 Subjects -> SOCIAL SERVICES AND WELFARE (Total: 224 journals)
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- What Frontline Professionals Need to Combat Child Maltreatment
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Abstract: Rapid technological advances in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries have changed the landscape of child maltreatment worldwide. Whereas historically a child was most likely to be maltreated within the family or community systems, now children can be abused by thousands of unknown and unidentified persons from anywhere on the planet. Trafficking in child sexual abuse material (CSAM), luring, grooming, and other predatory behaviors existed before the Internet. However, modern technologies have changed abusers’ points of access to children and the number of abusers who can participate in the maltreatment of a victim. New types of child maltreatment are also being invented with new technologies, such as livestreamed child sexual exploitation. In addition, the volume of certain types of child abuse has exploded exponentially such as has been documented with the trafficking in CSAM, as well as the severity of the abuse being recorded on younger and younger victims, including infants and toddlers. These changes have created challenges at all points along the child maltreatment continuum—from prevention to effective treatment leading to the full physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of victims and survivors as are mandated by international law for many survivors. Recent research into the experiences and perspectives of frontline professionals combatting technology-facilitated child maltreatment makes clear that more training and supports are needed, such as technological resources, research into effective therapeutic treatments for survivors, consistent and accurate terminology and concepts, a modernization of the legal framework in which these crimes are investigated and prosecuted, and robust mental health supports for frontline providers. As the Kempe Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse and Neglect provides education and training to thousands of frontline providers worldwide each year, Kempe is uniquely situated to provide leadership in preparing frontline providers to combat child abuse effectively in these new environments.
PubDate: 2023-05-15
- Study Protocol: The Arctic Childhood Study: a Study of Violence and Health
in Indigenous Sámi and Non-Sámi Children and Youth in Arctic Norway—a
Mixed Methods Cohort Study Design-
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Abstract: Our current knowledge about the health status and developmental process and outcome of Indigenous Sámi children and youths in the high north (Northern Norway, 68 degrees latitude) is scarce. The present longitudinal study, labeled the Arctic Childhood Study, aims to fill major knowledge gaps related to this topic with a special focus on the incidence of violence, abuse, and neglect as well as protective factors. The project will be implemented based on the conceptual framework for Indigenous methodology. The study is highly relevant for the Indigenous population of the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions of Norway as rates of violence are higher as compared to the majority population residing in the same area or farther south. The study applies a mixed methods design that include process evaluations of the pilot study, combines qualitative and quantitative data collection methods, and applies Indigenous collective-informed research. Research activities include a scoping review of abuse and neglect among youth in the Arctic, languages translations of the I-Cast questionnaires, piloting of the Norwegian and Sámi questionnaire packages, and use of focus group discussions. The main study uses a longitudinal cohort study design and school-based surveys in order to explore how relationships between child maltreatment, mental and somatic health, resilience and coping, social, family, and school function, and culturally specific experiences. Participants will be recruited from lower and upper secondary schools in the Arctic and sub-Arctic areas of Norway where the majority of the Indigenous Sámi people lives. The planned participants include adolescents ranging from 12 to 19 years and will follow these individuals every 3 years until age 24. Pending written consent and funding, data will be connected to current national registers. Optionally and pending ethical approval, the study will incorporate the use self-administered, non-invasive buccal swabs in order to collect bio-samples from the participants for genetic analyses and examine genetic mediators related to methylation profiles. The design of the study, the strong focus on Indigenous methodology, the involvement of Sámi youth, and non-Sámi youth is intended to produce new knowledge about the repercussion of violence for the normal development and health status among Sámi and non-Sámi youth in the high north. The study connects individual characteristics with cultural risk and protective factors in order to provide families, advocacy groups, school professionals, the health sector, administrators, and policymakers a more evidence informed basis for initiating early identification and prevention programs in child and adolescent health sectors in Norway. The hope is that the information will provide a better foundation for formulating culturally sensitive prevention strategies aimed at reducing occurrences of violence in Sámi society, and provide new knowledge about factors and mechanisms that may enable more culturally appropriate and effective interventions for use in the Sámi community.
