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Abstract: This study explores the gendered violence dimension present in the torture exerted in Chile and the problems that continue to affect the reparation policies. The analysis covers the cases of political prisoners during the Chilean dictatorship (1973–1990) and that of the people detained within the context of the social protest of October 18, 2019. The methodology used for this study includes desk research on secondary sources on gendered political violence and torture such as scholarly books, journalistic and academic articles, and non-governmental organization reports, analyzing their contents from a perspective based on human rights and gender. We argue that the crystallization of gender-based violence exerted by Chilean State agents is linked to the biases present in post-dictatorship reparation policy and reflect on the impact of these biases on the assurances of non-repetition of human rights violations. PubDate: 2023-05-22
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Abstract: Extreme poverty is a complex and multifaceted challenge that cannot be solely addressed through economic interventions. Traditional economic indicators, such as GDP, do not fully capture the realities of vulnerable populations who often experience discrimination and social exclusion. This has legal and human rights implications, particularly in regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa where extreme poverty is concentrated. In light of these concerns, this article critically examines the existing literature on poverty economics and law and presents an analysis of key data. Ultimately, the article argues for a comprehensive approach that prioritises law and justice as crucial components of efforts to achieve target 1 of the United Nations’ Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development. This approach should entail the establishment of legal frameworks that promote accountability for political actors and protect the rights of the poor. PubDate: 2023-05-20
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Abstract: This study explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on low-income, Latinx mothers in Southern California with a history of depression, including undocumented mothers and members of mixed status families. Drawing participants from a parent study that provided a maternal depression intervention to Head Start mothers (n = 119), this mixed method study integrates qualitative and quantitative data in a convergent design. Thirty-four mothers completed semi-structured qualitative interviews and standardized questionnaires in the fall of 2020. Mothers shared overwhelming economic difficulties, with the majority reporting that their family income decreased and half reporting that they were unable to pay for housing. Stressors were compounded for undocumented mothers and members of mixed-status families who were excluded from major relief programs. Stress affected maternal mental health, and mothers with precarious status reported differences in functioning. Mothers also identified positive ways that they coped with adversity. Results show that Latinx mothers with a history of depression, particularly mothers with precarious immigration status, continue to suffer considerable economic, social, and emotional impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Social workers can support the human rights of this population by advocating for financial relief, food assistance, and the expansion of medical-legal partnerships and physical and mental health services. PubDate: 2023-05-11
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Abstract: COVID-19 emerged as a global pandemic of the twenty-first century. It has created a huge burden on society. More specifically, it has turned into one of the health risks that threaten to undermine societal order in general. The global effort to save humanity from this public health crisis is heavily reliant on professional social workers. According to the study’s qualitative findings and perspectives on social workers’ experiences in the health sector, the COVID-19 response is addressed. This study explores the function and difficulties faced by frontline social workers through an empirical phenomenological approach. Primary data for this study was gathered from 20 social workers from the leading healthcare institutions in Tamil Nadu using purposive and snowball sampling. The study focuses on three key conclusions, including the requirement for interdisciplinary expertise to address the multifaceted effects of pandemics, perceived difficulties in pandemic practice, and obstacles in service provision. The report offers recommendations for advancing social work initiatives as a conclusion. It also explains how modern social work may benefit healthcare facilities better in the fight against the pandemic. PubDate: 2023-05-05
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Abstract: Child trafficking is one of the cruelest crimes that could ever be committed. Not only is it a criminal offense throughout the world but it is also a violation of several human rights and child rights. The present article explores the meaning, objectives, and consequences of this abhorrent act along with its prevalence globally and in India. However, the crux of the article is on the role of human rights education and social work practice in arresting the growth of child trafficking in India. Human rights education in India is the need of the hour, especially since it has the capacity to not just enlighten the public about their human rights and the rights of children, and because it can motivate professionals to shoulder their responsibility to reduce the prevalence of child trafficking in the country. Human rights education can also empower vulnerable communities who have been historically denied of their dignity, to rise and protect their children from such crimes. The three major models of human rights education are discussed and how they can be used to address the issue of child trafficking. Finally, the role of social workers in addressing this issue is discussed. Human rights education and social work practice have several facets in common that have the capability to greatly reduce the prevalence of child trafficking in the country. PubDate: 2023-05-04
