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IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics
Journal Prestige (SJR): 1.214  Citation Impact (citeScore): 4 Number of Followers: 16  Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)ISSN (Online) 2156-3381 Published by IEEE  [228 journals]
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- IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics Publication Information
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Pages: C2 - C2
PubDate: May 2023
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 3 (2023)
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- IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics Information for Authors
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Pages: C3 - C3
PubDate: May 2023
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 3 (2023)
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Pages: C4 - C4
PubDate: May 2023
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 3 (2023)
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- Automatic Crack Segmentation and Feature Extraction in Electroluminescence
Images of Solar Modules-
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Authors: Xin Chen;Todd Karin;Cara Libby;Michael Deceglie;Peter Hacke;Timothy J Silverman;Anubhav Jain;
Pages: 334 - 342
Abstract: The effect of cracks in solar cells on the long-term degradation of photovoltaic (PV) modules remains to be determined. To investigate this effect in future studies, it is necessary to quantitatively describe the crack features (e.g., length) and correlate them with module power loss. Electroluminescence (EL) imaging is a common technique for identifying cracks. However, it is currently challenging and time-consuming to identify cracks in a large number of EL images and quantify complex crack features by human inspection. This article introduces a fast semantic segmentation method ($sim$0.18 s/cell) to automatically segment cracks from EL images and algorithms to extract crack features. We fine-tuned a UNet neural network model using pretrained VGG16 as the encoder and obtained an average F1 score of 0.875 and an intersection over union score of 0.782 on the testing set. With cracks and busbars segmented, we developed algorithms for extracting crack features, including the crack-isolated area, the brightness inside the isolated area, and the crack length. We also developed an automatic preprocessing tool for cropping individual cell images from EL images of PV modules ($sim$0.72 s/module). Our codes are published as open-source an software, and our annotated dataset composed of various types of cells is published as a benchmark for crack segmentation in EL images.
PubDate: May 2023
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 3 (2023)
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- Analysis for Expansion of Driving Distance and CO2 Emission Reduction of
Photovoltaic-Powered Vehicles-
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Authors: Masafumi Yamaguchi;Taizo Masuda;Takashi Nakado;Kazumi Yamada;Kenichi Okumura;Akinori Satou;Yasuyuki Ota;Kenji Araki;Kensuke Nishioka;Nobuaki Kojima;Yoshio Ohshita;
Pages: 343 - 348
Abstract: Development of photovoltaic (PV)-powered vehicles is very important to play a critical role in a future carbon neutrality society because it has been reported that the vehicle integrated PVs (VIPVs) have great ability to reduce CO2 emission from the transport sector. Usage of high-efficiency solar cell modules is essential due to the limited installable area of PV on vehicle exterior. This article presents test driving data of the Toyota Prius demonstration car installed with high-efficiency III-V compound triple-junction solar cell module with an efficiency of more than 30%. Average daily driving distance (DD) of 17 km/day under usage of air conditioning and 62% CO2 emission reduction are demonstrated by actual driving in Nagoya, Japan. In addition, analytical results for impact of high-efficiency VIPV modules of more than 35% on increases in DD of more than 30 km/day average and reducing CO2 emission of PV-powered vehicles of more than 70% reduction are also shown.
PubDate: May 2023
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 3 (2023)
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- ETFE and its Role in the Fabrication of Lightweight c-Si Solar Modules
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Authors: Fabiana Lisco;Farwah Bukhari;Luke O. Jones;Adam Michael Law;John Mike Walls;Christophe Ballif;
Pages: 349 - 354
Abstract: Glass-free, lightweight, photovoltaic modules have the potential to enable new uses of solar in building integrated and vehicle integrated applications. Glass-free modules have the advantages of reduced weight, lower-cost mounting solutions, and reduced transportation costs. Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) is usually considered a suitable candidate to replace glass as the front cover sheet material in module fabrication. In this article, we report on its optical, chemical, self-cleaning, and morphological properties. Durability is a key issue, especially for building-integrated applications since harsh conditions are prevalent outdoors. We report on the effect of sequences of environmental stress tests (UV exposure, and Damp Heat). The module cover material is also subject to regular cleaning, which can cause surface damage. We report on the use of linear abrasion testing to assess the abrasion resistance of ETFE to a variety of abrasive materials. The results provide useful data on the advantages and disadvantages of replacing glass with a durable polymer for front sheets in solar modules.
