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Ornithology Research
Number of Followers: 3  Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)ISSN (Online) 2662-673X Published by Springer-Verlag  [2468 journals]
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- Bromeliad water-drinking birds in Brazil: outline based on a citizen
science platform-
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Abstract: Abstract Bromeliads are ubiquitous and species-rich plants in the Atlantic Forest in Brazil, which hold water available for bird-drinking. Herein, we list and illustrate bromeliad water-drinking birds recorded by Brazilian citizen scientists and available at the public platform Wiki Aves. We found photographic records of 36 bird species in the platform. The records indicate that bromeliads as water source for birds originate entirely from the Atlantic Forest, as previously found in the scientific literature. Records of bromeliad water-drinking birds in north-western Brazil are absent from the platform, but there are records from north-eastern and southern Brazil, regions undetected in the scientific literature search. Literature and the present records of bromeliad-drinking birds in Brazil comprise 42 species in 15 families to date, of which 10 are non-passerines and the remaining ones are passerines. Based on previous research, expected bird species were in Ramphastidae, Picidae, Cotingidae, Tyrannidae, Turdidae, and Thraupidae, whereas unforeseen bird species include Psittacidae, Tytiridae, Rhynchocyclidae, Vireonidae, Mimidae, Fringillidae, and Icteridae. Amazonian bromeliad-drinking birds are still lacking, despite bromeliad richness in this biome. However, it should be noted that Amazon Forest harbour lower bromeliad species-richness than the Atlantic Forest. Additional search in citizen science databases and fieldwork are needed to fill this gap.
PubDate: 2023-09-27
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- Temporal beta diversity of bird species using the point count method
indicates predominance of turnover over nestedness in an Atlantic Forest
site-
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Abstract: Abstract Morning is the ideal period for sampling bird communities in tropical forests, but there is a vocal decline in birds over time. We investigate the variation in species richness and composition between six morning periods in a tropical rainforest in Brazil and the implication of this decline on the adaptability of the point count method. The study aimed to optimize the point count method, evaluating how many points are needed to obtain satisfactory species richness and composition data. The results showed that the first four periods of 15 min after sunrise are the most effective as they cover more than 96% of total species richness, with a peak in species richness in the second and third periods. However, taxonomic composition showed an average beta diversity of 28.1% among the morning periods, with turnover dominating over nestedness. The later morning periods added only a small number of new species, with some species having associations with specific time periods. Thus, the most important sampling range for ornithologists interested in species richness is the first four periods, corresponding to a total duration of 1 h and 45 min after sunrise. However, a researcher interested to investigate species composition, where habitat species composition is desired or the recording of specific species, a longer stay in the field is indicated, because the longer the time spent in the field, the greater the chances of recording locally rare species.
PubDate: 2023-09-25
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- Diet of birds: assessing the stomach contents of some Neotropical species
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Abstract: Abstract The diet of a species is directly related to its physiological, morphological, and behavioral adaptations. So, studies of vertebrate diet are important for understanding its natural history and elucidating its intra- and interspecific interactions. The objective of this study was to classify the diets of some Neotropical birds. Each diet was determined by analyzing the stomach contents of the collected individuals. We analyzed the stomachs of 46 individuals belonging to 31 species of 16 families. We identified 2148 food items, of which 1761 were vegetables (seeds and fruits) and 389 were arthropods. The most consumed animal group was Coleoptera (49.1%), followed by Hemiptera (20.8%) and Hymenoptera (non-Formicidae) (16.7%). Species with exclusively arthropod diets were the majority. Only two species were exclusively frugivorous, while seven were mainly frugivorous with arthropods as a secondary food source, and four were mainly insectivorous with fruits as a secondary food source.
