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ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.593  Citation Impact (citeScore): 2 Number of Followers: 7  Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)ISSN (Print) 2162-8769 - ISSN (Online) 2162-8777 Published by IOP  [45 journals]
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- Performance Analysis of Voltage-Controlled Magnetic Anisotropy MRAM-Based
Logic Gates and Full Adder-
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Authors: Payal Jangra; Manoj Duhan
First page: 051001
Abstract: In the last decade, spintronics technology has been extensively researched for future non-volatile memories use. VCMA-MRAM exploits the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) principle to write data into magnetic tunnel junctions. In this paper, analysis, and comparison of the Energy consumption and delay performance parameter of Voltage Controlled Magnetic Anisotropy (VCMA) based logic gates are being done. This paper has implemented AND/NAND, OR/NOR, XOR/XNOR, and Full Adder using CMOS/VCMA models. Three models of VCMA have been used in this paper for performance analysis and comparison—STT-assisted thermally activated VCMA, STT-assisted precessional VCMA, and Precessional VCMA. The performance of these circuits has been analyzed, and the results have been compared within VCMA modules. Performance parameters like energy consumption and delay has been analyzed in this paper. From the gate latency (delay) and energy consumption analysis, it has been derived that the precessional VCMA-based gates perform better in these domains as compared to the other VCMA model-based gates. It is observed that performance improvements of ∼20% and ∼60% have been seen over STT-assisted precessional VCMA and STT-assisted thermally activated VCMA based gates in terms of gate latency at 1.2 V operating voltage and improvement of around 80% is seen in terms of energy over STT assisted thermally activated magnetic anisotropic MRAM, respectively.
Citation: ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology
PubDate: 2023-05-09T23:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/acd1b1
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 5 (2023)
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- Physical, Optical, and Spectroscopic Characteristics of Mixed Alkali
Tetraborate Glasses RO–ZnO–Li2B4O7-K2B4O7: Impact of Alkaline Earth
Oxides (R = Mg, Ca)-
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Authors: Sarap Krishnaprasad; Md. Shareefuddin, M. Lakshmipathi Rao G. Ramadevudu
First page: 053002
Abstract: Alkali tetraborate glasses 10RO-30ZnO-xLi2B4O7-(60-x) K2B4O7 (R = Mg, Ca) with x varying from 0 mole% to 60 mole% were synthesized by melt quenching approach at around 1150 °C. Broad and peak less X-ray diffraction spectra confirmed the amorphous nature of synthesized glass samples. Physical and optical properties namely density, molar volume, refractive index, optical band gaps, molar refractivity and Urbach energy values have been reported. The density of the present glass samples improved with increasing x mole% except at the presence of equal amounts of alkali oxides in the glass system. The molar volume decreased continuously with x mole%. Oxygen packing density (OPD) increased with increasing x mole%. The optical energy band gap Eopt values with increasing lithium tetraborate in the glass composition have shown a downward trend, where are refractive index values shown upward. FTIR and Raman studies revealed the variation of BO3 and BO4 units in the glasses with composition is marginal. EPR spectra of copper ions confirmed the existence of Cu2+ ions in the ground state dx2–y2 orbital (2B1g). The observed non-linear variations of various properties are attributed to the structural changes caused by mixed alkali effect.
Citation: ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology
PubDate: 2023-05-09T23:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/acd1b3
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 5 (2023)
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- Investigation of Dielectric and Energy Storage Performance of
(1-x)BaTiO3-xBi(Zn2/3Nb1/3)O3 Ceramic for Possible MLCC Application-
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Authors: Subhashree Sahoo; Tanmaya Badapanda, Archana Hota Sanjeeb Kumar Rout
First page: 053003
Abstract: The dielectric and energy-storage performance of (1-x)BaTiO3(BT)-xBi(Zn2/3Nb1/3)O3(BZN) [0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15] materials are presented in this manuscript for potential multilayer ceramic capacitor application. The solid-state reaction method is adapted for the preparation of the ceramics. X-ray diffraction patterns of the ceramics reveal the formation of pure perovskite pseudo-cubic structure with space group P m −3 m. Temperature and frequency-dependent dielectric behavior are analyzed to understand the change in dielectric performance with the rise in BZN concentration. The degree of diffuseness in the phase transition has been analyzed by using the modified Curie-Weiss Law. The temperature Coefficient of Capacitance (TCC) has been calculated to analyze the thermal stability of the material. The P-E hysteresis loop measurement has been carried out at different applied fields and found that 0.15 mol% of BT-BZN can withstand maximum electric field exposure without undergoing any electrical breakdown. The energy storage efficiency is calculated for all the compositions and maximum efficiency is obtained for x = 0.15. The frequency-dependent P-E hysteresis is carried out and frequency stability of polarization is obtained for 0.85BT-0.15 BZN ceramic.