PubDate: May 2023
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 3 (2023)
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- Rapid Thermal Annealing of p-Type Polysilicon Passivated Contacts Silicon
Solar Cells-
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Authors: Arpan Sinha;Sagnik Dasgupta;Ajeet Rohatgi;Mool C. Gupta;
Pages: 355 - 364
Abstract: The carrier selective contacts Si solar cells based on tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) have provided an efficiency of over 25%, and the large-scale production is planned. One of the crucial steps in TOPCon solar cells fabrication is furnace annealing at around 875 °C. We have investigated the rapid thermal annealing (RTA) for TOPCon solar cells. We discovered that the RTA carried out in air showed much fewer hydrogen-induced blisters than in the N2 atmosphere. Second, the optical radiation and heat generated in RTA had a significant effect on the degradation of iVoc. The RTA with a SiNx:H layer on top of polysilicon generated iVoc of 706 mV. The mechanism of degradation under air versus nitrogen atmosphere and the effect of high-intensity light during the annealing process were inferred through various characterizations, such as surface morphology, surface passivation, crystallinity determination, chemical compositional changes, electrical sheet resistances, and oxidation state of ultrathin SiOx. The TOPCon after air RTA performed better than in nitrogen, optimally at 825 °C. Forming gas annealing further improved the iVoc. Crystallization and sheet resistance were dependent on the annealing temperature and time.
PubDate: May 2023
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 3 (2023)
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- Moisture Ingress and Distribution in Bifacial Silicon Photovoltaics
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Authors: Tala Sidawi;Rishi E. Kumar;Ian Slauch;Rico Meier;Mariana I. Bertoni;David P. Fenning;
Pages: 365 - 372
Abstract: Water participates in multiple modes of degradation in photovoltaic (PV) modules including encapsulant yellowing, delamination, and contact corrosion. To mitigate moisture-induced degradation, we must understand the kinetics of moisture in state-of-the-art encapsulants and module architectures. In this article, we present a robust optical method to quantify water content in the front and rear side encapsulants of bifacial silicon PV modules, then use such measurements to validate a model for simulating water concentration in these modules. First, we quantify the solubility of water in four modern encapsulants: ethylene vinyl acetate and polyolefin, each with and without UV-blocking additives. Second, we use water reflectometry detection to measure the diffusion of moisture within glass-backsheet modules as a function of time and environmental condition. Third, we present a model of moisture transport in bifacial silicon PV modules and show it to be consistent with our measurements. Crucially, our methodology enables the separate evaluation of water content in the front encapsulant and the rear polymers within glass-backsheet modules. Overall, our work presents a quantitative picture of moisture in emerging module architectures and a framework to extend this approach other encapsulants and module designs.
PubDate: May 2023
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 3 (2023)
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- Review of Laser Doping and its Applications in Silicon Solar Cells
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Authors: Michelle Vaqueiro-Contreras;Brett Hallam;Catherine Chan;
Pages: 373 - 384
Abstract: Laser-doped selective emitter diffusion techniques have become mainstream in solar cell manufacture covering 60% of the market share in 2022 and are expected to continue to grow to above 90% within the next five years (ITRPV). This was a very rapid uptake of technology, coming from only ∼10% penetration in 2018, and has enabled over 20 fA/cm2 front recombination current reductions on the dominant passivated emitter and rear cell concepts in the same short period. In this article, a broad overview of key concepts in relation to laser doping methods relevant to solar cell manufacturing is given. We first discuss the basic mechanisms behind laser doping along with the benefits over conventional doping methods. The main laser doping approaches reported in the literature are then discussed, along with implications for metallization strategy, particularly in relation to selective emitter and back surface field formation in the dominant passivated emitter and rear cell technology. Different cell concepts that have benefited from the application of laser doping are also discussed. In the last section, we discuss the main defects induced by laser processing of silicon which affect the finished devices, potential and debated causes, as well as some commonly applied treatments for their mitigation.