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Abstract: With a population dividend of around 1.3 billion, India is the largest democracy in the world that encompasses “unity in diversity”. The kaleidoscope of the socio-cultural fabric comprises the transgender population too, which has a historical context dating back millennia and also plays a vital role as described in Hindu scriptures. The Indian transgender person‘s community shows a variety of gender identities and sexual orientations, which is unlikely from the West, forming a culturally unique gender group. In India, transgender persons were recognised as the ‘third gender’ in 2014. The third gender population of India is marginalised to a great extent in every sector. Often, transgender persons have been the subjects of sociology, psychology, and health issues. There was a dearth of data regarding their major health problems including bone health, which has not been reported in India and elsewhere before this study. Through a prospective cross-sectional study design, we aimed to determine the current health status of transgender persons with a special emphasis on bone health. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. The preliminary results of the study show poor bone health in the transgender population of India. The majority of transgender persons have low bone mineral density (BMD) at a much young age, even before the achievement of their peak bone mass. The health status of the transgender population in India is poor overall. Transgender persons have many impediments to optimal healthcare that requires holistic care. This study presents the current health challenges of the transgender population with a special emphasis on their bone health status as ‘AIIMS initiative’. This study also shows transgender persons human rights needs to be explicitly discussed. The stakeholders of social policies require an urgent attention to unfold the major concerns encompassing transgender persons. PubDate: 2023-04-29
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Abstract: Zimbabwe has not been spared by the coronavirus disease COVID-19 which has wreaked havoc throughout the world. The country is currently grappling with the pandemic against a background of multiple complex socio-economic conditions. Unfortunately, COVID-19 has escalated prevalent human rights concerns and challenges, including health disparities, poverty, child sexual abuse, access to education, and freedom of speech. Although vaccines are an important tool for reducing the incidence of life-threatening diseases, social determinants of health contribute to vaccine hesitancy. This paper is based on scoping literature review of various relevant materials on the social determinants of health that are inhibiting Zimbabwe’s COVID-19 vaccination programme. This paper aims to contribute to the ongoing discourses on COVID-19. Four main themes are highlighted as social determinants of COVID-19 vaccination: (i) vaccination priority groups; (ii) vaccination hesitancy due to myths; (iii) social exclusion; and (iv) corruption. Findings are discussed in light of the implications to the right to health and other related rights. We recommend that governments of developing countries and stakeholders intensify myth-busting campaigns if vaccination programmes are to gain currency. We further call for the inclusion of priority groups such as persons with disabilities and the elderly on the vaccination priority list. PubDate: 2023-04-28
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Abstract: Children are entitled to a host of rights cutting across the socio-economic and cultural fabric. These are contained in various international and regional conventions such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child among many more. The concept of childhood is socially constructed therefore childhood is neither a natural nor universal feature of human groups but rather a specific cultural component of given societies. The paper is based on a qualitative study in which purposively selected 40 Indigenous Knowledge Systems experts and 11 social workers drawn from Mozambique and Zimbabwe participated in the study. The article explores the Vatsonga people’s markers of childhood drawing lessons for social workers working with indigenous groups. The findings revealed that childhood among the Vatsonga is not determined by chronological numeric age but by various markers such as maturity and rites of passage. Childhood was romanticised by the Vatsonga as a period of innocence and irrationality. Children were viewed as of great value as they represent the posterity of society and a gift from their ancestors. We conclude that a people’s construction of childhood has a bearing on upholding child rights hence it is important for social workers to have an understanding of their clients’ views on childhood to effectively prevent child rights violations. PubDate: 2023-03-24
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Abstract: Domestic violence is a significant health issue and a violation of women’s rights worldwide. Australia signed the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) in 1983 and committed to eliminating gender-based violence. Social workers are at the forefront of the fight against domestic violence in Australia. They should be equipped with relevant skills and nuanced understandings of contributing factors in women’s experiences of domestic violence. This paper argues that cultural and religious factors contribute to Muslim women’s domestic lived experiences and their responses to addressing domestic violence. The discussion through this paper elaborates on how cultural and religious elements within Muslim communities could be both emancipatory and oppressive. The paper also provides a culturally and religiously competent human rights approach for social work practice to address a conflict between cultural obligations and women’s choices to maintain women's self-determination. The human rights lens could help social workers include women in decision-making when addressing domestic violence where there is a conflict between their self-determination and religious requirements. PubDate: 2023-03-24
