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Authors:Priscilla Lok-chee Shum, Chi-Shing Tse, Takeshi Hamamura, Stephen C. Wright Abstract: Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Ahead of Print. Speakers with standard accents are typically judged more favorably than non-standard speakers, but this may shift in response to perceived intergroup conflict with ethnolinguistic outgroups. Three studies were conducted to examine how large-scale social movements may impact language attitudes in Hong Kong. Attitudes toward standard-accented and non-standard-accented Cantonese and Mandarin were collected across four instances in 2013 and 2015 (pre- and post-Umbrella Movement), 2018 and 2019 (pre- and post-Anti-Extradition Bill Movement), respectively. Compared to Study 1 (2013), Hong Kong participants judged standard speakers of Cantonese (the ingroup variety), and ingroup, non-standard speakers of Mandarin (the outgroup variety) significantly more favorably in Study 2 (2015). Study 3 showed that the retrospective endorsement of the Umbrella Movement moderated preferences for standard Cantonese and Mandarin speakers. Comparison of 2018 and 2019 data partially replicated the findings in Studies 1 and 2, though the current endorsement of the Anti-Extradition Bill Movement did not moderate preferences for standard speakers. Citation: Journal of Language and Social Psychology PubDate: 2023-01-18T07:49:22Z DOI: 10.1177/0261927X221150502
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Authors:Heng Li Abstract: Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Ahead of Print. This research investigated whether being excluded can increase language imitation and thus lead to a stronger structural priming effect. In Study 1, student participants recalling an experience of social exclusion showed a larger priming effect than those recalling an experience of social inclusion. Employing a larger, more diverse sample, Study 2 set out to conceptually replicate Study 1 by creating a concurrent experience of social exclusion through a computerized ball-toss game. It was found that excluded individuals demonstrated a stronger tendency to mimic the syntactic structure used by their interactional partner than included individuals. Taken together, these findings enrich an emergent stream of research that finds structural priming is not an independent cognitive process, but conditioned by various socio-cognitive factors. Citation: Journal of Language and Social Psychology PubDate: 2023-01-13T10:38:23Z DOI: 10.1177/0261927X231151408
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Authors:Brooke Nixon, Nicole R. Guajardo Abstract: Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Ahead of Print. Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) is a framework used to analyze and predict linguistic and behavioral adjustments within interpersonal communication. As computer-mediated communication (CMC) becomes more prevalent, applying this framework provides insight into interpersonal communication via a screen. Two studies explored CAT applied to CMC with participants observing linguistic adjustments in text-message screenshots. Results indicated that likability, empathy, gender, and textisms each play a role in how we perceive and interact with others during digital communications. Implications are discussed. Citation: Journal of Language and Social Psychology PubDate: 2022-12-26T07:15:05Z DOI: 10.1177/0261927X221146143
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Authors:JooYoung Jang, Bo Feng Abstract: Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Ahead of Print. This experiment examined how online support-seeking messages containing anticipatory apology and/or appreciation influence support provision in the U.S. and Korea. The mediating role of regard for face was also assessed. A total of 983 participants (568 in the U.S. sample, 415 in the Korean sample) read and responded to support-seeking messages posted on an interactive online platform. Results showed that support-seeking messages with anticipatory apology and/or appreciation elicited higher quality (in terms of person-centeredness) supportive messages than support-seeking messages without anticipatory apology or appreciation. Participants’ perceptions of support-seeker's regard for face mediated the effect of anticipatory apology in support-seeking messages on level of person-centeredness in received support messages. This pattern of findings was observed in both the American and Korean samples. Citation: Journal of Language and Social Psychology PubDate: 2022-12-23T08:08:40Z DOI: 10.1177/0261927X221147274
