VB6 oxidation was investigated using CV. Parameters including the number of electrons transferred (n = 2), number of protons transferred (H+ = 2), electron transfer coefficient (α = 0.51) and surface concentration of VB6 (G = 0.24 nmol cm−2) were calculated. At the optimal experimental conditions, the oxidation peak current of VB6 measured by square wave voltammetry (SWV) was found proportional to its concentration in two linear ranges of 0.5 to 20 µM and 20 to 200 µM with a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.038 µM and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.125 µM. Finally, the sensor was successfully used to determine VB6 in soft drink and pharmaceutical formulation samples.
PubDate: 2023-03-01
DOI: 10.5599/jese.1674
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 2 (2023)
- Synergistic of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and glucose oxidase enzyme
as co-biocatalyst of enzymatic microbial fuel cell (EMFC) in converting
sugarcane bagasse extract into electricity
Authors: Marcelinus Christwardana, J. Joelianingsih, Linda Aliffia Yoshi
Pages: 321 - 332
Abstract: The microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an ecologically friendly alternative energy source. Due to the typically limited electron transfer in MFC systems, co-biocatalysts are necessary to enhance their performance. Enzymes are used as co-biocatalysts due to their superior ability to generate energy, and the system is known as an enzymatic microbial fuel cell (EMFC). One of the substrates that may be used is bagasse waste extracted from sugarcane. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx) serve as co-biocatalysts in the breakdown of sugarcane bagasse waste in this study, which uses single-chamber EMFCs. In EMFC using sugarcane bagasse waste extract employing S. cerevisiae biocatalyst and glucose oxidase enzyme co-biocatalyst, the open circuit voltage was 0.56 V and the maximum power density was 146.65 mW m-2, an increase of 10.4 times to MFCs that solely employed only yeast biocatalyst. In addition, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction achieved by this technology is 75 %. In addition, the pH of sugarcane bagasse waste extract samples treated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and GOx enzyme decreased from 4.6 to 4.2. This research demonstrates that adding the co-biocatalyst GOx enzyme may boost the performance of the traditional yeast MFC.
PubDate: 2023-01-13
DOI: 10.5599/jese.1559
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 2 (2023)
- Post-heat treatment of electrochemically carburized low-carbon steel
Authors: Chan On Sow, Wong Min Jin Karen, Saffuan Awg Bahrin, Bih Lii Chua, Gan Jet Hong Melvin, Nancy Julius Siambun
Pages: 421 - 436
Abstract: Limited studies are available on post-heat treatment (tempering/annealing) of electrochemically carburized low-carbon steel, which can relieve internal stresses induced by the quenching process. In this study, the electrochemical carburization was carried out using the electrolyte mixture of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and sodium chloride (NaCl) under a CO2 gas environment and 800 °C. The samples were then quenched in either water or oil. The peak hardness of the water-quenched sample (WQ) was higher than the oil-quenched sample (OQ). Comparatively, post-heat treated (tempered and annealed) samples showed lower peak hardness compared to quenched samples. An optical microscope was used to observe microstructural changes, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to examine metal phases within all samples. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the martensite peak supported the stress relief in both tempered and annealed samples. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) was applied to determine the elemental composition of as received and electrochemically carburized and quenched low-carbon steel samples. The carbon content of the WQ sample was relatively higher than the OQ sample, whereas the tempered samples showed higher carbon content compared to the annealed samples, but both were lower than for quenched samples. Electrochemical carburization increased the carbon content and improved the hardness, while the tempering or annealing process relieved internal stresses that resulted in the hardness reduction.
PubDate: 2023-02-19
DOI: 10.5599/jese.1638
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 2 (2023)
- Experimental and theoretical study on corrosion inhibition of mild steel
by meso-tetraphenyl-porphyrin derivatives in acid solution
Authors: Messaoud Meraghni, Touhami Lanez, Elhafnaoui Lanez, Lazhar Bechki, Ali Kennoufa
Pages: 217 - 229
Abstract: The inhibition effect of meso-tetraphenyl-porphyrin (TPPH2), meso-tetra4-methophenyl-porphyrin TPPH2(p-Me), and meso-tetra4-actophenyl-porphyrin (TAcPPH2) on the corrosion of XC52 mild steel in aerated 0.5 M aqueous sulfuric acid solution was studied by potentiodynamic polarization experiments and quantum chemical calculations. Results from potentiodynamic polarization showed that inhibition efficiency of three compounds increased upon increasing of the inhibitor concentration and they are acting as mixed type inhibitors, having dominant anodic reactions. Adsorption of all compounds follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm with moderate values of free energy of adsorption. Quantum chemical calculation using DFT/B3LYP method confirmed a strong bond between meso-tetraphenyl-porphyrins and mild steel surface. The inhibition mechanism was also determined by the potential of zero charge (PZC) measurement at the metal/solution interface.