PubDate: 2023-09-19
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- Unusual aggregations of immature Chaco eagles (Buteogallus coronatus) in
northern Argentina-
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Abstract: Abstract Birds can spatially aggregate in order to exploit food resources or to avoid predators, thus increasing their chances of survival. Raptors are usually solitary and territorial, but some species may aggregate for colonial breeding, roosting, or to join large flocks during migration. The Chaco eagle (Buteogallus coronatus) is one of the rarest and most threatened raptors in the Neotropical region, being enlisted as “Endangered” and with an estimated population of less than 1000 individuals. It presents low-density populations and it inhabits fragmented environments. Furthermore, after the only fledgling achieves independence, it may traverse hundreds of kilometers during natal dispersal, being very difficult to track in the field. In fact, there are not many records of immature Chaco eagles at online databases of bird observations (e.g., eBird), and only two of them show more than one individual at the same time. Here we present four records where more than one Chaco eagle immature was seen at the same place and time, in Santa Fe province (northern Argentina). In all cases, individuals were not interacting negatively (i.e., agonistic behavior) with each other, which suggests that immatures of this species may tolerate close presence of conspecifics during aggregations, although the ultimate causes of this behavior need to be further studied. Moreover, the fact that this region constitutes one of the most important areas for the conservation of the Chaco eagle calls for urgent research to determine the social and environmental factors contributing to individual aggregations such as the one described here.
PubDate: 2023-09-05
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- On misinterpretations of the General Lineage Species Concept: a response
to Aleixo (2023)-
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Abstract: Abstract In a recent commentary in this journal, I argued that the General Lineage Species Concept has been misunderstood in Brazilian ornithology and that it has sometimes been misapplied in the influential checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee. One of the committee members has recently published an invited response to my commentary. Unfortunately, many of my arguments have been misrepresented in that response. Here I briefly address the claims that I consider to be misrepresentations of the content of my original commentary, and I clarify some topics of the discussion.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
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- Spatial distribution of the greater rhea, Rhea americana (Linnaeus, 1758),
in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil: citizen-science data, probabilistic
mapping, and comparison with expert knowledge-
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Abstract: Abstract The popularization of citizen-science platforms has increased the amount of data available in a fine spatial and temporal resolution, which can be used to fill distribution knowledge gaps through probabilistic maps. In this study, we gathered expert-based information and used species distribution models to produce two independent maps of the greater rhea (Rhea americana, Rheiformes, Rheidae) distribution in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We integrated municipality level detection/non-detection data from five citizen-science datasets into a Bayesian site occupancy model, accounting for false negatives, sampling effort, habitat covariates, and spatial autocorrelation. We addressed whether habitat (grassland and crop field cover, number of rural properties) and spatial autocorrelation explains the realized occurrence of the species and compared model-based and expert-based occurrence maps. The mean estimated percentage of occupied municipalities was 48% (239 out of 497 municipalities), whereas experts declared 21% of the municipalities (103) as occupied by the species. While both mapping approaches showed greater rhea presence in most municipalities of the Pampa biome, they disagreed in the majority of the municipalities in the Atlantic Forest, where more fieldwork must be undertaken. The greater rhea distribution was exclusively explained by the spatial autocorrelation component, suggesting that the species expanded its distribution towards the north of the state, reaching the Atlantic Forest, following deforestation and agriculture expansion.
PubDate: 2023-08-21
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- Bird communities are more functionally redundant in less disturbed
Araucaria forest-
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Abstract: Abstract Disturbed forests are increasingly common in tropical regions. Although the conservation value of these habitats has been highlighted, few studies have considered their potential in retaining biodiversity and ecosystem services. Therefore, in this study, we address how different levels of disturbance in Araucaria forests affect bird functional diversity. We used Rapid Ecological Assessment as a method to determine a disturbance gradient in Araucaria forest sites and evaluated how biotic integrity of vegetation was associated with alpha functional diversity (functional richness and functional dispersion). We recorded a total of 112 bird species in the eight Araucaria forest sites. Biotic integrity of vegetation ranged from 33.3 to 51.3. No association was found between functional richness and biotic integrity of vegetation. However, we found a negative association between biotic integrity of vegetation and functional dispersion, which indicates that bird communities in less disturbed forests sites are more functionally redundant than those communities in highly disturbed habitats. Overall, the studied disturbed Araucaria forest sites have great biodiversity value and should be considered in conservation strategies to guarantee bird taxonomic and functional diversity.
