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The Auk: A Quarterly Journal of Ornithology
Journal Prestige (SJR): 1.179  Citation Impact (citeScore): 2 Number of Followers: 46  Subscription journalISSN (Print) 0004-8038 - ISSN (Online) 1938-4254 Published by American Ornithologists Union [1 journal] |
- Thank You to the Reviewers of the 2023 Ornithology, Volume 140
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First page: ukad044
PubDate: Sat, 09 Sep 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukad044
Issue No: Vol. 140, No. 4 (2023)
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- 2023 AOS Ralph W. Schreiber Conservation Awards to Lisa Sorenson and
Stanley Senner-
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First page: ukad041
Abstract: Lisa Sorenson
PubDate: Thu, 07 Sep 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukad041
Issue No: Vol. 140, No. 4 (2023)
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- 2023 AOS Marion Jenkinson service award to James Rivers
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First page: ukad042
Abstract: James River
PubDate: Tue, 29 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukad042
Issue No: Vol. 140, No. 4 (2023)
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- 2023 AOS Elliott Coues Award to Gregory F. Ball and Jacques Balthazart
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First page: ukad040
Abstract: Jacques Balthazart (left) and Gregory F. Ball (right).
PubDate: Tue, 29 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukad040
Issue No: Vol. 140, No. 4 (2023)
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- 2023 AOS William Brewster Memorial Award to Cristina Yumi Miyaki and Maren
Vitousek-
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First page: ukad039
Abstract: Cristina Yumi Miyaki
PubDate: Tue, 29 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukad039
Issue No: Vol. 140, No. 4 (2023)
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- 2023 AOS Florence Merriam Bailey Award to Allison E. Huysman
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First page: ukad043
Abstract: Allison E. Huysman
PubDate: Sat, 26 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukad043
Issue No: Vol. 140, No. 4 (2023)
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- Walter J. Bock, 1933–2022
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First page: ukad034
PubDate: Sat, 19 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukad034
Issue No: Vol. 140, No. 4 (2023)
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- The Bird Name Book: A History of English Bird Names
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First page: ukad036
Abstract: The Bird Name Book: A History of English Bird Names by MyersSusan. 2022. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA. pp. 106 color illustrations, 88 color photographs. $39.95 (hardcover). ISBN 9780691235691.
PubDate: Fri, 11 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukad036
Issue No: Vol. 140, No. 4 (2023)
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- Climate change outpaces adaptive potential via hybridization in nesting
female Saltmarsh and Nelson’s Sparrows-
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First page: ukad037
Abstract: AbstractHybridization and introgression can promote adaptive potential and evolutionary resilience in response to increased pressures of climate change; they can also disrupt local adaptation and lead to outbreeding depression. We investigated female fitness consequences of hybridization in two sister species that are endemic to a threatened tidal marsh ecosystem: Saltmarsh (Ammospiza caudacutus) and Nelson’s (Ammospiza nelsoni) sparrows. We found increasing nest flooding rates due to rising sea levels are outpacing potential adaptive benefits of hybridization due to very low overall nesting success in both the Nelson’s and Saltmarsh sparrows. In the center of the hybrid zone across two years, we determined the success of 201 nests of 104 pure and admixed Saltmarsh and Nelson’s Sparrow females, genotyped using a panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from double digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing. We evaluated 5 metrics of female fitness and modeled nesting success in relation to genotypic, environmental, and nesting characteristics. We found differential fitness among Saltmarsh, Nelson’s, and hybrid females, such that birds with predominantly Saltmarsh Sparrow alleles had higher reproductive success than birds with predominantly Nelson’s Sparrows alleles, and hybrids were intermediate. Fledging success increased with two known tidal marsh nesting adaptations: nest height and nesting synchrony with tidal cycles. We found a positive relationship between hybrid index and fitness in daily nest survival in 2016, but not in 2017, likely due to differing levels of precipitation and nest flooding between years. The strongest and most consistent predictors of daily nest survival were nesting synchrony with lunar tidal flooding cycles and daily maximum tide height. Fitness patterns suggest that there may be an adaptive benefit of interspecific geneflow for the Nelson’s Sparrow at the detriment of the Saltmarsh Sparrow; however, flooding rates are so high in many years they mask any fitness differences between the species, and all females had poor nesting success, regardless of genetic makeup.