PubDate: May 2023
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 3 (2023)
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- UV-Ozone Oxide for Surface Clean, Passivation, and Tunneling Contact
Applications of Silicon Solar Cells-
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Authors: Munan Gao;Vibhor Kumar;Winston Schoenfeld;Ngwe Zin;
Pages: 385 - 390
Abstract: We demonstrate the versatile use of UV-ozone oxide (UVo) in surface cleaning, surface passivation, diffused junction passivation, and current tunneling applications of crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells. A UV-ozone generated oxide is used as a surface clean for random textured c-Si samples and the effectiveness of surface clean is determined by capping with a thin layer of aluminum oxide (AlOx). Our developed UVo clean has resulted in a cleaning efficiency almost comparable to that of the benchmarked RCA clean, yielding a saturation current density of 12 fA/cm2. When planar and textured c-Si samples are capped by a stack of UVo and AlOx, a UV-ozone growth time of no more than 3 min is found to provide an optimum surface passivation. When tested on phosphorus and boron diffused junctions (with sheet resistance, Rsh of 110–120 $Omega!/!{scriptstylesquare} $), the UVo and AlOx stack resulted in a J0 of 11 fA/cm2 or lower. The high-resolution transmission electron microscope imaging revealed that UVo structure is stable upon annealing for passivation activation. Last, when applied as a tunneling contact, the UVo realizes a contact resistivity (ρc) of ∼1 mΩ-cm2 and ∼20 mΩ-cm2 for boron and phosphorus doped metal-insulator-semiconductor contact structures, respectively, with moderately doped diffusions.
PubDate: May 2023
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 3 (2023)
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- Transient Metastable Behavior Caused by Magnesium-Doped Zinc Oxide
Emitters in CdSeTe/CdTe Solar Cells-
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Authors: Mustafa Togay;Rachael C. Greenhalgh;Thomas A. Fiducia;Tushar Shimpi;Walajabad Sampath;Kurt L. Barth;John M. Walls;Jake W. Bowers;
Pages: 391 - 397
Abstract: Metastable behavior in highly efficient MZO/CdSeTe/ CdTe solar cells has been reported previously. Different preconditioning procedures have been studied that are used to recover the performance of the devices. 11 wt% of MgO content in the MZO layer has shown to give optimized photovoltaic parameters in the device compared to other MZO compositions. J–V characteristics before preconditioning of the devices with higher MgO content show an “S” shaped behavior, which is removed during preconditioning. However, this recovery remained only for 3 days while the devices were stored under vacuum in the dark. Temperature-dependent J–V and capacitance measurements before and after preconditioning revealed the presence of recombination centers and defect levels at the MZO/absorber interface. Previous studies have shown degradation of MZO occurring if the layer is exposed to ambient atmosphere. Hall effect measurements on the MZO films showed no significant changes after any preconditioning or CdCl2 treatment. Secondary-ion mass spectrometry images show diffusion of oxygen from the MZO layer into the CdSeTe region after CdCl2 treatments. This likely enables the MZO to function as a buffer layer since it will increase the carrier concentration due to the formation of oxygen vacancies. As-deposited MZO thin films are insulating. However, the oxygen vacancies in the MZO layer also increase its reactivity and instability.
PubDate: May 2023
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 3 (2023)
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- Thermal Stimulation of Reverse Breakdown in CIGS Solar Cells
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Authors: Timon Sebastian Vaas;Bart Elger Pieters;Andreas Gerber;Uwe Rau;
Pages: 398 - 403
Abstract: The underlying mechanisms of the initial stages of hot-spot and therefore defect creation due to reverse breakdown in Cu(In,Ga)S$text{e}_{2}$ solar cells are not well understood. We test the thesis, that permanent damage is created due to a positive feedback loop of local temperature enhancing the local current and vice versa, resulting in a thermal runaway. We present experiments on reverse stress with simultaneously introducing local heat. Depending on the temperature profile of the introduced heat, the local current density is enhanced and leads to a gain in the local temperature. This feedback loop is shown to lead to reverse breakdown, causing permanent damage.