PubDate: 2022-09-06
DOI: 10.5599/jese.1400
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 2 (2022)
- Non-toxic leguminous plant leaf extract as an effective corrosion
inhibitor of UNS S30403 in 1 M HCl
Authors: Okiemute Dickson Ofuyekpone, Adesoji Adeolu Adediran, Ochuko Goodluck Utu, Basil O. Onyekpe, Ufuoma G Unueroh
Pages: 231 - 250
Abstract: Weight loss, polarization, and open circuit potential methods were used to investigate the corrosion inhibitory impact of Centrosema pubescens leaf extract on 304L austenitic stainless steel UNS S30403 in 1 M hydrochloric acid. This non-toxic extract behaves as a mixed-type inhibitor according to the polarization curves, thermodynamics and activation parameters. Both the weight loss calculations and potentiodynamic polarization investigations showed that 1.2 g L-1 was the optimal concentration of the leaf extract. While the weight loss method gave inhibition efficiency of 86.84 and 75.00 % after 10 and 60 days of immersion at the optimum concentration, polarization studies revealed inhibition efficiencies of 93.08 and 98.66 % at 303 and 333 K, respectively. The extract molecules adhered to the UNS S30403 surface according to Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The presence of the protective film on the UNS S30403 surface was confirmed by SEM, EDX, and XRD measurements. The inhibition performance of the leaf extract was noted to be a function of the extract concentration, immersion time and temperature. The FTIR analysis indicated an interaction between austenitic stainless steel UNS S30403 and the molecules of Centrosema pubescens leaf extract.
PubDate: 2022-10-19
DOI: 10.5599/jese.1343
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 2 (2022)
- Ion-exchange membranes for blue energy generation: A short overview
focused on nanocomposite
Authors: Jin Gi Hong, Tae-Won Park
Pages: 333 - 345
Abstract: Blue energy can be harvested from salinity gradients between saline water and freshwater by reverse electrodialysis (RED). RED as a conversion technique to generate blue energy has received increasing attention in recent decades. As part of the RED system, ion exchange membranes (IEMs) are key elements to the success of future blue energy generation. However, its suboptimal performance often limits the applications and stagnates the development of the technology. The key properties of IEMs include ion exchange capacity, permselectivity, and electrical resistance. The enhancement of such physical and electrochemical properties is crucial for studying energy production with acceptable output efficiency on a commercial scale. Recently, many studies have tried blending nanotechnology into the membrane fabrication process. Hybridizing inorganic nanomaterials with an organic polymeric material showed the great potential of improving electrical conductivity and permselectivity, as well as other membrane characteristics for power performance. In this short review, recent developments on the IEM synthesis in association with potential nanomaterials are reviewed and raising issues regarding the application and commercialization of RED-based energy production are discussed.
PubDate: 2022-07-31
DOI: 10.5599/jese.1447
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 2 (2022)
- Hybrid polymer inclusion membrane as anion exchange membrane for
recovering Pd2+ ions in electrogenerative process
Authors: Syed Fariq Fathullah Syed Yaacob, Nadia Mansor, Syaza Atikah Nizar, Ayo Olasupo, Norita Mohamed, Faiz Bukhari Mohd Suah
Pages: 347 - 360
Abstract: A novel non-plasticized nano-porous hybrid inorganic-organic polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) was synthesized, characterized, and evaluated as an anion exchange membrane for application in electrogenerative processes to recover Pd2+ ions. Ionic liquids 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIM-Cl) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIM-Cl) were used as the carrier molecules in the polymeric network of PIM to enhance anion exchange process. This hybrid anion exchange membrane also consists of a polymeric matrix of non-plasticized cellulose triacetate modified by incorporating an inorganic material (silane) prepared by the sol-gel route. Different parameters affecting the ion transport performance efficiency, i.e., the composition of the membrane, type of ionic liquid (carrier molecule) and ion–exchange capacity, were investigated and optimized. In the electrogenerative process, the results revealed that the prepared PIM yields better recovery results for recovering Pd2+ ions from its chloride solution compared to the commercial anion exchange membrane Neosepta® AM-01, with a full recovery of 100 mg/L Pd2+ ions in 30 min. This preliminary study shows that the prepared low-cost hybrid anion exchange membrane PIM can act as an inexpensive material suitable for the rapid and efficient recovery of Pd2+ ions from an aqueous solution.
PubDate: 2022-12-08
DOI: 10.5599/jese.1501
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 2 (2022)
- Treatment of oily wastewater by electrocoagulation technology: A general
review (2018-2022)
Authors: Muhammad Aiyd Jasim, Forat Yasir AlJaberi
Pages: 361 - 372
Abstract: A huge amount of oily wastewater is discharged annually from several industries like petroleum and petrochemical factories. Scientists and researchers are permanently concentrated on creating conventional technologies or identifying novel treatment options for oily wastewaters, since they need to be treated before being discharged into the soil and aquatic ecosystems. Electrocoagulation technology (ECT) is an electrochemical method employed to remove numerous pollutants from domestic and industrial wastewaters. This paper aims to review the recently published articles from 2018 to 2022 concerned with ECT for oily wastewater remediation. Based on the present review, it is obvious that ECT is strongly dependent on the value of electric current or voltage applied to provide the required amounts of electro-coagulants for efficient remediation, reaction time duration for the generation of electro-coagulants and pollutants elimination, and electrode configuration such as shape, type of metal, and distance between electrodes. Other operating parameters include solution pH (since some pollutants are removed based on their cationic or anionic nature), type of electrolyte which affects the electric conductivity and ohmic drop and stirring speed that may influence the contact among numerous ions throughout the EC reactor. The core findings show that the ECT is highly effective, eco-friendly, and cost-effective in eliminating organic and inorganic pollutants from oily wastewater.