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Authors:Emma A Renström, Anna Lindqvist, Gulcin Akbas, Laura Hekanaho, Marie Gustafsson Sendén Abstract: Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Ahead of Print. Languages differ in how grammatically salient gender is. We explored if grammatically gender-neutral pronouns in Finnish and Turkish, two grammatically genderless languages, are gender neutral or male biased, thereby activating male, rather than female, exemplars. We also tested whether differences in national level gender equality influence the male bias. Results indicated a male bias in both languages, whereas national level gender equality had no influence. Implications for gender-fair language reforms in grammatically genderless languages are discussed. Citation: Journal of Language and Social Psychology PubDate: 2022-12-20T06:55:00Z DOI: 10.1177/0261927X221146229
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Authors:Sarah Galdiolo, Anthony Mauroy, Lesley Liliane Verhofstadt Abstract: Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Ahead of Print. This 5-wave longitudinal study aimed to monitor the feeling of we-ness and separateness over one year of the COVID-19 pandemic by examining partners’ natural pronoun usage when reporting couple interactions. Compared to the start of the pandemic, a general decline of we-ness was found after one year. Moreover, the changes in couple we-ness were non-linear, resulting in an increase at the end of the strict lockdown, followed by a decrease. No change in couple separateness was found. Citation: Journal of Language and Social Psychology PubDate: 2022-12-20T03:34:17Z DOI: 10.1177/0261927X221138116
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Authors:Gijs Fannes, An-Sofie Claeys First page: 3 Abstract: Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Ahead of Print. This study examines how both the content (i.e., denial vs. apology) and the verb voice (i.e., active voice vs. passive voice) of a crisis response affect the public's perception of crisis responsibility and, subsequently, the reputation of an organization accused of wrongdoing. The results of two experiments first show that an apology results in higher responsibility attributions than denial, which, in turn, adversely affects an organization's reputation. When we consider the verb voice of the message, a crisis response that is constructed in the passive voice reduces responsibility perceptions more than the active voice, leading to less reputational damage. An interaction effect shows, however, that this result only holds true for a passive denial strategy and not for apologies. As such, when an organization needs to deny an accusation, it seems wise to construct the message in the passive voice in order to strengthen the denial and effectively protect the organizational reputation. Citation: Journal of Language and Social Psychology PubDate: 2022-06-17T06:09:53Z DOI: 10.1177/0261927X221108120
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Authors:Craig Fowler, Quinten Bernhold First page: 31 Abstract: Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Ahead of Print. The present study was grounded in the revised communicative ecology model of successful aging (CEMSA) and examined whether brief, passing remarks made by older adults about aging influence both young adults’ aging efficacy and their expectations regarding aging. Young adult participants (n = 322) were randomly assigned to read a single vignette. In the vignette an older adult invoked either a negative age-based reason, a non-age-based reason, or a positive age-based reason to account for behavior that could be taken to reflect age-related stereotypes pertaining to physical decline, cognitive decline, or aversion to technology. Analyzes revealed that participants who read the positive age-based accounts perceived the aging process to have been portrayed more favorably. Consequently, they reported higher levels of positive affect about aging which translated into their feeling more efficacious about managing their own aging, and into having more positive expectations regarding aging in general. Citation: Journal of Language and Social Psychology PubDate: 2022-06-03T08:06:05Z DOI: 10.1177/0261927X221105096
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Authors:Zachary P Rosen First page: 60 Abstract: Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Ahead of Print. The current paper details a novel quantitative framework leveraging recent advances in AI and Natural Language Processing to quantitatively assess language convergence and accommodation. This new framework is computationally cheap and straightforward to implement. The framework is then applied to a case study of immigration rhetoric in the lead up to the 2016 general election in the USA. Major results from the case study show that (1) Democrats and Republicans exhibited significant language convergence with members of their own parties, (2) President Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton converged with Senate Democrats’ immigration rhetoric, (3) Democrats accommodated the immigration rhetoric of both President Barack Obama and (candidate) Hillary Clinton, (4) contrary to initial hypotheses, Donald Trump's vitriolic immigration rhetoric did not show signs of language convergence with Republicans in the Senate, and (5) equally surprising, Senate Republicans showed significant non-accommodation to Donald Trump despite potential political costs for having done so. Citation: Journal of Language and Social Psychology PubDate: 2022-05-10T06:27:11Z DOI: 10.1177/0261927X221095865