PubDate: 2023-05-04
- Understanding and Promoting Child Wellbeing After Child Welfare System
Involvement: Progress Made and Challenges Ahead-
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Abstract: Although the negative repercussions of child abuse and neglect are well-established, many countries continue to struggle with mounting an effective and supportive response for children and families. The child welfare system—which takes varying forms depending on the time period and country—is the primary governmental institution tasked with responding to concerns about abuse and neglect. These systems face significant challenges in protecting and supporting children, as well as sustained criticism for their tactics and potential for inflicting harm. This commentary seeks to (1) take stock of major achievements in understanding, measuring, and tracking the nature and impacts of child welfare system involvement; (2) identify the key barriers that inhibit our understanding of CWS impacts on children’s wellbeing; and (3) suggest the elements of a research and evaluation agenda for moving the field forward.
PubDate: 2023-05-01
- Young Adults with Lived Foster Care Experience Who Later Experience
Houselessness: an Exploratory Latent Class Analysis-
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Abstract: Young adults with lived experience in out-of-home care during childhood report later experiences of housing instability as common. Existing literature identifies a host of factors compounding an individual’s risk of experiencing houselessness, but research has yet to explore constellations of characteristics which describe youth formerly in care who later become unhoused. This exploratory study leverages a public–private data linkage collaborative to integrate and de-identify child welfare data extracted from a Rocky Mountain state’s administrative database and houselessness service utilization data from a regional provider in a large metro area of the state. Linkage and sampling yielded a final sample of 285 youth (ages 18 to 24) formerly in foster care who accessed houselessness services between December 2018 and March 2020 and who had signed required consents. A 22-measure latent class analysis identified three characteristic groups: intensive youth corrections involvement and emancipation from the child welfare system (32% of sample); family-based challenges, neglect, and more moderate youth corrections involvement (41% of sample); and youth behavior and substance use challenges along with family reunification before accessing houselessness services (26%). We found that young women and Black, Indigenous, and people of color were disproportionately represented in the sample compared to the state’s population of youth in out-of-home care. Youth with long histories of child welfare placement were a majority of the sample. Implications are discussed. Data-sharing barriers must be addressed to facilitate further research aimed at understanding houselessness within this population.
PubDate: 2023-04-26
- Understanding the Effects of COVID-19 on Child Maltreatment Reporting
Among Rural Versus Urban Communities in the United States-
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Abstract: The onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impacted child protective services (CPS) reporting systems in the United States. It may have also led to widened gaps between rural and urban communities in child maltreatment (CM) report rates due to decreased interaction between children and mandated reporters especially in urban jurisdictions. Using data from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System, this study tests the hypothesis that during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the decrease in CM reports made to CPS in urban counties was more pronounced than in rural counties. Reports of CM received by CPS offices between January 6, 2020 and June 28, 2020 were aggregated to per-county-per-week-per-10,000 children maltreatment report rates. We used changepoint analyses to analyze the inter- and intra-region incidence rate ratios among rural and urban counties. Moreover, we used multilevel random effects models to generate regression coefficients for the associations between rates of children with a maltreatment report, COVID-19 occurrence, rural-urban designation, and maltreatment risk factors. During the study period, rates of children with a maltreatment report among urban counties decreased more dramatically when compared with rural counties. Our findings persisted even with the inclusion of control variables associated with maltreatment risk factors. Social distancing restrictions may have had the unintended consequence of decreasing the visibility of at-risk children in urban counties more so than in rural counties. Considering geography is critical to continue to protect children during the COVID-19 pandemic and as we prepare for future disasters.
PubDate: 2023-03-30
- Survey Results of School Practitioner Preparedness to Address Child
Maltreatment in Fiji-
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Abstract: Addressing child maltreatment is a global issue. School practitioners are at the forefront of identifying and reporting maltreatment. Researchers have consistently found that school practitioners report feeling unprepared to identify and report maltreatment. Despite this lack of perceived preparation, school practitioners are often responsible for identifying and reporting cases of maltreatment in many countries around the world. The purpose of this study is to share results from a child maltreatment preparedness survey of school practitioners in Fiji. This study will share results about school practitioner attitudes, knowledge, and training experiences in identifying and reporting child maltreatment.
PubDate: 2023-03-29
- Neighborhood Risks and Child Maltreatment Investigations: A Comparison
Across Urban and Rural Contexts-
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Abstract: Neighborhoods have a profound influence on the likelihood of child maltreatment. Understanding the context in which parents live is critical for exploring risk and protective factors for abuse and neglect. Rural child maltreatment is understudied, and the extent to which neighborhood factors relate to maltreatment in rural areas is unknown. The current study sought to understand whether certain neighborhood-level characteristics that were found to be associated with hospital-based child maltreatment reports in a single urban Midwestern county in the USA held true in official statewide child maltreatment data across urban and rural contexts. Statewide zip code-level data for all child maltreatment investigations in the State of Michigan in 2019 were used to examine child maltreatment. In multivariate models, poverty rate was related to higher levels of official child maltreatment investigations in rural areas, but unlike the prior study, not in urban areas. Residential stability was related to lower levels of hospital-based maltreatment reports and official child maltreatment investigations in urban areas. A greater proportion of residents with at least a bachelor’s degree and a greater proportion of individuals who speak a language other than English were both related to lower levels of maltreatment across both measures and contexts.