PubDate: 2022-10-29
DOI: 10.5599/jese.1472
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 2 (2022)
- Removal of nickel from Ni(II)-NH3-SO2-CO2-H2O system by
electrocoagulation, sedimentation and filtration processes
Authors: Armando Rojas Vargas, María Elena Magaña Haynes, Crispin Sánchez Guillen, Forat Yasir AlJaberi
Pages: 373 - 391
Abstract: The nickel removal by electrocoagulation of Ni(II)-NH3-CO2-SO2-H2O system was studied in a batch reactor of 50 L useful volume, with stirring and two pairs of aluminum electrodes. The operating parameters were nickel concentration between 255 and 342 mg L-1, current density of 11.0 and 16.6 mA cm-2, pH 8.34±0.06, mean temperature 58.4±3.9 °C and retention time of 50 min. The maximum nickel removal was 99.7 % at 11.0 mA cm-2, specific energy consumption 16.86 kWh kg-1 of Al3+, 2.438 kWh kg-1 of Ni and the adsorption capacity 5819 mg Ni g-1 of Al3+. The precipitate contained a nickel content of 37.2 % and a true density of 2720 kg m-3, hydrotalcite-like structure layered double hydroxides. The unit area of sedimentation was between 0.25 and 1.96 m2 t-1 day, at a density from 971 to 1019 kg m-1 and 53±4 °C. A model for predicting the specific cake resistance was estimated as a function of pressure drop and suspension concentration at 44.45 kPa and 59.52 kg m-3, resulting in the value of 6.47±107 m kg-1. The average cake humidity was 88 % base humid.
PubDate: 2022-07-06
DOI: 10.5599/jese.1376
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 2 (2022)
- Synthesis of ammonia from water and nitrogen using a compo-site cathode
based on La0.6Ba0.4Fe0.8Cu0.2O3-δ-Ce0.8Gd0.18Ca0.02O2-δ
Authors: Ibrahim Amar
Pages: 393 - 405
Abstract: Carbon-free electrochemical synthesis of ammonia is a promising technology for CO2 emission reduction. This study aims to explore the electrocatalytic activity of A-site Ba-doped perovskite cathode catalyst (La0.6Ba0.4Fe0.8Cu0.2O3-δ, LBFCu) for ammonia synthesis from water and nitrogen. LBFCu was prepared via the sol-gel method using combined EDTA-citrate complexing agents and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Ammonia was successfully synthesised from water and nitrogen under atmospheric pressure, and LBFCu mixed with Ce0.8Gd0.18Ca0.02O2-δ (CGDC) was used as a cathode. When a voltage was applied to the cell containing CGDC-carbonate composite solid electrolyte, ammonia formation was observed at 375, 400, 425 and 450 °C. At 400 °C and 1.4 V, the maximum rate of ammonia production was achieved at 4.0×10-11 mol s-1 cm-2, which corresponds to Faradaic efficiency of ~ 0.06 % at the current density of 19 mA cm-2. According to the findings, the synthesis of ammonia directly from water and nitrogen may be considered a promising green synthesis technology.
PubDate: 2022-11-08
DOI: 10.5599/jese.1535
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 2 (2022)
- High-velocity air fuel coatings for steel for erosion-resistant
applications
Authors: Yasemin Yıldıran Avcu, Mert Güney, Egemen Avcu
Pages: 407 - 420
Abstract: High-velocity air fuel (HVAF) coating processes have advantages over conventional high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) processes, resulting in coatings with superior properties. The present review first provides a concise overview of HVAF coatings, highlighting their advantages over HVOF coatings. Then, the fundamentals of solid particle, slurry, and cavitation erosion are briefly introduced. Finally, the performance of HVAF coatings for erosion-resistant applications is discussed in detail. The emerging research consistently reports HVAF-coatings having higher erosion resistance than HVOF-coatings, which is attributed to their elevated hardness and density and improved microstructural features that inhibit the surface damages caused by erosion. The dominant wear mechanisms are mainly functions of particle impact angle. For instance, the removal of the binder phase at high impact angles causes the accumulation of plastic strain on hard particles (e.g., WC particles) in the matrix, forming micro-cracks between the hard particles and the matrix, eventually decreasing the erosion resistance of HVAF coatings. The binder phase of HVAF-coatings significantly affects erosion resistance, primarily due to their inherent mechanical properties and bearing capacity of hard particles. Optimizing spraying parameters to tailor the microstructural characteristics of these coatings appears to be the key to enhancing their erosion resistance. The relationship between microstructural features and erosion mechanisms needs to be clarified to process coatings with tailored microstructural features for erosion-resistant applications.
PubDate: 2022-07-28
DOI: 10.5599/jese.1369
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 2 (2022)