PubDate: 2023-08-04
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- Trophic ecology of Geranoaetus polyosoma and Tyto furcata in an Atacama
Desert agricultural landscape-
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Abstract: Abstract The diets of the variable hawk (Geranoaetus polyosoma) and the barn owl (Tyto furcata) have been previously reported for the Atacama Desert of northern Chile. However, their ecological interactions and their role in the control of invasive species are unknown. In this work, the diet and competitive interaction of both raptors in an agricultural landscape were evaluated. Both species consume a high proportion of rodents (26.3% and 63.3% respectively), particularly Rattus sp. (20.8% and 30.0% respectively), which represent the highest contribution to the biomass consumed (67.9% and 60.2% respectively). Geranoaetus polyosoma consumes reptiles such as Microlophus yanezi (11.7%) and invertebrates (42.7%), mainly Coleoptera (30.7%) and Decapoda (7.11%). On the other hand, Tyto furcata consumed native rodents as Oligoryzomys flavescens (7.13%) and Auliscomys boliviensis (6.22%) and marine birds nesting in the desert, as Oceanodroma markhami (0.55%). Both raptors hunt over wide geographic ranges from the coast to the highlands, in wetlands, agricultural and desert areas. Despite sharing 44% of the prey consumed, there is only moderate interspecific competition. We discuss the possible role of both raptors as controllers of the exotic invasive Rattus sp.
PubDate: 2023-07-25
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- Age-related changes in the temporal structure of song in the common
rosefinch Erythrina erythrina-
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Abstract: Abstract Bird species that have visual differences in plumage coloration between young and older males may also differ in their song parameters. We have studied the difference in song rate between yearlings vs. older males in the common rosefinch Erythrina erythrina, a species with delayed plumage maturation. Yearlings sang 2.3 more strophes per minute compared to older males, and the breaks between strophes were 1.3 s shorter in young males. The higher singing rate of yearling males is probably a form of compensation for lower age (male quality), which may be important in finding a mate or avoiding aggression from older males.
PubDate: 2023-07-25
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- Predation of the house mouse (Mus musculus) by the lesson’s motmot
(Momotus lessonii) in San José, Costa Rica-
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Abstract: Abstract We report the first record of predation of the house mouse (Mus musculus) by lesson’s motmot (Momotus lessonii). The sighting occurred in Barbacoas-Puriscal, San José, Costa Rica. This represents the first documented record of ecological relationships between these two species.
PubDate: 2023-07-18
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- Vocal similarity and differences in four species of the genus Anthus:
acoustic feature analysis of some common calls-
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Abstract: Abstract Birds of the same genus often share similar call repertoires; the aim of this paper is to find species-specific and common acoustic features across species. This can be a useful tool for identification purposes and for studying intra-interspecific communication. Similar flight calls (tsip) in two closely related species (Anthus pratensis, Anthus spinoletta) were studied to find characteristics that allow to discriminate the two species with acoustic means. Three different call types (tsip, soft, and alarm) of four species of the genus Anthus (A. pratensis, A. spinoletta, A. petrosus, A. cervinus) were also studied to find whether these common call types show different degrees of similarity. Discriminant function analysis correctly classified 98.4% of A. pratensis and A. spinoletta flight calls. Three acoustic parameters showed the highest discrimination power: the frequency modulations, the maximum frequency value and the minimum frequency value of the peak frequency contour. Using these three values, I proposed a simpler procedure for recognizing these two species that allowed a correct classification of 96% of calls. The three call types of the four Anthus species were studied using cross-correlation among spectrogram contours. Alarm calls of the four species showed stronger similarity, while the other call types were more distinctive, with soft call seeming to have a lower similarity between species and hence a higher distinctive power. These results suggest the hypothesis that alarm call is similar, because it retains features of a common ancestor easing heterospecific communication, while the other calls showed decreasing similarity and more species-specific features.