PubDate: May 2023
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 3 (2023)
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- Design Perspective, Fabrication, and Performance Analysis of Formamidinium
Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cell-
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Authors: Raghvendra Shukla;Rashmi Ranjan Kumar;Deepak Punetha;Saurabh Kumar Pandey;
Pages: 404 - 410
Abstract: Lead free perovskites have drawn considerable attention in last few years. Tin (Sn) have potential to replace lead (Pb), however Sn4+ caused by oxidation of Sn deteriorates the solar cell performance. In this article, we have presented the design and fabrication of FASnI3 solar cell and analyze the impact of various parameters on the efficiency of cell module. In addition, we have used solvent engineering with SnF2 as a blockage of Sn4+. We have achieved 6.01% efficiency with fabricated device using FASnI3 as an active layer. Furthermore, the roles of the defect, interface, contact work function, and charge selecting layer on the efficiency of device have been rigorously investigated. With optimized process parameters, the device efficiency can be further improved up to 18.76%
PubDate: May 2023
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 3 (2023)
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- Understanding Improved Performance of Vacuum-Deposited All Small-Molecule
Organic Solar Cells Upon Postprocessing Thermal Treatment-
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Authors: Suresh Madduri;Vaibhavi GKodange;Sai Santosh Kumar Raavi;Shiv Govind Singh;
Pages: 411 - 418
Abstract: An all-inclusive investigation of the effect of postprocessing thermal treatment on all vacuum-deposited small-molecule organic solar cells (SM-OSC) is presented. Herein, DTDCTB is chosen as the donor (D) molecule, and three fullerene-derivative acceptor (A) molecules, namely, ICBA, C70, and C60, are chosen for the study, and the devices were optimized for PV. As the first step, OSC cells were fabricated and characterized for photophysical, morphology, as well as various photovoltaic parameters, such as ${V}_{text{OC}}$, ${J}_{text{SC}}$, $FF,{rm{and }}eta $, and external quantum efficiency for different processing parameters, such as active layer concentration ratios and annealing temperatures. The devices based on ICBA were found to have outperformed the devices using C70 and C60. OSC devices using ICBA as an acceptor are chosen for further characterization to establish the role of thermal treatment on their device performance. To this, 1-diode Shockley equation modeling is employed, and a qualitative relationship between diode saturation current and thermal annealing is obtained. Additionally, the charge recombination dynamics of the binary bulk heterojunction systems were investigated using the light intensity-dependent J–V characteristics, and the role of annealing in the reduction of trap-assistance recombination was established that corroborates well with the obtained annealing-dependent morphology information from AFM measurement.
PubDate: May 2023
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 3 (2023)
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- Stable Device Architecture With Industrially Scalable Processes for
Realizing Efficient 784 cm2 Monolithic Perovskite Solar Modules-
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Authors: Tamara Merckx;Aranzazu Aguirre;Yinghuan Kuang;Arvid van der Heide;Ali Hajjiah;Yaser Abdulraheem;Anurag Krishna;Jef Poortmans;Tom Aernouts;
Pages: 419 - 421
Abstract: We demonstrate the scaling up of the perovskite photovoltaic technology with minimal performance losses by developing stable device architecture with industrially compatible processes. The monofacial (aperture area: 784 cm2) and bifacial (aperture area: 781 cm2) perovskite solar modules exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 13.1% and 11.9%, respectively. Moreover, the encapsulated bifacial mini-modules (aperture area: 4 cm2) retained ∼92% of initial PCE after 1000 h of damp heat test.