PubDate: 2023-03-27
- Commentary on Kempe, the Next 50 Years
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Abstract: This paper provides a reflection on the evolution of child maltreatment systems and research across the globe during the time since the establishment of the Kempe Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse and Neglect (Kempe Center) over 50 years ago. While research has demonstrated that children who are victims of maltreatment have poorer outcomes than their peers, it is also clear that the child welfare workforce faces workforce challenges, and the system established 50 years ago is not the same as it is today. Efforts to move this field of study forward in a changing world rely upon the understanding of child abuse and neglect in the broader culture of our world, including disentangling poverty and social structures from neglect, supporting underrepresented people and communities, and identifying how best to balance the role of child welfare with community services. The Kempe Center’s continued commitment to a multidisciplinary approach to understanding, preventing, and treating child maltreatment, while challenging professional and social reticence to address complex contributing issues and the impact of historical actions, is at the core of its work looking forward to the next 50 years. The continued focus of centering research as a critical component in moving the field forward in just and equitable ways is demonstrated in this sampling of current efforts to support better outcomes for children and families.
PubDate: 2023-03-24
- The Impact of COVID-19 on Well-Being: Welsh Children’s Perspectives
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Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic saw drastic and unprecedented actions by governments to mitigate the spread of the virus. Often, the restrictions limited in-person interaction and included the closure of schools. To investigate the impact of both the pandemic and resulting restrictions, the International Society of Child Indicators developed the Childrens Worlds: COVID-19 Supplement. This paper reports on the results of that survey in Wales in 2021. Seven hundred and twenty seven children from 18 schools participated from years 6 and 8. They received an anonymous survey asking about their circumstances and well-being across a range of domains, and how these have changes during the pandemic. The children had experienced significant changes in their lives with the onset of the pandemic. The majority could not attend school, were confined to their homes, and were unable to see wider family and friends in person. Almost a half of both groups felt that their relationships with family they lived with had improved, with many becoming closer to members. Over one-fifth of both groups thought their relationships with friends were affected, with younger children more likely to think they had improved. The pattern throughout the survey was that the older children were less positive in their responses. The disparity between the groups was markedly so regarding school with the secondary schoolchildren being particularly dissatisfied with the content of their learning. Whereas there was a trend for less disparity between the groups during COVID-19, the only area where the disparity increased was regarding satisfaction with school. These findings are then placed in the context of developments in education in Wales and research on the impact of COVID on Welsh schools and schoolchildren. As in other countries, the pandemic would appear to have exacerbated existing educational inequalities.
PubDate: 2023-03-20
- Where Are the Children': Addiction Workers’ Knowledge of Clients’
Offspring and Related Risks-
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Abstract: Parental substance use can harm and increase risk to children. Accurate reporting and monitoring by addiction staff is essential to support and protect families and children. The caseloads of 8 nurses and 12 social care workers (736 service users) were reviewed for offspring related information. 62.8% of service users were parents, 38.3% of those being parents of children aged 16 years and under. Data were available on 913 offspring, 475 (52%) aged 16 or under. 32% of the total offspring sample, and of the 16 and under sample, lived with a family member who was not the parent receiving treatment and had no social work involvement. Seven offspring (0.8%) were deceased—a two-fold increase in mortality rate compared to the general population, highlighting the increased risk of harm experienced by the offspring of this group of parents. In the records of 53 parents (11.5%; 68 children), there was a discrepancy between the electronic records and staff knowledge about children aged 16 and under. Of these 68 children, 56 (11.8%) were recorded on the electronic system but not reported by the care manager, and 12 (2.5%) were only reported by the care manager but were not recorded on the electronic system. Worryingly, there might also be children who are neither on electronic systems nor known to staff. Due to these discrepancies in recording and the increased risks to these children, we recommend that addiction staff routinely asks service users if they are parents and who provides care for their children.