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Abstract: Human rights advocates work towards the inclusion of people of various identities, including people of diverse LGBTQ+ identities, cultural identities, and education. The purpose of this research note is to explore the intersection of lower- and working-class identity with race, gender, and educational attainment in a sample of LGBTQ+ workers in New York. Findings of the pilot study were that LGBTQ+ people from lower- and working-class backgrounds reported differences in risk of reporting heterosexism and likelihood the complaint would be taken seriously. Education and gender were significant factors in the sample. Implications and possible interventions for human rights advocates are provided. PubDate: 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1007/s41134-023-00241-8
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Abstract: Strict lockdown measures and the pandemic brought immense risks and misery to those already living on the margins of society before the COVID-19 crisis even hit the world. The present study was conducted with rag-pickers, one of the marginalized groups living in Jaipur city of India. The lives of these marginalized populations became more complicated during the pandemic. Due to movement restrictions during the lockdown, access to primary resources was further reduced — from water and sanitation to food, health, and employment, impacting the care and protection they could provide their young children. Rag-pickers, one of the most marginalized communities that face social stigma, struggled to cope with daily life challenges. Young children in such families suffered alongside their parents when the families could not continue their livelihood and lost all sources of income. This paper aims to deepen the understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on the nurturing care of children below eight years of age living in Jaipur, India, accentuating the human rights violations they face right from birth. Many humanitarian relief measures poured in during the lockdown period distributing free food packets and dry rations to the marginalized families. COVID-19 increased parenting challenges for this community. Protection of these families during the ongoing pandemic as well as future pandemics must become a strategic imperative. The paper enumerates feasible social work responses to the issues rag-pickers and their children confront. PubDate: 2023-03-09 DOI: 10.1007/s41134-023-00239-2
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Abstract: This study assesses the role of mining companies in providing social security benefits to mining workers and the local community. It has used primary data collected from adult mining workers in 257 households working in public and private sector mines. The result finds inadequate social security benefits are delivered to mining workers and the local people. The profit-making behavior of mining companies, casual job contracts of workers, and poor monitoring and implementation of the mining laws are primarily responsible for workers’ deprivation from such fundamental rights. However, we observed that publicly managed mines are relatively better than privately managed mines in providing social security to the workers and area. In this context, recommendations of the study include strict implementation of mine laws, permanent job contract to workers, provision of employment for women both in open-cast and underground mines with proper social protection and security, necessary infrastructural development in the locality, and involvement of professional social workers to fight against the violation of human rights in the mining periphery. PubDate: 2023-03-01
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Abstract: The goals of social work are linked with the realization of universal human rights as essential to a just society. This article explores the links between violations of human rights and corruption, with a focus on the private sector and recent initiatives by the United Nations on the matter. It demonstrates that these links are not well-defined in the literature, which reflects itself in the behavior of companies. As the issue becomes more present in the private sector, it is pressing that more studies are done on the links between corruption and human rights violations. PubDate: 2023-03-01
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Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic caused dilemmas for the most vulnerable populations around the world. This article describes the gendered effects of the pandemic on Ugandan women’s rights and wellbeing and provides suggestions for local and international practice. Mandatory lockdowns and movement restrictions created negative implications for women’s attainment of economic, social, cultural, political and civil rights and intensified pre-existing gender inequalities between women and men. The findings of intensified gender inequities, gender-based violence, sexual abuse, scanty access to reproductive health services and social justice, and barriers to participation in education, employment and politics indicate that response measures were not aligned with the government’s legal and policy framework for addressing gender inequities. This research indicates that governments, civil society organisations and the international community must undertake proper gender analysis in designing response measures and guidelines not only for COVID-19 but also in other emergencies. All response measures during emergencies must be coordinated, monitored and evaluated to ensure efficient and effective protection of the vulnerable and conformity to human rights standards. PubDate: 2023-03-01
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Abstract: This article is part of a larger study completed on the Northern Triangle of Central America. The study presented here covers the issue of gangs and intersectionality with other factors that perpetuate conditions of human exploitation, touches on possible intervention strategies, and finally criticizes the continued use of iron-fisted policies over social interventions. I use a meta-analysis approach combined with document analysis to argue that mano dura is on the horizon for Guatemala once again, as political rhetoric and congressional, judicial, and executive power interplay to answer the call to “do something” with the tried and failed heavy-handed policies of the past and of Guatemala’s neighbors. In this article, I delve into the current political maelstrom surrounding the issues of gang power, recruitment, and proliferation and how Guatemala seeks to combat this crisis, ignoring alternatives which have been tried as a means of deterring gang activities and reducing gang-related violence, deferring to mano dura policies instead. Studies support that mano dura is an ineffective and counter-productive anti-gang strategy, but indicators are pointing toward a resurgence of this brand of counter-violence as President Giammattei calls for an attack on gangs “with all the weight and rigor that the law will allow.” The consequences of such an approach will have profound implications for policymakers, social workers, human rights advocates, law enforcement and legal advocates, and other stakeholders. PubDate: 2023-03-01