PubDate: Sat, 05 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukad037
Issue No: Vol. 140, No. 4 (2023)
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- Reproductive roles as likely drivers of sexual dimorphism in New
Zealand’s endangered mountain parrot, the Kea-
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First page: ukad038
Abstract: AbstractNew Zealand’s endangered mountain parrot, the Kea (Nestor notabilis), exhibits moderate male-biased sexual size dimorphism in linear body measurements (~5%) and a pronounced dimorphism in bill size (12–14%). Using stable isotope analyses of carbon and nitrogen in Kea feathers and blood sampled from a significant portion (~10%) of the extant population, we determined that Kea bill dimorphism may be an ecologically selected trait that enhances male Kea’s ability to forage at a higher trophic level in order to provision females and offspring during nesting. Sexual dimorphism can arise through sexual selection, ecological drivers, or a combination of both. Ecological selection is associated with foraging niche divergence between the sexes to reduce inter-sexual competition or due to differing dietary needs associated with reproductive role. Despite the widespread occurrence of sexual dimorphism throughout the animal kingdom, empirical evidence for ecological causation is rare. We conducted the first molecular confirmation of sexual size dimorphism in Kea. We then employed Bayesian mixing models to explore potential correlations between diet and bill size to determine whether the dimorphism is linked to diet partitioning throughout all age classes (fledgling, juvenile, subadult, and adult). Female Kea foraged at a consistent, relatively low, trophic level throughout their lifetime, whereas male trophic level increased with age to a maximum at subadult stage, prior to breeding for the first time—a time in which males may have been actively learning extractive foraging techniques associated with a high protein diet. Adult males foraged at a high trophic level relative to all groups except subadult males. As males provision females on the nest, which in turn provision young, these results highlight that the evolution of morphology and reproductive output may be linked in circuitous ways.
PubDate: Sat, 05 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukad038
Issue No: Vol. 140, No. 4 (2023)
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- Considerations for fitting occupancy models to data from eBird and similar
volunteer-collected data-
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First page: ukad035
Abstract: AbstractAn occupancy model makes use of data that are structured as sets of repeated visits to each of many sites, in order to estimate the actual probability of occupancy (i.e. proportion of occupied sites) after correcting for imperfect detection using the information contained in the sets of repeated observations. We explore the conditions under which preexisting, volunteer-collected data from the citizen science project eBird can be used for fitting occupancy models. Because the majority of eBird’s data are not collected in the form of repeated observations at individual locations, we explore 2 ways in which the single-visit records could be used in occupancy models. First, we assess the potential for space-for-time substitution: aggregating single-visit records from different locations within a region into pseudo-repeat visits. On average, eBird’s observers did not make their observations at locations that were representative of the habitat in the surrounding area, which would lead to biased estimates of occupancy probabilities when using space-for-time substitution. Thus, the use of space-for-time substitution is not always appropriate. Second, we explored the utility of including data from single-visit records to supplement sets of repeated-visit data. In a simulation study we found that inclusion of single-visit records increased the precision of occupancy estimates, but only when detection probabilities are high. When detection probability was low, the addition of single-visit records exacerbated biases in estimates of occupancy probability. We conclude that subsets of data from eBird, and likely from similar projects, can be used for occupancy modeling either using space-for-time substitution or supplementing repeated-visit data with data from single-visit records. The appropriateness of either alternative will depend on the goals of a study and on the probabilities of detection and occupancy of the species of interest.