PubDate: 2023-03-07
DOI: 10.1007/s42448-023-00158-9
- Conducting Violence Research Across Multiple Family Generations and with
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Abstract: This paper presents findings from a pilot study focused on examining intergenerational violence in a three-generation sample, which included young children, in a rural area of South Africa. The aims of the pilot study were to investigate the feasibility of participant recruitment, consent, and interviewing; length and burden of the study questionnaires; appropriateness and acceptability of the measures used; and young children’s (age 4–7) ability to comprehend the measures and participate meaningfully in interviews asking about violence. Data were collected for 4 months with three groups of participants, often within families (young adults, their children, and the young adults’ former caregivers), using cognitive interviews, quantitative questionnaires, and qualitative in-depth interviews. All groups participated in arts-based methods and child interviews included visual and tactile aids. Pilot study findings demonstrated feasible recruitment within families for a three-generation study using comprehensive consent protocols and mandatory reporting information. Adults and young children were able to participate in the extensive interviews (2–3 h and 1 h, respectively) without significant burden. The employed measures were appropriate and acceptable to the setting, though minor revisions were made to improve comprehension of certain items. Young children were able to engage and participate meaningfully in the research, though they were not able to answer abstract reasoning items in cognitive interviews and children who were less developmentally advanced required more play- and arts-based accommodations to support their participation. Future research around sensitive topics, such as violence, appears feasible within families and including young children as participants even in resource-poor settings.
PubDate: 2023-03-07
DOI: 10.1007/s42448-023-00157-w
- The Development and Validation of a Child Safeguarding in Sport
Self-assessment Tool for the Council of Europe-
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Abstract: Abuse and interpersonal violence threaten participant safety and trust in sport. Many political and project activities have sought to promote safeguarding policies within national sporting structures. Despite this, implementation of safe sport policy measures has been lacklustre, and policy guidance is often disparate and sometimes contradictory. Against this background, the Council of Europe initiated the development of a safeguarding in sport self-assessment tool to assist national sport authorities in this crucial area. This tool addresses some of the gaps within safe sport policy guidance by summarising current good practices and offering policy guidance and legitimation. In the following Innovations article, we present our work developing the safeguarding self-assessment tool for national sport organisations in collaboration with the Council of Europe.
PubDate: 2023-03-01
DOI: 10.1007/s42448-022-00131-y
- Partner Cooperation, Conflict, Maternal Mental Health, and Parenting
Behaviors in Rural Kenya: Towards a Two-Generational Understanding of
Gender Transformation Benefits-
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Abstract: Increasing partner cooperation is an established approach to reducing intimate partner violence. This strategy, known in the literature as “gender transformation,” benefits mental and physical health of women and men. Less is known about the potential for gender transformation strategies to improve the nurturing context for children. We hypothesize that increasing partner cooperation, a common benefit of community-based empowerment programs, would decrease child maltreatment through reducing intimate partner conflict and improving maternal mental health. This study utilizes cohort data from women (n = 400) participating in a combined group-based microfinance program to assess potential mechanisms by which partner cooperation at T1 (June 2018) predicts less children maltreatment at T2 (June 2019). As hypothesized, partner cooperation predicts less subsequent child maltreatment—frequency of neglect, corporal punishment, physical assault, and psychological abuse in the past month. This association is mediated completely by subsequent more partner cooperation and less intimate partner conflict, maternal loneliness, and depression. Implications of this study include potential for combining multiple development areas—women’s empowerment, intimate partner cooperation, mental health, and child nurturing contexts. Future study should assess these pathways in a cluster-based randomized trial, and explore how findings may inform policy and practice where these domains are less integrated.
PubDate: 2023-03-01
DOI: 10.1007/s42448-023-00156-x
- A Pan-European Review of Good Practices in Early Intervention Safeguarding
Practice with Children, Young People and Families: Evidence Gathering to
Inform a Multi-disciplinary Training Programme (the ERICA Project) in
Preventing Child Abuse and Neglect in Seven European Countries-
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Abstract: Child maltreatment has detrimental social and health effects for individuals, families and communities. The ERICA project is a pan-European training programme that equips non-specialist threshold practitioners with knowledge and skills to prevent and detect child maltreatment. This paper describes and presents the findings of a rapid review of good practice examples across seven participating countries including local services, programmes and risk assessment tools used in the detection and prevention of child maltreatment in the family. Learning was applied to the development of the generic training project. A template for mapping the good practice examples was collaboratively developed by the seven participating partner countries. A descriptive data analysis was undertaken organised by an a priori analysis framework. Examples were organised into three areas: programmes tackling child abuse and neglect, local practices in assessment and referral, risk assessment tools. Key findings were identified using a thematic approach. Seventy-two good practice examples were identified and categorised according to area, subcategory and number. A typology was developed as follows: legislative frameworks, child health promotion programmes, national guidance on child maltreatment, local practice guidance, risk assessment tools, local support services, early intervention programmes, telephone or internet-based support services, COVID-19 related good practices. Improved integration of guidance into practice and professional training in child development were highlighted as overarching needs. The impact of COVID-19 on safeguarding issues was apparent. The ERICA training programme formally responded to the learning identified in this international good practice review.