PubDate: May 2023
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 3 (2023)
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- Transfer-Length Method Measurements Under Variable Illumination to
Investigate Hole- Selective Passivating Contacts on c-Si(p) and c-Si(n)
Wafers-
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Authors: Laurie-Lou Senaud;Luca Antognini;Gabriel Christmann;Mathieu Boccard;Matthieu Despeisse;Christophe Ballif;Bertrand Paviet-Salomon;
Pages: 422 - 431
Abstract: In this article, transfer length method (TLM) measurements under variable illumination are applied to study p-type carrier selective passivating contacts (CSPCs) employed in the silicon heterojunction (SHJ) technology. In the case of p-type CSPCs deposited on p-type crystalline silicon (c-Si(p)) wafers, we demonstrate that illumination has a strong impact on the contact resistivity ($rho _{c}$) value, as demonstrated in our previous contribution in the case of n-type CSPCs on c-Si(n). Noticeably, it was again found that $rho _{c}$ increases and that the c-Si sheet resistance ($R_text{sh}$) decreases with the illumination. In addition, we demonstrate that $rho _{c}$ is impacted differently by illumination depending on the doping of the p-type thin hydrogenated silicon layer. Then, we investigate and discuss the applicability of TLM measurements under illumination to measure p-type CSPCs deposited on their inverse type c-Si(n) wafers. First, performing TLM measurement in dark conditions of such samples allow one to measure $R_text{sh}$ values with orders of magnitude corresponding to the c-Si(n) inversion layer one. Second, we demonstrate that under illumination, the lateral transport inside the c-Si(n) bulk is supported by the electrons thanks to two experimental evidences, i.e., that the $R_text{sh}$ behavior as a function of injection behaves as the one of electrons and that an electron transport inside the c-Si(n) wafer in the presence of two p-type CSPCs TLM pads can only be mediated thanks to photogeneration under one pad and recombinati-n under the other. These results provide additional understandings of the TLM measurement under illumination as well as strong insights for the investigation of carriers' transport and electrical losses in CSPCs solar cells.
PubDate: May 2023
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 3 (2023)
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- Estimation of the Effective Irradiance and Bifacial Gain for PV Arrays
Using the Maximum Power Current-
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Authors: Caio Felippe Abe;João Batista Dias;Gilles Notton;Ghjuvan-Antone Faggianelli;Guillaume Pigelet;David Ouvrard;
Pages: 432 - 441
Abstract: Bifacial photovoltaic modules are able to convert the solar radiation reaching their front and rear sides, which means that more electricity can be produced using the same array area as monofacial modules with similar ratings. In some locations, the cost per power unit for such a technology has already become cost-competitive with conventional monofacial modules. The so-called effective irradiance and the bifacial gain are useful metrics, respectively, to assess the solar resource and the performance of bifacial arrays. To calculate the effective irradiance, studies previously published employ rear-side irradiance measurements, whereas to compute the bifacial gain, other works make use of monofacial modules with rating similar to those of the bifacial modules under analysis. In this article, a straightforward method is presented, allowing to calculate the effective irradiance from the maximum power current, and to calculate the bifacial gain using a power scaling relation. The proposed method was experimentally tested using an outdoor platform with a dual-axis tracking system with bifacial modules. The effective irradiance was calculated using the novel method presented nRMSE of 2.88%, relative to the results obtained using the consolidated method. The bifacial gains obtained were 6.24% and 6.69%, respectively, using the proposed and traditional calculation methods. The procedure presented in this study might be useful for the quantification of the effective irradiance and the bifacial gain for PV installations, which do not have extensive monitoring hardware.
PubDate: May 2023
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 3 (2023)
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- Particle-Size-Dependent Analysis of the Impact of Temperature, Humidity,
and Tilt Angle on Soiling-
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Authors: Muhammad Zahid Khan;Ali Manzar;Guido Willers;Volker Naumann;Christian Hagendorf;Ralph Gottschalg;Klemens Ilse;
Pages: 442 - 449
Abstract: Natural soiling—the deposition of dust onto surfaces—is a very complex problem and influenced by different factors, such as weather conditions, dust type, or surface properties. To investigate the individual impact of various factors and parameters, laboratory and outdoor soiling tests were performed for uncoated glass samples and glass samples with an antisoiling coating. For this, an advanced experimental setup was used operating at controlled environmental conditions. A detailed microscopic investigation with particle size analysis was performed to better understand the underlying physics of soiling effects and its influencing parameters, including relative humidity, surface temperature, tilt angle, and properties of the sample surface (i.e., glass coatings). Various effects were identified, which must not be neglected for correct interpretation of soiling test results. The article shows that particle rebound, natural convection, thermophoresis, capillary condensation, and adhesion properties of the surface have a substantial impact on soiling.