PubDate: Sun, 23 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukad035
Issue No: Vol. 140, No. 4 (2023)
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- Similar parasite communities but dissimilar infection patterns in two
closely related chickadee species-
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First page: ukad033
Abstract: AbstractHemosporidian parasite communities are broadly similar in Boulder County, Colorado, between two common songbirds––the Black-capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) and Mountain Chickadee (Poecile gambeli). However, Mountain Chickadees appear more likely to be infected with Plasmodium and potentially experience higher infection burdens with Leucocytozoon in contrast to Black-capped Chickadees. We found that elevation change (and associated ecology) drives the distributions of these parasite genera. For Boulder County chickadees, environmental factors play a more important role in structuring hemosporidian communities than host evolutionary differences. However, evolutionary differences are likely key to shaping the probability of infection, infection burden, and whether an infection remains detectable over time. We found that for recaptured birds, their infection status (i.e. presence or absence of detectable parasite infection) tends to remain consistent across capture periods. We sampled 235 chickadees between 2017 and 2021 across a ~1,500-m elevation gradient from low elevation (i.e. the city of Boulder) to comparatively high elevation (i.e. the CU Boulder Mountain Research Station). It is unknown whether long-term hemosporidian abundance trends have changed over time in our sampling region. However, we ask whether potentially disparate patterns of Plasmodium susceptibility and Leucocytozoon infection burden could be playing a role in the negative population trends of Mountain Chickadees.
PubDate: Fri, 14 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukad033
Issue No: Vol. 140, No. 4 (2023)
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- Local food availability and nonbreeding carry-over effects affect breeding
propensity and success of a tundra-nesting predator, the Long-tailed
Jaeger-
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First page: ukad032
Abstract: AbstractReproduction of long-distance migrants can be affected by local conditions on the breeding grounds as well as those encountered during the nonbreeding season through carry-over effects. We show that this is true in Long-tailed Jaegers (Stercorarius longicaudus) because individuals that spent less time flying at sea during winter had a high breeding propensity and a reduced pre-laying interval, but breeding propensity and nesting success were also positively associated with food abundance at the breeding site. This seabird switches from a marine to a terrestrial lifestyle to breed in summer in the Arctic, where it primarily feeds on lemmings. We monitored jaeger reproduction and lemming densities on Bylot Island in the Canadian Arctic for 16 years, and we used geolocator to study annual movements. We assessed whether movement parameters (travel distance, migration duration, phenology, and number of flying bouts inferred by saltwater immersions) during the nonbreeding season affected the breeding propensity, phenology, and success of individuals. We also examined whether cyclic lemming fluctuations influenced Long-tailed Jaeger reproduction and whether nesting success affected the phenology of their outbound migration. We found that increased time spent flying during winter and early arrival at the breeding site reduced breeding propensity. Moreover, spending less time flying during winter shortened the pre-laying period, and advancing laying date increased nesting success. Birds may thus face a trade-off to minimize the relative costs associated with arriving too early and breeding too late. Local food availability had a strong effect on reproduction because breeding propensity and nesting success increased sharply with lemming abundance. Failed breeders advanced their outbound migration by 10 days on average compared to successful ones, but migration duration was similar. Therefore, the unpredictability of the highly seasonal Arctic environment, especially fluctuating food abundance, appears to be a strong driver of reproduction that can modulate the strength of carry-over effects.
PubDate: Mon, 10 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukad032
Issue No: Vol. 140, No. 4 (2023)
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- DNA metabarcoding reveals rangewide variation in aquatic diet of a
riparian avian insectivore, the Prothonotary Warbler-
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First page: ukad031
Abstract: AbstractRiparian avian insectivores not only depend on terrestrial insect prey but also benefit from the inclusion of aquatic prey during critical life-history periods. Diets identified herein show that Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea) nestlings were provisioned with aquatic prey throughout the breeding season across their range, but with variation in prey frequency of occurrence and taxonomy. Anthropogenic activity and climate change may impact the trophic link especially between aquatic and riparian habitats by altering the presence, abundance, and timing of prey availability. Thus, we used DNA metabarcoding of fecal samples to quantify the frequency of occurrence of nestling diet items at 9 sites across their breeding range that differed in expected aquatic prey consumption. We analyzed spatial and temporal differences in the occurrence and multivariate diet assemblages of each prey source. Lepidoptera was the predominant terrestrial prey occurring in diets across space and time, whereas emergent aquatic insects and freshwater mollusks in aquatic diet exhibited greater variation. The frequency of emergent aquatic prey occurrence in nestling diets ranged from 61% to 100% across sites and was greater for early-season nestlings. The seasonal decrease in aquatic prey consumption indicates a potential temporal shift in the nutritional landscape from aquatic to terrestrial prey sources and a possible nutritional phenological mismatch for early nestlings as climate change advances the timing of insect emergence. Our findings also suggest that Prothonotary Warblers respond to environmental variability by consuming alternative prey and argue for future research investigating the extent to which shifting diets have nutritional consequences for riparian nestlings.