PubDate: 2023-03-01
DOI: 10.1007/s42448-022-00132-x
- It Takes a (Professional) Village: a Model for Interdisciplinary Work with
Maltreated Children-
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Abstract: Child maltreatment has been linked to short- and long-term negative consequences for various aspects of development. Maltreated children experience multiple difficulties in cognitive, emotional, motoric, sensory, linguistic, and social domains. These multiple domains entail an interprofessional team whose individual expertise can best ensure comprehensive trauma-responsive assessment, intervention planning, and a developmental point of view. Comprehensive and multidisciplinary early treatment that considers development and trauma may promote recovery from child maltreatment. However, most existing child services usually provide developmental or trauma-informed treatment. This commentary aims to present and describe a novel interdisciplinary work model of the Haruv Mental Health Clinic, which addresses all aspects of development and trauma. A case study is presented to demonstrate work processes according to the interdisciplinary model, integrating trauma-informed and developmental perspectives, and stresses its importance. It also emphasizes the need to overcome the separation between mental health and developmental services to better address the multiple and complex needs of children who suffered abuse and neglect.
PubDate: 2023-01-31
DOI: 10.1007/s42448-023-00151-2
- Do Australian Paramedics Understand Their Professional and Legal
Obligations Regarding Child Abuse and Neglect'-
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Abstract: Child abuse and neglect (CAN) causes significant harm to Australian children, resulting in significant health and social impacts. Paramedics frequently encounter patients experiencing CAN, though they often report little education and training. Little is known about their capacity to detect CAN or their willingness to report suspected cases. This study aims to explore the understanding of Australian paramedics of key legislation and organisational policies. A novel, 23-item exam-style questionnaire and 10 short vignettes depicting CAN were presented to a sample of Australian paramedics working in the state of Victoria. Analysis of item-level responses and associations with gender, location of work, and skillset was undertaken. Participants provided the correct response for knowledge items 62.7% of the time (range per item: 23.0–73.3%). Participants responded “unsure” for items between 3.2 and 24.9% of the time (average 11.0%). Participants correctly identified that each vignette contained a depiction of CAN between 51.8 and 94.3% of instances. Participants were least knowledgeable or willing to report CAN when depicted as emotional abuse or domestic and family violence. Australian paramedics appear reasonably well educated and informed with respect to CAN; however, they also appear to be less able to recognise emotional abuse and children exposed to domestic and family violence than other types of CAN, which may require targeted intervention. It is possible that paramedics may not be detecting and reporting CAN based on risk to the child and may be attempting to determine the validity of disclosures or have a too high threshold for indicative signs of CAN. Future research should focus on determining the most effective strategies and interventions to increase detection and willingness to report.
PubDate: 2023-01-30
DOI: 10.1007/s42448-022-00144-7
- Lessons for Child Protection Moving Forward: How to Keep From Rearranging
the Deck Chairs on the Titanic-
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Abstract: The Gary B. Melton Visiting Professorship was created to honor and celebrate the legacy of Dr. Melton and to encourage scholars and advocates to continue to build on his impressive body of interdisciplinary work on children’s rights, global approach to child health and well-being, and social frameworks of family and community. A collaboration of the Haruv Institute and the Kempe Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse and Neglect at the University of Colorado, the Melton Lecture was designed to be interdisciplinary, with the inaugural professorship and lecture given by a pediatrician and an anthropologist. This set of award recipients encompassed Gary Melton’s concerns from the individual and family to the larger context of culture and community. In this inaugural Melton Lecture, we take as our starting point Gary Melton’s quote, “Child abuse is wrong….” On this, we all can agree. Agreement lessens in response to the second part of the quote, “…the nation’s lack of an effective response to it is also wrong….” Indeed, the field continues to grapple with long-standing issues on how to ensure an effective response to child abuse. We use this lecture to consider how to move toward an effective response without simply rearranging the deck chairs on a sinking ship.