PubDate: May 2023
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 3 (2023)
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- Highly Accelerated UV Stress Testing for Transparent Flexible Frontsheets
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Authors: Michael D. Kempe;Peter Hacke;Joshua Morse;Michael Owen-Bellini;Derek Holsapple;Trevor Lockman;Samantha Hoang;David Okawa;Tamir Lance;Hoi Hong Ng;
Pages: 450 - 460
Abstract: For flexible photovoltaic (PV) applications, the dominant material for the frontsheet is poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene). As a fluoropolymer, it resists soiling by letting the water run off easily, is resistant to degradation by exposure to ultraviolet light, and is more mechanically durable than most fluoropolymers. To keep costs down, less expensive alternative polymers are desirable. In this study, highly accelerated ultraviolet light and heat stresses are applied to candidate materials, and the degradation kinetics are determined to provide information to evaluate their suitability for use in a PV application. Because of the uncertainty in service life prediction, the acceleration parameters are instead used primarily to evaluate the relevance of the applied stresses. Here, we find that the best materials are fluoropolymer based and that even when exposed to high irradiance at high temperatures, relatively little degradation is seen. For the 15 materials tested here, we found the Arrhenius activation energy for various degradation processes to be 39 ± 22 kJ/mol with a power law dependence on irradiance of 0.49 ± 0.22 with a negative correlation coefficient of −0.606 (i.e., more highly thermally activated processes are less dependent on the irradiance level). For frontside exposure, the most severe conditions used here (4 W/m2/nm @340 nm, 70 °C, for 4000 h) were on average equal to about 11.4 y in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia when mounted with insulation on the backside. Thus, to get relevant amounts of ultraviolet exposure with unmodified commercial equipment (∼0.8 W/m2/nm @340 nm) requires extraordinarily long exposure times, especially if conducted at lower irradiance levels.
PubDate: May 2023
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 3 (2023)
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- Data-Driven Soiling Detection in PV Modules
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Authors: Alexandros Kalimeris;Ioannis Psarros;Giorgos Giannopoulos;Manolis Terrovitis;George Papastefanatos;Gregory Kotsis;
Pages: 461 - 466
Abstract: Soiling is the accumulation of dirt in solar panels that leads to a decreasing trend in solar energy yield and may be the cause of vast revenue losses. The effect of soiling can be reduced by washing the panels, which is, however, a procedure of non-negligible cost. Moreover, soiling monitoring systems are often unreliable or very costly. We study the problem of estimating the soiling ratio in photovoltaic (PV) modules, i.e., the ratio of the real power output to the power output that would be produced if solar panels were clean. A key advantage of our algorithms is that they estimate soiling, without needing to train on labeled data, i.e., periods of explicitly monitoring the soiling in each park, and without relying on generic analytical formulas that do not take into account the peculiarities of each installation. We consider as input a time series comprising a minimum set of measurements that are available to most PV park operators. Our experimental evaluation shows that we significantly outperform current state-of-the-art methods for estimating soiling ratio.
PubDate: May 2023
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 3 (2023)
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- Performance Analysis of Spectrum-Dependent Integrated
Thermal–Electrical Model of a PV Module-
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Authors: Honey Brahma;Nabin Sarmah;
Pages: 467 - 475
Abstract: The diurnal and seasonal changes in the solar spectrum affect the photovoltaic (PV) module performance. In this article, the transient solar spectrum was integrated with the thermal–electrical model of the PV module for precise estimation of diurnal and seasonal PV performance. The transient meteorological parameters were considered for determining the dynamic power output of the PV. The SMARTSv2.9.5, COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were used for modeling different sections and integrated throughout. The cell temperature and power output were obtained and experimentally validated for various seasons. The statistical errors, such as mean absolute error (MAE), mean relative error, and root-mean-square error (RMSE) values, and the coefficient of determination (R2) value were calculated for the developed model during various seasons. The RMSE of back surface temperature and power output from monocrystalline ranges from 1.67 to 2.59 °C and 1.83 to 2.92 W, respectively, and the same for polycrystalline PV module ranges from 1.93 to 2.29 °C and 1.70 to 3.63 W, respectively. The MAE of the Isc and Voc ranges between 0.10 and 0.29 A and 0.41 and 0.58 V, respectively, for monocrystalline, 0.13–0.43 A and 0.39–0.52 V, respectively, for polycrystalline PV modules. The present model is a simple integration and uses basic mathematical equations and parameters to predict the PV outputs.