PubDate: 2023-07-06
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- Avian species diversity in three major forest types in part of northern
Eastern Ghats, Odisha, India-
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Abstract: Abstract We documented the forest avian species diversity (FASD) and tried to establish a relationship between FASD with different vegetation structure variables, e.g., tree density, herb density, shrub density, and canopy cover, along with disturbance levels in nine forest sampling sites (FSS) under three major types of forests, namely (1) tropical semi evergreen (TSE), (2) moist mixed deciduous, and (3) dry mixed deciduous (DMD) of Northern Eastern Ghats in Ganjam district, Odisha, India from January 2018 to December 2020. We identified 92 bird species under 13 orders, 38 families, and 71 genera. The highest bird diversity was found in TSE (84 species, 814 individuals out of 2158 recorded individuals in all three forest types, Shannon’s diversity index or H′= 4.207). This is attributed to rich vegetation and lower disturbance level. Least species were observed in DMD (70 species, 619 individuals, H′= 4.028). Predominance of insectivorous birds among the different types of feeding guilds was found among all forest types. Tree density was shown to be the only variable to positively correlate with species abundance in the study region (r2 = 0.99, P< 0.05), whereas the other vegetation structure variables did not. Continuous anthropogenic pressure, unchecked grazing, and deforestation are all major threats to the native avifauna in each FSS of the Ganjam district. The present study will help the community understand the value of forest avifauna in preserving forest ecosystems, which will ultimately lead to the protection of biodiversity.
PubDate: 2023-06-26
DOI: 10.1007/s43388-023-00137-1
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- The environment and host effects on chewing lice prevalence, richness, and
abundance on birds in Turkey-
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Abstract: Abstract The prevalence, number of species, and individual numbers of chewing lice found on birds may vary depending on different biotic and abiotic factors. Studies detecting the effects of different conditions on chewing lice were carried out generally on bird species belonging to one order or family. In addition, there can be conflict concerning the ecological effects on chewing lice. In this study, 2101 individuals of fifty-nine different bird species were evaluated to identify the habitat, food guild, migration behavior, weight, wingspan, and length effects on chewing lice prevalence, species richness, and abundance. The highest prevalence was detected in urban-dwelling bird species. The highest lice richness was recorded on migratory bird species living in wetlands. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between wingspan and lice species. The most abundant lice were detected on resident wetland-dwelling bird species. It is thought that detailed studies should be carried out to explain not only host habitat effect on prevalence and abundance but also host body length and wingspan on the abundance and richness.
PubDate: 2023-06-20
DOI: 10.1007/s43388-023-00133-5
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- Temporal changes on the avifauna of State University of Londrina campus,
northern of Paraná-
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Abstract: Abstract Human impacts over landscape drive substantial changes in bird composition. Here we compared the current bird community in the State University of Londrina campus (UEL) with that recorded 17 years ago. The UEL campus presents six environment types: forest, scattered groups of trees, aquatic (Ribeirão Esperança and water tanks), shrub, and open area (which includes plantations). We followed the same field procedures used in a previous study and found changes in bird species composition even that species richness remains similar along the sampling periods. We grouped the recorded bird species into two ecological groups, specialists and generalists, and two taxonomy groups, non-Passeriformes and Passeriformes. There were no changes in the proportion of specialists/generalists between the two time periods; however, difference was found between non-Passeriformes/Passeriformes. Higher proportion of non-Passeriformes occurred in UEL 17 years earlier and higher proportion of Passeriformes was found nowadays. We suggest that two highlighted transformations in UEL campus affected these changes in bird composition. One is the development of a shrub into a more structured secondary forest and the other one is deactivation of a fish farming project, which made the water tanks dry along the time period, affecting mostly the aquatic non-Passeriformes. The results of this study demonstrate how general modifications in the landscape can affect local avifauna.