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Authors:Hualin Xiao, Brent Strickland, Sharon Peperkamp First page: 82 Abstract: Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Ahead of Print. Heated societal debates in various countries concern the use of gender-fair language, meant to replace the generic use of grammatically masculine forms. Advocates and opponents of gender-fair language disagree on – among other things – the question of whether masculine forms leave women underrepresented in people's minds. We investigated the influence of linguistic form on the mental representations of gender in French. Participants read a short text about a professional gathering and estimated the percentages of men and women present at the gathering. Results showed higher estimates of the percentage of women in response to two gender-fair forms relative to the masculine form. Comparisons with normed data on people's perception of real-world gender ratios additionally showed that the gender-fair forms removed or reduced a male bias for neutral- and female-stereotyped professions, respectively, yet induced a female bias for male-stereotyped professions. Thus, gender-fair language increases the prominence of women in the mind, but has varying effects on consistency, i.e., the match with default perceptions of real-world gender ratios. Citation: Journal of Language and Social Psychology PubDate: 2022-03-02T05:13:55Z DOI: 10.1177/0261927X221084643
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Authors:Marko Dragojevic, Jessica Gasiorek First page: 107 Abstract: Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Ahead of Print. We examined how task performance expectancy violations influence speaker evaluations. Americans listened to a Japanese-accented speaker reading a story; completed a memory test on the story's content; indicated their expected performance on the test; and then received positive, negative, or no performance feedback. Positive feedback positively violated listeners’ performance expectancies and elicited higher fluency, a more positive affective reaction, and more positive speaker evaluations, compared to no feedback. Fluency and affect mediated the effect of positive feedback on speaker evaluations. Citation: Journal of Language and Social Psychology PubDate: 2022-06-30T06:21:37Z DOI: 10.1177/0261927X221111574
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Authors:Ana Beatriz Gomes Fontenele, Luana Elayne Cunha de Souza, Fabio Fasoli First page: 119 Abstract: Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Ahead of Print. Vocal cues are used to categorize speakers’ sexual orientation. Hearing a gay-sounding speaker can elicit discrimination. This study investigated whether gay-sounding speakers were discriminated against when applying for a job in Brazil and whether prejudice moderated such an effect. Heterosexual participants listened to a gay- or heterosexual-sounding applicant, rating him in terms of personality traits and employability. The results showed that gay-sounding candidates were discriminated against compared to heterosexual-sounding candidates, but this was true only among highly prejudiced participants. Citation: Journal of Language and Social Psychology PubDate: 2022-07-01T06:42:34Z DOI: 10.1177/0261927X221077243
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Authors:David M. Markowitz First page: 135 Abstract: Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Ahead of Print. This paper introduces the concept of deceptive (de)humanization, the internal belief that an outgroup is less-than-human while dishonestly acknowledging aspects of their humanity for impression management purposes. In a large online experiment (N = 1,169), participants wrote about their false or truthful opinions on an outgroup they perceived as more evolved or less evolved. Following several automated text analyses, the data indicated psychological differences in attention through word patterns. Consistent with prior work, deceptive texts contained fewer self-references and more negative emotion terms than truthful texts, and dehumanizers used more negative emotions than humanizers. New evidence suggests those who wrote deceptively about evolved groups focused the most on negative emotions compared to other participants. This work extends deception and dehumanization theory by investigating how such psychological constructs interact, and how they are reflected linguistically as communicators attempt to manage impressions and maintain a positive self-image. Citation: Journal of Language and Social Psychology PubDate: 2022-08-03T04:21:12Z DOI: 10.1177/0261927X221117497