PubDate: May 2023
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 3 (2023)
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- Key Determinants of Solar Share in Solar- and Wind-Driven Grids
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Authors: Adam Jay Dvorak;Marta Victoria;
Pages: 476 - 483
Abstract: Solar PV is already the cheapest option to produce electricity in many world regions. Moreover, the price of utility-scale solar power plants in 2050, while highly uncertain, will decrease further with present-day learning rates and projected solar capacities. In this article, we analyze how possible future costs of solar and other characteristics affect the optimal share of electricity demand supplied by solar in different energy systems. We first use a simplified, open, hourly resolved, copper-plate model for four isolated regions, with only wind and solar generation and storage allowed, to identify the core dynamics while sweeping the cost of solar. Using this model, we show that future cost assumptions of utility solar affect energy systems in regions with comparable solar and wind potential compared to regions with much stronger solar or much stronger wind potential. Then, we use a multicountry, networked, sector-coupled model of the European energy system (PyPSA-Eur-Sec) to analyze not only the effect of solar characteristics in a comprehensive energy system, but also how our model assumptions themselves affect the optimal share of solar. We find that assumptions of system properties, such as transmission or sector-coupling can greatly affect the optimal solar penetration at the country level.
PubDate: May 2023
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 3 (2023)
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- Corrections to ‘‘Thermal Impact of Rear Insulation, Light Trapping,
and Parasitic Absorption in Solar Modules’’-
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Authors: Nicholas P. Irvin;D. Martínez Escobar;Aaron Wheeler;Richard R. King;Christiana B. Honsberg;Sarah R. Kurtz;
Pages: 484 - 485
Abstract: In the above paper, there were errors in digitizing the spectral irradiance and extinction coefficient arrays. With the spectral irradiance fixed to the tabulated AM1.5G standard, the full-spectrum absorptance of GaAs changes by 2%. This change is on the order of the uncertainty of reflectance measurements. Furthermore, this change can be balanced by a proportional increase in the convection coefficient, leading to no visible changes to most figures. However, in the last two figures, there were changes on the order of 1%–3% for reflectance and 1 °C for modeled temperatures. This error is commensurate with the sample-to-sample variability in the extinction coefficients. Finally, the original abstract should be updated to “In Si modules, light trapping more than doubles the parasitic absorption of encapsulation layers, limiting the maximum sub-bandgap reflection to 66%. Higher values require thorough optimization of front, bulk, and rear layers, but could lower operating temperatures by up to 11 °C for insulated Si modules.” In the uncorrected abstract, the maximum sub-bandgap reflection was stated to be 63%, and the potential change in temperatures was stated to be 12 °C.
PubDate: May 2023
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 3 (2023)
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- Call for Papers for a Special Issue of IEEE Transactions on Electron
Devices on “Wide and Ultrawide Band Gap Semiconductor Devices for RF and
Power Applications”-
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Pages: 486 - 487
PubDate: May 2023
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 3 (2023)
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- Call for Papers for a Special Issue of IEEE Transactions on Electron
Devices on “Semiconductor Device Modeling for Circuit and System
Design”-
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Pages: 488 - 489
PubDate: May 2023
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 3 (2023)
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- Role of Solar Cells in Global Energy Transformation
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Pages: 490 - 491
PubDate: May 2023
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 3 (2023)
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- TechRxiv: Share Your Preprint Research with the World!
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Pages: 492 - 492
PubDate: May 2023
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 3 (2023)
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