PubDate: 2023-01-13
DOI: 10.1007/s42448-023-00148-x
- It Is Time to Focus on Prevention: a Scoping Review of Practices
Associated with Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse and Australian Policy
Implications-
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Abstract: Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a significant public health problem, impacting individuals, families and communities across the lifespan. This systematic scoping review aimed to identify practices associated with the prevention of CSA before it happens using the PRISMA method (Moher et al., 2009). Nine databases were searched for empirical literature, resulting in a sample of 47 articles addressing the prevention of child sexual abuse. A definition of CSA prevention and research questions were developed in consultation with subject matter experts to provide a conceptual guide for analysing available empirical and theoretical literature published between 2012 and 2022. Studies were excluded that reported on CSA education. Included articles were analysed to identify common elements of prevention approaches and the policy conditions enabling and constraining prevention. Three approaches were identified: (i) engaging and stopping those at risk of using sexually harmful behaviour; (ii) situational prevention in child- and youth-serving organisations; (iii) preventing the emergence of CSA by promoting healthy families and communities. The article also discusses policy settings that enable and constrain CSA prevention in Australia and identifies gaps in existing research.
PubDate: 2022-12-22
DOI: 10.1007/s42448-022-00143-8
- The Added Value of Targeting Specific Risk Factors for Child Maltreatment
in an Evidence-Based Home Visitation Program: a Repeated Single-Case Time
Series Study-
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Abstract: The effects of home visiting programs to reduce child maltreatment are generally limited and warrant improvement. The present study, therefore, examined whether the effectiveness of a home visitation program in the Netherlands can be improved by adding specific intervention components targeting important risk factors for child maltreatment, namely parental stress, parental anger, and PTSD symptoms. Using a single-case experimental design, nine mothers were assessed weekly during 36 weeks of the Dutch home visiting program VoorZorg, comparing baseline, treatment (i.e., phase with added intervention components), and follow-up. Outcome effects were examined using statistical analyses on a group level and combining statistical and visual analyses on a case level for primary outcomes: perceived stress, parental anger, and PTSD symptoms, and secondary outcomes: risk of child maltreatment and parental sense of competence. As a group, mothers showed a reduction of anger in response to the additional components. No group effects were found for other outcomes. At an individual level, three mothers showed only positive effects, four mothers showed no intervention effects, and two mothers showed mixed effects (i.e., positive on some outcomes and negative on other). Consequently, the component targeting parental anger seems promising, because it can easily be implemented, but it is important to prevent any possible detrimental effects. Effects of the component targeting stress depended on the use of relaxation exercises, and therefore this component should be expanded in such a way that it is more feasible for mothers to implement it.
PubDate: 2022-12-20
DOI: 10.1007/s42448-022-00134-9
- Changing Physical Punishment Attitudes Using the Alternative Biblical
Interpretation Intervention (ABII) Among First-generation Korean
Protestants-
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Abstract: Empirical research suggests that physical punishment of children is ineffective and potentially harmful. However, in the USA, unlike most other Western democracies, physical punishment remains normative. This pattern is especially prominent among conservative Christians. Likewise, among Christian Korean immigrants, physical punishment is normative. The current study examined an intervention to change pro-spanking attitudes among a sample of 60 Korean adults (57% female; 43% male; Mage = 32.35) attending a theologically conservative Protestant church. Participants completed the attitudes toward spanking (ATS) scale and two measures of religious fundamentalism 4 weeks before the intervention. The intervention, which was created by the authors, focused on empirical research demonstrating the ineffectiveness and potential harm associated with spanking, along with progressive theological interpretations of Biblical teachings related to child discipline and spanking. Following the intervention, participants completed the ATS a second time. We hypothesized that the intervention would result in significant attitude change from pre- to post-intervention for both parents (n = 23) and non-parents (n = 37). Repeated measures ANOVA for ATS scores indicated a significant main effect for time (Mpre = 39.64, Mpost = 29.32), indicating that ATS scores decreased over time for both parents and non-parents. Time × parent status interaction was observed. Our findings indicated that positive attitudes toward physical punishment did indeed decline post-intervention, providing further evidence that pro-corporal punishment attitudes among conservative Christians are malleable when Christians are presented with progressive interpretations of Biblical scriptures sometimes used to justify corporal punishment, along with evidence on the ineffectiveness and potential harm of physical punishment (Miller-Perrin & Perrin, hild Abuse & Neglect, 71, 69–79, 2017; Perrin, Miller-Perrin, & Song, Child Abuse & Neglect, 71, 69–79, 2017).
PubDate: 2022-12-08
DOI: 10.1007/s42448-022-00140-x
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