Citation: ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology
PubDate: 2023-05-09T23:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/acd145
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 5 (2023)
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- Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Degradation Activity of
Layered Two-Dimensional MoS2-ZnS Nanocomposites-
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Authors: Susmi Anna Thomas; G. P. Krishnamohan, R. S. Rimal Isaac, Jayesh Cherusseri Arun Aravind
First page: 055004
Abstract: Commercial wastewater treatment via. eco-friendly routes are highly appreciated as a sustainable solution as per the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal 6 (UNSDG-6). In this article, we report a cost-effective and efficient route to treat wastewater by photocatalysis using Sunlight. Hydrothermally-synthesized MoS2-ZnS nanocomposite is used as photocatalyst and methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) are used as model dyes to study the photocatalytic degradation activity. After exposing to the Sunlight for a period of 60 min, the MoS2-ZnS nanocomposite shows a degradation of 98.29 and 93.01% for MB and RhB, respectively. This enhanced photocatalytic activity of the MoS2-ZnS nanocomposite is due to its high light absorption and lower electron-hole recombination for the degradation of dyes. No harmful by-products are formed, which shows the eco-friendly nature of photocatalytic degradation of dyes in wastewater. A detailed theoretical investigation is carried out using density functional theory (DFT) analysis. The DFT calculations are performed for dyes and the photocatalysts in order to understand the mechanism behind the degradation. A good correlation between the calculated and experimental data is observed. This study proclaims that MoS2-ZnS nanocomposite is a cost-effective and efficient photocatalyst among other costly layered two-dimensional nanocomposites.
Citation: ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology
PubDate: 2023-05-08T23:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/acd144
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 5 (2023)
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- Review—Process Research on Intrinsic Passivation Layer for
Heterojunction Solar Cells-
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Authors: Jiajian Shi; Cuihua Shi, Jia Ge Zisheng Guan
First page: 055005
Abstract: On top of a crystalline silicon wafer, heterojunction solar cells have a thin layer of amorphous silicon (a-Si) placed on it. The efficiency of heterojunction solar cells can be increased by decreasing the electron complex loss by adding an inherent passivation layer to a monocrystalline silicon (c-Si) substrate. In this study, we examine the development of the intrinsic passivation layer deposition technique on c-Si substrates over the previous ten years by several research teams. First, a description of the structure, benefits, and passivation of heterojunction solar cells is given. Following that, the impact of modifying process variables on the functionality of the passivation layer and cell efficiency is explored in terms of the passivation material, hydrogen dilution ratio, substrate temperature, and post-deposition annealing. Last but not least, the ideal process parameters are summed up and potential future research areas are predicted. One of the best ways to increase the conversion efficiency of heterojunction solar cells is through surface passivation technology, and future domestic and international research will focus heavily on the process technology of its intrinsic passivation layer.
Citation: ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology
PubDate: 2023-05-08T23:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/acd143
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 5 (2023)
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- Ferroelectric Tunnel Thin-Film Transistor for Synaptic Applications
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Authors: William Cheng-Yu Ma; Chun-Jung Su, Kuo-Hsing Kao, Ta-Chun Cho, Jing-Qiang Guo, Cheng-Jun Wu, Po-Ying Wu Jia-Yuan Hung
First page: 055006
Abstract: In this work, a ferroelectric tunnel thin-film transistor (FeT-TFT) with polycrystalline-silicon (poly-Si) channel and ferroelectric HfZrOx gate dielectric is demonstrated with analog memory characteristics for the application of synaptic devices. The FeT-TFT exhibits a much lower conduction current of ∼0.032 times in transfer characteristics and maximum conductance (Gd) of ∼ 0.14 to 0.2 times in potentiation and depression operation than the FeTFT due to FeT-TFT’s carrier transport mechanism: interband tunneling. This work employed pulse widths of 75, 150, and 300 ns to modulate Gd, and it was found that using a pulse width of 75 ns could achieve low asymmetry ∼ 1 and high Gd ratio ∼ 20.63 under the consideration of operation speed. When the pulse time is increased, the potentiation and depression voltages can be significantly decreased to maintain the low asymmetry, but the Gd ratio is also reduced. In addition, the endurance characteristic of poly-Si FeT-TFT is found to be strongly related to the degradation effect of subthreshold swing due to the dynamic stress effect in the endurance measurement. This result reveals that the reliability of ferroelectric devices is not only owing to the degradation of the remanent polarization.