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Abstract: This research examined all social work programs in the USA to determine if free-standing human sexuality courses were required or offered. Human sexuality is both a human right and an integral part of our individual and collective identity and well-being. Human sexuality covers a wide range of content areas, defining our species and how we inhabit the world across generations and lifespans. Beginning in the 1990s, the focus on human sexuality in social work education diminished but seems to be experiencing a resurgence in interest. Using web addresses listed on the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) website, the websites of all accredited social work programs were reviewed, with focus on study plans and course descriptions. Out of 497 BSW programs and 295 MSW programs, three undergraduate social work programs and no master’s social work programs required a free-standing course in human sexuality. However, 34 BSW programs and 23 MSW programs offer a free-standing course in human sexuality as an elective social work course. PubDate: 2023-03-01
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Abstract: The natural environment and sustainability play an increasingly important role in social work as a discipline and profession. This is often described as the ecosocial paradigm. Even though the paradigm shares important ethical foundations with human rights–based social work, the connection between both is rarely examined in social work scholarship. This article addresses the gap by asking the following questions: How is the ecosocial paradigm linked to the human rights discourse in social work' What is the environmental dimension of human rights, and what implications does it have for social work' How can a human rights–based social work encompass the environmental dimension' In response, the article argues for the integration of new environmental perspectives into human rights–based social work. First, it shows that social work needs to refocus on collective human rights, such as the right to a healthy environment, recently recognized by the United Nations. Regarding the rights of children and youth, good examples of social work advocacy can already be found. Second, research knowledge and practice within the ecosocial paradigm are valuable resources for human rights–based social work, mainly regarding environmental justice and the principle of sustainability. Ultimately, it is only possible to strive for the realization of human rights, social change, and an inclusive and sustainable future if the natural environment is integrated as a social work concern. PubDate: 2023-01-25 DOI: 10.1007/s41134-022-00236-x
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Abstract: Transgender and gender-expansive (TGE) individuals face unique barriers concerning family issues relate to marriage, divorce, estate planning, adoption, employment, and identification. As TGE individuals gain recognition under the law and in evolving social policy, issues related to the family are emerging. Social workers have an ethical obligation to become competent in issues related to TGE persons and their families. This paper explored changing policies and laws and the social work response in relation to the NASW Code of Ethics. PubDate: 2023-01-25 DOI: 10.1007/s41134-022-00235-y
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Abstract: The history of the heavy presence of South Sudanese refugees in Northern Uganda dates way back to 1955 when the first group of refugees came to Uganda. The purpose of this study was to investigate the functionality of humanitarian aid principles in addressing the refugee question in the settlements. We adopted a cross-sectional study design and used a mix of quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were collected using structured questionnaires with 203 household heads and an interview guide with 7 officials from humanitarian aid agencies and Adjumani District Local Government. Results show moderate to low adherence to humanitarian aid principles as observed by principles of humanity (mean = 3.3, SD = 0.67), impartiality (mean = 3.0, SD = 0.52), independence (mean = 2.2, SD = 0.53), and neutrality (mean = 1.6, SD = 0.58). Correlation analysis shows a significant positive relationship between the principles of humanity; impartiality; and neutrality with the conditions for refugee settlement (r = 0.262, p < 0.01; r = 0.452, p < 0.01; r = 0.268, p < 0.01) respectively, but the principle of independence has no statistically significant relationship with the conditions for refugee settlement, the relationship measured at 95% level of confidence. The multivariable test for association shows a significant positive effect between adherence to the principles of impartiality (β = 0.272, p < 0.01), neutrality (β = 0.168, p < 0.01), and level of education with positive perception in the conditions for refugee settlement. While the number of years spent in the refugee settlement has a negative effect on the perceived condition in refugee settlement (β = − 0.061, p < 0.05). Refugees need to have a positive attitude towards the services delivered by the humanitarian aid agencies. Refugees through their leadership should be supported to advocate and demand inclusion in the decision-making process for projects that affect them and to hold the aid agencies accountable in the implementation of the projects in the settlements. PubDate: 2022-11-09 DOI: 10.1007/s41134-022-00232-1
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