PubDate: 2023-06-14
DOI: 10.1007/s43388-023-00135-3
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- Nesting of birds associated with social wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) in
Brazilian Cerrado-
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Abstract: Abstract The nesting of birds associated with social wasps (Vespidae: Polistinae) is considered a form offspring protection against attacks by predators. This study aims to document the nesting of birds associated with social wasps in the Brazilian Cerrado. The records occurred in September and November 2022, in Cerrado area, Grande Sertão Veredas National Park, north of Minas Gerais. We recorded three nestings between birds and social wasps, the first nesting record of Ramphocelus carbo (Palias, 1764) associated with Brachygastra lecheguana (Latreille, 1804), and Tolmomyias sulphurescens (Spix, 1825) with Protonectarin sylveveirae (Saussure, 1854). In addition to these, we also recorded the nesting of an unidentified bird with Polybia ruficeps Schrottky, 1902.
PubDate: 2023-06-13
DOI: 10.1007/s43388-023-00136-2
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- Publisher Correction: Breeding biology of the helmeted guineafowl (Numida
meleagris meleagris, Linnaeus 1758) in Western Ethiopia-
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PubDate: 2023-06-08
DOI: 10.1007/s43388-023-00134-4
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- Understanding the impact of climate change on the habitat of the
rufous-necked hornbill (Aceros nipalensis) (Hodgson, 1829) using MaxEnt
modeling in Bhutan-
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Abstract: Abstract Climate change and anthropogenic activities such as deforestation, forest fires, and land use change are serious threats to faunal and avian species including their habitat and population. Using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) modeling, this study assessed the current and future suitable habitats of the rufous-necked hornbill (Aceros nipalensis) under SSP1-2.6 and SSP3-7 climate scenarios for 2021–2040 and 2061–2080 in Bhutan. The impact of climate change on species’s habitat was evaluated using 158 occurrence points collected as presence-only data and the environmental covariates obtained from www.worldclim.org. ENM-evaluate was conducted in R to obtain MaxEnt settings and bias files. A total of 10,000 background points with a regularization multiplier of 1 and linear and quadratic features were selected to build a model in MaxEnt software. A large area of Bhutan is predicted as an unsuitable habitat, accounting for 70.61% (27,100 km2), and only 29.39% (11,284.7 km2) is predicted as a suitable habitat area, with 9197.19 km2 outside of the protected area. The annual mean temperature has a significant influence (54.1%) on the model, followed by elevation (13.1%) and the least by slope (1.5%). The suitable area is expected to decline from 3.3% (1278.32 km2) under SSP1-2.6 to 1.42% (549.54 km2) under SSP3-7 in 2021–2040 and 2061–2080, respectively. The study also found that the present suitable habitat will shift towards the southeast in the future. The results of the study call for the relevant agencies to implement projects in suitable areas to protect the habitats of the rufous-necked hornbill and conserve the species. The inclusion of variables such as distance from the settlement, road, and river is recommended for future studies.