Citation: ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology
PubDate: 2023-05-09T23:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/acd212
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 5 (2023)
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- Gate-Bias-Induced Threshold Voltage Shifts in GaN FATFETs
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Authors: Yoshihiro Irokawa; Kazutaka Mitsuishi, Takatomi Izumi, Junya Nishii, Toshihide Nabatame Yasuo Koide
First page: 055007
Abstract: The threshold voltage (VTH) stability in GaN fat field-effect transistors (FATFETs) with a large channel area of ∼6.2 × 104μm2 was studied using drain current vs gate voltage (ID–VG) characteristics. Each measurement was found to positively shift the previous ID–VG curve, and VTH eventually saturated with increasing number of measurements. The saturated VTH was ∼0.8 V for measurements in which VG ranged from −10 to 25 V and was ∼8 V for measurements in which the VG ranged from −10 to 40 V. Moreover, the positive gate bias stress increased VTH to 12.3 V. These shifts of VTH can be explained by electron trapping; according to charge-pumping measurements, the traps cannot exist in the oxide or the oxide/p-GaN interface but can exist near the surface region in p-GaN layers in GaN FATFETs. Scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy analyses revealed the presence of oxygen within several atomic layers of p-GaN from the oxide/p-GaN interface. This intermixed oxygen might be the origin of the n-type behavior of the p-GaN surface; furthermore, the oxygen is speculated to be related to the traps. Surprisingly, similar incorporated oxygen was observed even in the surface region of as-grown p-GaN layers.
Citation: ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology
PubDate: 2023-05-09T23:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/acd1b4
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 5 (2023)
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- Advanced TPU/ZnS:Al Flexible Film with Thermo-Force-Optical Response for
Smart Clothing-
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Authors: Bingyu Yan; Yuan Gao, Tiancai Sun, Dejun Sun, Chao Hui, Xiaonan Li, Jun Zhang Yun-Ze Long
First page: 056001
Abstract: With the continuous development of science and technology, smart sensing wearables have gradually entered people’s lives. However, the prepared wearable material has poor air permeability, poor fit, and does not have multiple modal excitations. In addition, it is not waterproof or even wearable at low temperatures. In this work, a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and ZnS:Al composite film with excellent air permeability has been developed. The TPU/ZnS:Al flexible film can be prepared on a large scale by solution blow spinning (SBS). This fiber membrane can realize the dual response of temperature and stress, and cooperate with the light sensor to realize the transmission of intelligent information. This nanofiber membrane doped with ZnS:Al exhibits a uniform distribution, maintains excellent tensile properties and flexibility, and can adapt to any perfect shape of the fitting surface. Even the average air permeability can be as high as 300 mm s−1, which is 600 times that of conventional spraying methods. The Al introduced in ZnS:Al can stimulate the composite film to emit light, and the luminescence effect can be maintained for about 1 min. These results provide new ideas for the large-scale fabrication of integrated stimulus-responsive photosensitive intelligent wearable devices for various applications.
Citation: ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology
PubDate: 2023-05-09T23:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/acd1b2
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 5 (2023)
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- WS2-Pt Nanostructure-Based Composite for Hydrogen Gas Sensing with
Ultra-Fast Response and Recovery Rates-
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Authors: Sandeep Reddy Gottam; Li-Wen Wang, Tai-Yu Wu, Yi-Hung Liu Sheng-Yuan Chu
First page: 057001
Abstract: Hydrogen is regarded as a secondary energy carrier derived from hydrogen evolution reactions. To ensure safety when utilizing this hazardous gas, hydrogen gas sensors with rapid response and recovery times, high sensor sensitivity, and stability are essential. A high surface-to-volume ratio with complete adsorption and desorption of ions renders WS2 a promising candidate for hydrogen gas sensor applications. This study introduces a novel high-performance hydrogen gas sensor based on a metal sulfide-platinum (WS2-Pt) composite. The WS2-Pt composite was successfully synthesized using a solution-based process and spin-coating techniques. WS2-Pt nanostructures were densely distributed on a gallium nitride/sapphire substrate, and a hydrogen sensing device was fabricated. The metal sulfide/platinum composite demonstrated ultra-fast sensor response of approximately 3 s toward 500 ppm hydrogen with a satisfactory sensor sensitivity. The response rate was notably encouraging. This research represents the first attempt in the sensor domain to enhance the performance of hydrogen sensing devices using metal sulfide/Pt active layers.