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Authors:Stephen A. Rains, Shelby N. Carter First page: 160 Abstract: Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Ahead of Print. Although informational support can be a valuable resource for coping with illness, our understanding of how it is solicited remains incomplete. We examine the language properties of more than 20,000 posts made to an online health community to better understand the perspective of people seeking informational support and identify properties that predict community responsiveness. Compared to posts in which informational support was not requested, posts soliciting informational support were more likely to use language reflecting efforts to make meaning from uncertainty related to a poster's ongoing illness experience. Among posts in which informational support was solicited, posts that discussed life-with-illness and used language indicating specific negative emotions like anger, anxiety, and sadness yielded a greater number of responses from online community members. Citation: Journal of Language and Social Psychology PubDate: 2022-07-25T11:47:19Z DOI: 10.1177/0261927X221115443
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Authors:Flavia Albarello, Elisabetta Crocetti, Francesca Golfieri, Monica Rubini First page: 183 Abstract: Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Ahead of Print. This study (N = 161 Italian adolescents attending 11th and 12th grade of secondary school) investigated how adolescents linguistically portray migrants. Over a year and a half, the study considered whether positive factors known to reduce social discrimination – i.e., multiple categorization of migrants and/or respondent's identification with the human group – are associated with relatively unbiased linguistic descriptions of migrants. The coding system included three categories of terms referring to the outgroup: generalized/categorical definitions, individuating piecemeal information or membership in the human group. We found that adolescents who used multiple categorizations to describe migrants and self-identified with the human group (at T1) linguistically described migrants in human and individuating terms (at T2) to a higher extent. The findings are discussed underlying the implications of defining the self and outgroups in multiple complex ways through language, as an ecological means used by adolescents to communicate their views of others. Citation: Journal of Language and Social Psychology PubDate: 2022-11-17T06:25:00Z DOI: 10.1177/0261927X221139882
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Authors:Xun Zhu First page: 203 Abstract: Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Ahead of Print. How does language change reveal the psychological trajectories of people coping with a COVID-19 infection' This study examined writings on social media over 12 weeks from people who self-reported having tested positive for COVID-19. People used fewer words reflecting anxiety and distancing but more words indicating reinterpretation over time. The language patterns for describing the experience of COVID-19 infections differed from those for describing other unrelated topics. The findings reveal the temporal dynamics of psychological adjustment to an unfolding crisis. Citation: Journal of Language and Social Psychology PubDate: 2022-07-22T06:44:15Z DOI: 10.1177/0261927X221116335
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Authors:Grace Ashna Jeevaratnam, Elizabeth Jones First page: 217 Abstract: Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Ahead of Print. Workplaces are increasingly seeing younger supervisors supervise older subordinates, reversing traditional norms. Using Communication Accommodation Theory, we investigated younger supervisors’ perceptions of communication with same-aged and older subordinates in Sri Lanka. Eighty young supervisors rated four vignettes describing formal and informal interactions with same-aged and older subordinates. Participants rated older subordinates’ communication as less accommodative and more nonaccommodative than same-aged subordinates, particularly in formal interactions. They rated their own communication as more polite and respectful with older than same-aged subordinates. Citation: Journal of Language and Social Psychology PubDate: 2022-10-31T06:34:59Z DOI: 10.1177/0261927X221128991
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Authors:Rosandra Coladonato, Andrea Carnaghi, Mary Ann Ciosk, Mauro Bianchi, Valentina Piccoli First page: 231 Abstract: Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Ahead of Print. Two studies analyzed whether, at the cognitive level, ‘Elderly gay man’ is “invisible” both when processing the labels ‘Gay man’ and ‘Elderly man’. We suggest that ‘Gay man’ is conflated with ‘Young man’, and that ‘Elderly man’ is conflated with ‘Heterosexual man’. Contact with elderly gay men did not alter the perception of ‘Gay man’ as prevalently young but weakened the perception of ‘Elderly man’ as heterosexual by default. Citation: Journal of Language and Social Psychology PubDate: 2022-11-08T06:45:38Z DOI: 10.1177/0261927X221137581
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