PubDate: Mon, 10 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukad031
Issue No: Vol. 140, No. 4 (2023)
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- Elevational differences in migration phenology of Lazuli Buntings do not
support selection-based hypotheses for protandry-
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First page: ukad030
Abstract: AbstractDocumenting and understanding sex-specific variation in migratory phenology is important for predicting avian population dynamics. In spring, males often arrive on the breeding grounds before females (protandry), though whether these patterns result from fitness benefits vs. sex-specific constraints on arrival timing remains poorly understood. Sex-specific variation in the timing of fall migration is less well-documented than in spring, in part because documenting fall departures is often limited by cryptic behaviors, lower vocalization rates, and shifting territory boundaries during this time of year. We used 2 years of high-resolution encounter data from radio-frequency identification (RFID)-equipped bird feeders to monitor the daily presence of male and female Lazuli Buntings (Passerina amoena) throughout the breeding season at a high and a low-elevation site in Cache County, Utah, USA. These encounter data were used to estimate daily arrival and departure probabilities and to investigate possible differences in migration timing in relation to sex and elevation. At low elevation, male arrival (n = 15) preceded female arrival (n = 16) by ~1 week, consistent with previous research that has documented protandry in other migratory songbirds. At high elevation, however, no significant differences were found between male (n = 19) and female arrival (n = 6). In fall, we found little difference in departure dates between elevation or sex, or between years. Our observations are most consistent with constraint-based hypotheses explaining protandry, possibly relating to sex-specific constraints operating during the nonbreeding period. We additionally emphasize the need for quantifying uncertainty in phenological estimates and importance of addressing potential differences across demographic groups.
PubDate: Thu, 22 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukad030
Issue No: Vol. 140, No. 4 (2023)
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- Community-sourced sightings of atypical birds can be used to understand
the evolution of plumage color and pattern-
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First page: ukad029
Abstract: AbstractBirds are known for their brilliant colors and extraordinary patterns. Sightings of individuals with atypical plumage often cause considerable excitement in the birding public, but receive little attention beyond reporting one-off sightings by the scientific community. In this Perspective, we argue that sightings of individuals with atypical plumage submitted to community science platforms hold the potential to further our understanding of the evolution of plumage color and patterning in birds. As a demonstration, we outline two examples using sightings of leucistic individuals—those that lack melanin across the body or in certain feather patches. First, we discuss the potential for understanding carotenoid pigmentation with these sightings. Leucism influences melanins, but not carotenoids, and so the extent and distribution of carotenoids across the body are unmasked. In a leucistic individual, carotenoids may or may not be more extensive than what is typically visible and this could help to understand the energetic costs and constraints involved in obtaining, processing, and depositing carotenoids in different species. Second, we discuss how partial leucism could provide insights into plumage pattern evolution. We demonstrate that one can use the many observations present on community science platforms to identify repeated patterns in different partially leucistic individuals of the same species, and match these to patches present in related species. These patterns could be the result of shared underlying genetic variation that controls plumage patterning in birds over long evolutionary timescales. With these examples, we outline a few potential lines of inquiry possible with atypical sightings submitted to community science platforms and note that other plumage aberrations provide additional opportunities. We encourage researchers to take full advantage of these chance sightings when they occur and database managers to make it possible to more easily tag photos of individuals with atypical plumage or other traits.