Citation: ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology
PubDate: 2023-05-08T23:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/acd142
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 5 (2023)
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- Ultrasensitive and Selective Electrochemical Sensor Based on Yttrium
Benzenetricarboxylate Porous Coordination Polymer (Y-BTC) for Detection of
Pb2+ from Bio-Analytes-
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Authors: Shubham S. Patil; Kamlesh B. Deore, Vijaykiran N. Narwade, Wen Ping Peng, Tibor Hianik Mahendra D. Shirsat
First page: 057002
Abstract: Due to industrialization, the presence of heavy metal ions in various sources of drinking water causes damage to the ecosystem. Determination of heavy metal ions is still arduous due to their toxicity and carcinogenic behavior to humankind. The present investigation deals with the development of a novel ultrasensitive electrochemical sensor for the detection of lead (Pb2+) from pesticide and fruit core. Repetitive laboratory-scale aqueous samples have been tested to validate all sensing parameters, it exhibited highly selective behaviour towards Pb2+. Hydrothermally synthesized Yttrium Benzenetricarboxylate (Y-BTC) has been characterized by means of structural, morphological, electrochemical and spectroscopic characterizations and utilized as a sensing material. Y-BTC Sensor’s differential pulse behavior shows affinity towards Pb2+, a detailed sensing mechanism further illustrated by XPS studies, DLS measurements, deformation studies by photoluminescence spectra, and charge transfer resistance obtained from EIS data. The developed Y-BTC sensor showcased an excellent picomolar detection limit of 1 pM. Reliability of developed sensor was confirmed by evaluation of sensitivity (4.4 μA M−1), selectivity (towards Pb2+), repeatability and reproducibility. The proposed sensor would play a vital role in monitoring human health in the upcoming days.
Citation: ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology
PubDate: 2023-05-09T23:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/acd1af
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 5 (2023)
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- A Comparative Study of Plastic and Glass Optical Fibers for Reliable Home
Networking-
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Authors: Hussein K. Manea; Yousif N. Molood, Qussay Al-Jubouri, Bakr Ahmed Taha, Vishal Chaudhary, Sarvesh Rustagi Norhana Arsad
First page: 057003
Abstract: Home networking using fiber optics is essential for uninterrupted data transmission in modern communication networks. In this study, we evaluated and compared the reliability of plastic optical fibers (POFs) and glass optical fibers (GOFs) for home networking applications. Furthermore, assess the advantages and disadvantages of POF and GOF over short distances and find that POF is more suitable for home network applications due to its higher reliability. In addition, it has the advantage of being cost-effective and flexible for short-distance applications. The results show that POF indicates higher reliability and better performance at 8.25517 × 101of the Q factors, 2.21355 × 10−3 of the eye height, and 2.8307 × 10−3 of the threshold values at 30 meters, while GOF shows 6.30 × 101 of the Q factor, 3.78087 × 10−3 of the eye heights and 4.34736 × 10−3 of the threshold values. Moreover, this research highlights the importance of reliability in designing and applying optical fiber networks and can help network designers and engineers make informed decisions when selecting the appropriate type of optical fiber for specific applications.
Citation: ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology
PubDate: 2023-05-09T23:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/acd1ac
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 5 (2023)
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- Preparation of CuO/rGO Nanocomposite with Rice Granular Structure and Its
Application to Detect Glucose-
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Authors: Li Ruifeng; Chen Yue, Yang Weitong, Deng Min, Lu Xiaoying Jiang Qi
First page: 057004
Abstract: In order to enhance the electrochemical detection performance for glucose, graphene oxide (GO) was introduced during the preparation process of micron-sized rice granular CuO. A nano-sized rice CuO/rGO composite chemically modified electrode with good conductivity was prepared and used for the enzyme-free detection on glucose. The morphology and structure of the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and N2 adsorption desorption tester. The electrochemical properties of the prepared modified electrode were tested by cyclic voltammetry, amperometric experiments and AC impedance testing. The results show that the prepared nanocomposite still retains the rice grain structure of the original CuO, but the particle size is reduced in to nanometer scale. When the mass ratio of CuO and rGO is 3.5:1, the modified electrode has the strongest current response to glucose: in the range of 0.01 to 2.53 mmol·l−1, there is a good linear relationship and the linear equation is Ipa (Ma) = (2.81 ± 0.08) × 10−2 + (9.63 ± 0.06) × 10−2c (mmol·l−1), R = 0.999. The detection limit is 0.047 mol·l−1 (S/N = 3) and the sensitivity is 1746.16 μA·mmol−1·L·cm−2. At the same time, the prepared modified electrode has good selectivity, reliability, repeatability and stability for glucose.
Citation: ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology
PubDate: 2023-05-10T23:00:00Z
DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/acd213
Issue No: Vol. 12, No. 5 (2023)
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