PubDate: 2023-06-07
DOI: 10.1007/s43388-023-00130-8
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- Breeding biology of the helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris meleagris,
Linnaeus 1758) in Western Ethiopia-
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Abstract: Abstract The study investigated the breeding season, nest site selection, clutch size, egg morphometry, and breeding performance of wild helmeted guineafowl (Numida m. meleagris) in the Arjo-Didessa River Valley Area, Western Ethiopia. Breeding data were collected during the 2018 and 2019 breeding periods. Its breeding ecology was studied by active nest monitoring techniques. Nest searches were carried out through intensive ground surveys using behavioral cues and systematically structured searching plots across the four habitat categories: grassland, farmland, forest, and riverine habitats. Egg morphometry measurement was examined using a portable vernier caliper (range: 0–150 mm, accuracy: 0.001 mm) and a digital balance (range: 2000 g × 0.1 g). Breeding performance was estimated as the percentage proportion of nests and eggs in a population sample that was successful in producing hatchlings. The active breeding season of helmeted guineafowl was from early June through late September when intensive egg-laying was observed. A total of 17 active nests comprising 207 eggs were located and monitored throughout the study period. Nests were located at a mean altitude of 1565.50 ± 270.50 m a.s.l. (range: 1295–1836). Most of the nests were observed in grassland (41.18%), followed by farmland (35.29%) and woodland forest (23.53%) habitats. No nest was recorded in the riverine areas. The species nest on the ground and prefer breeding areas scantily lined with essential vegetation cover. There was a statistically significant difference between habitat vegetation features and nesting site preferences of the species (P < 0.05). Helmeted guineafowl build nests with grass (45.39%), leaves (27.82%), feathers (11.46%), straw (8.95%), and other nesting constituents (6.38%) including dry weeds and lianas. Poaceae and Combretaceae were the most commonly used plants to construct nests. The mean clutch size of the species was 12.18 ± 4.40 (range: 5–19). The eggs were white creamy and sharp-shaped, with a mean egg shape index value of 60.36 ± 0.83 mm. The mean egg length, egg width, and egg weight of the species were 27.33 ± 0.19 mm, 16.44 ± 0.11 mm, and 43.42 ± 0.34 g, respectively. Its mean egg volume was 37.67 mm3. The breeding performance of helmeted guineafowl in the area was moderate with overall breeding (64.71%) and hatching (66.67%) successes. Its mean incubation period was 28.50 ± 1.83 (range: 25–32) days. The breeding performances of helmeted guineafowl varied between nesting habitats, by which the highest (100%) and lowest (50%) breeding success were recorded in the woodland forests and farmland areas, respectively. The breeding and hatching success of the species in the study area were highly influenced by human disturbance, abandonment, predation, and illegal egg collection activities. Further research and conservation efforts are, therefore, essential to understanding the post-fledging successes and maintaining the breeding and foraging areas which could enhance the breeding performance of the species and hence its conservation.
PubDate: 2023-05-30
DOI: 10.1007/s43388-023-00132-6
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- Lizards in the diet of the barn owl, based on pellets from a protected
area in southeastern Brazil-
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Abstract: Abstract We analyzed 1209 fragments of reptile bones found in pellets of Tyto furcata to report the species composing the owl’s diet. The pellets were collected in an abandoned house at the Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba (PARNA Jurubatiba), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The fragments were identified at the species level through comparisons with literature data and specimens deposited in the herpetological collection of Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ). We identified three lizard species among the fragments: two diurnal (Gymnodactylus darwinii and Tropidurus torquatus) and one nocturnal (Hemidactylus mabouia). We argue that the barn owl might not have a strictly nocturnal activity period, as commonly stated in most studies focused on this species. This represents the first effort to identify reptile species on the diet of Tyto furcata, based on its pellets, being the first record of predation of these three lizard species by T. furcata.
PubDate: 2023-04-28
DOI: 10.1007/s43388-023-00128-2
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- First documented records of white-faced storm-petrel Pelagodroma marina
for Uruguay-
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Abstract: Abstract The white-faced storm-petrel Pelagodroma marina is a species with a wide distribution range in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. In Uruguay, the sole citation of the species was made in 1894 based on two sightings without tangible evidence, suggesting a hypothetical occurrence. The species was photographed on 20 and 25 July 2022 in Uruguayan waters, 170 km off the Uruguayan coast, foraging alongside hundreds of Wilson’s storm-petrel Oceanites oceanicus and other Procellariiformes. This constitutes the first documented records of the white-faced storm-petrel for Uruguay.
PubDate: 2023-04-03
DOI: 10.1007/s43388-023-00126-4
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