PubDate: Fri, 16 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukad029
Issue No: Vol. 140, No. 4 (2023)
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- Unmasking hidden genetic, vocal, and size variation in the Masked
Flowerpiercer along the Andes supports two species separated by Northern
Peruvian Low-
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First page: ukad028
Abstract: AbstractGenetic divergence among isolated populations is not always reflected in phenotypic differentiation. We investigated the genetic and phenotypic differentiation in Diglossa cyanea (Thraupidae; Masked Flowerpiercer), a widely distributed species in the tropical Andes. We found strong evidence for 2 main lineages separated by the Marañón River valley in the Northern Peruvian Low (NPL). These 2 lineages show a deep sequence divergence in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA; ~6.7% uncorrected p-distance, n = 122), spectral frequency and song structure (with exclusive final whistles in southern populations, n = 88), and wing length (the northern populations are smaller, n = 364). The 2 divergent D. cyanea mitochondrial lineages were not sister to each other, suggesting a possible paraphyly with respect to D. caerulescens (Bluish Flowerpiercer) that remains to be tested with nuclear genomic data. No genetic variation, size difference, or song structure was observed within the extensive range of the southern group (from the NPL to central Bolivia) or within all sampled northern populations (from the NPL to Venezuela). These vocal differences appear to have consequences for song discrimination, and species recognition, according to a previously published playback experiment study. We propose that the southern taxon be elevated to species rank as D. melanopis, a monotypic species (with the proposed name Whistling Masked-Flowerpiercer). In turn, we provide a redefinition of D. cyanea (Warbling Masked-Flowerpiercer), which is now restricted to the northern half of the tropical Andes as a polytypic species with 3 subspecies (tovarensis, obscura, and cyanea). Based on our results, the subspecies dispar should be treated as a junior synonym of cyanea. Our study highlights the need to continue amassing complementary data sets from field observations, experiments, and collection-based assessments to better characterize the evolutionary history, biogeography, bioacoustics, and taxonomy of Neotropical montane birds.
PubDate: Wed, 07 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukad028
Issue No: Vol. 140, No. 4 (2023)
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- Winter range shifts and their associations with species traits are
heterogeneous in eastern North American birds-
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First page: ukad027
Abstract: AbstractMany species’ distributions are shifting in response to climate change. Many distributional shifts are predictably poleward or higher in elevation, but heterogeneity in the rate and direction of shifts both within and between species appears to be common. We found high heterogeneity in the trajectory of winter range shifts for 65 species of birds across eastern North America and in the different traits and trait interactions associated with these shifts across the spatial scales we examined. We used data from the Christmas Bird Count to quantify the trajectory of winter latitudinal center of abundance range shifts over 4 decades (1980–2019) for 65 species of songbirds and woodpeckers in North America, both across eastern North America (ENA) as a whole and for the Atlantic (ATL) and Mississippi (MISS) flyways separately. We then used linear models and Akaike’s Information Criterion with small-sample size correction (AICc) model selection to test whether species traits could explain variation in range shifts or flyway discrepancies. Across ENA, most species showed northward latitudinal range shifts, but some showed no latitudinal shift while others shifted southwards. Amongst ATL and MISS, we documented both within- and between-species differences in the rate and direction of latitudinal shifts, complicating the results from across ENA. No single trait emerged as a dominant driver of range shift differences at the ENA and flyway scales. Migration strategy interacted with insectivory to explain variation at the largest spatial scale (ENA), whereas frugivory and mean winter latitude explained much of the variation in ATL and MISS, respectively. Exploring heterogeneity in range shifts within and between species, and in the associations between range shifts and life history traits, will help us better understand the mechanisms that mediate differing responses to environmental change and predict which species will be better able to adapt to those changes.
PubDate: Tue, 30 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukad027
Issue No: Vol. 140, No. 4 (2023)
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