|
|
- Adverse Childhood Experiences and Subjective Well-Being of Migrants:
Exploring the Role of Resilience and Gender Differences-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Rate this result:
What is this?
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: The issue of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) poses a significant global problem for welfare and health interventions. The link between ACEs and well-being underscores the importance of addressing this problem through research and policy development. While there is a growing body of research on ACEs, insufficient attention is paid to their influences on migrants. The present study examined the interrelationship between ACEs, resilience, and subjective well-being among 470 international migrants in China through a cross-sectional web-based design. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), the study draws on the revised inventory of ACEs, the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), and the combined scales of subjective health, subjective happiness, and psychological health to measure subjective well-being. Based on the findings, migrants’ ACEs were negatively associated with subjective well-being (β= -0.44; p < 0.001). In addition, a positive association was also found between ACEs and resilience (β = 0.12; p < 0.05), however, a negative association was found between resilience and subjective well-being (β=-0.21; p < 0.001). ACEs of the migrants are associated with subjective well-being via resilience but with a significant trade-off in subjective well-being i.e., a dampening effect (β=-0.024 (SE = 0.008, CI = [-0.034, -0.004], p < 0.05). The findings of the study suggest that ACEs negatively influenced the subjective well-being of both males and females. However, the association between ACEs and resilience was significant only among female migrants. Interventions promoting well-being should seek a positive family environment to eradicate the transmission of adversities across the life course and provide population-specific and trauma-buffering resources such as cultural adaptation, social inclusion, and mental health support for at-risk migrant populations.
PubDate: 2023-09-07
- Does Contract Farming in Cash Crops Guarantee Food Security Among
Smallholder Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Out-Growers' An
Instrumental Variable Approach-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Rate this result:
What is this?
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: The promotion of cash crop production to address food insecurity and hunger presents one of the main agenda in developing countries. This paper sought to examine whether sugarcane cultivation improves food security among smallholder sugarcane growers in Kilombero, Tanzania. The study recruited 186 smallholder sugarcane out-growers from two villages, namely, Kitete and Kidogobasi. An instrument variable estimation technique was applied to examine the role of sugarcane farming in improving food security. The results show that income from sugarcane cultivation does not improve food security among smallholder sugarcane out-growers in the study area. Similarly, household food insecurity was at 18.3% prevalence among sugarcane out-growers, while 20.43% of the entire sugarcane out-growers experienced severe food insecurity. The paper recommends for policies and agriculture initiatives to encourage the use of mixed agriculture practices under which the smallholder farmers cultivate both food and cash crops to reduce household food shortage and improve their welfare.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Toward Flood Volunteerism in Bangladesh:
A Gender-Based Analysis with Policy Implications-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Rate this result:
What is this?
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: The main purpose of this study was to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of flood-affected communities toward volunteerism. The study focused on a gender perspective to show the level of differences. The study followed a quantitative approach to collect, analyze, and present the data. A total of 410 samples were randomly selected for the study. A structured questionnaire with bivariate and multivariate indicators was used to collect data. Chi-square test, t-test, central tendency analysis, and variance analysis were performed to assess the differences between female and male responses. Results showed that there is a significant difference between female and male community members in terms of knowledge and attitude toward flood volunteerism. Female members were more aware of flood-related impacts (p < 0.05) and were more knowledgeable of the importance of flood volunteers (p < 0.05). On the other hand, male members were more interested to become flood volunteers (p < 0.05) and had skills to share with others (p < 0.001). The study did not find any significant differences in practices related to flood volunteerism between men and women. The study is conducted to show the importance of communities in flood risk management. A community with a higher level of knowledge, attitude, and practice toward flood volunteerism can be a great resource. None of the participants of the study had any training on flood volunteerism which is a major area where policies can be developed. The research indicated some policy-level implications which are implementable and attainable for ensuring a resilient country.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Analyzing the Impact of Climate-Smart Agriculture on Household Welfare in
Subsistence Mixed Farming System: Evidence from Geshy Watershed, Southwest
Ethiopia-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Rate this result:
What is this?
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: This study assesses the effect of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) technology adoption on the welfare status of households in a subsistence mixed farming system in the Geshy watershed, South West Ethiopia. Due to the changing climate, characterized by changes in patterns of rainfall and rising temperature, the livelihoods of smallholder rural farmers in the Geshy watershed are highly threatened. For these households that are highly dependent on rain-fed agriculture, coping mechanisms, proper adaptation, and mitigation measures are hence important steps to secure household incomes and livelihoods. CSA offers this opportunity. A survey data collected from 384 households cross-sectionally was used to analyze the impact of CSA on food security and household income. The research model used in this study was the endogenous switching regression model which controls unobserved heterogeneity and selection bias, a method used commonly in analyzing adoption impacts. The study comes up with various socioeconomic and agricultural factors influencing food security and CSA adoption. The econometric analysis result shows that the variables that had a significant impact on farmers’ decisions for CSA adoption were field soil fertility status, distance to market, asset ownership, and livestock ownership. The average values of the treatment effects of the untreated (ATU) and treated (ATT) result in a positive and significant impact on farmers’ welfare. Factors such as household head education, size of labor, livestock size, and asset index significantly affected household income. The level of education, the size of irrigable land, and livestock size influenced food security. This study concludes that households that adopted more CSA practices experience better welfare. Access to inputs, encouraging investments in assets, irrigation, and livestock production, providing incentives to input dealers for rural areas decentralization, and access to weather forecasts need to be improved to exploit the full potential of climate-smart agriculture technologies as policy recommendations.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Agriculture Productivity and Farmers’ Health in Tanzania: Analysis
on Maize Subsector-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Rate this result:
What is this?
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: In recent years, concerns over farmers’ health and productivity have drawn great attention due to the global agenda on food security and the eradication of extreme poverty. Moreover, studies have proven that, the shortage of food in developing countries has been largely connected to climate change, but no study has examined to what extent diseases have affected agricultural productivity in these countries. This paper, therefore, examines the effects of farmers’ health on agricultural productivity focusing on Tanzania’s maize subsector using panel survey data 2019/20. The paper employed Ordinary least Square and Two Stage Least Square (2SLS) to address the endogeneity of health variables in productivity equation. Findings revealed that major illnesses among farmers in Tanzania were malaria (27%), HIV/AIDS (22%), cholera (18%), typhoid (15%), schistosomiasis (9%), non communicable diseases (6%) and the side effects of agricultural chemical inputs (3%). Additionally, having contracted diseases, farmers’ productivity has been lowered significantly and differently across all diseases such as HIV/AIDS (66.8%), malaria (56.3%), cholera (25.1%), typhoid (11.75%), non communicable diseases (29%) and schistosomiasis (1.4%). This paper recommends that agricultural development programs in developing countries should take into account the improvement of rural health care services. Moreover, due to the economic characteristics of most of the rural farmers, the study recommends for the establishment of subsided famers’ health insurance schemes in order to reduce the burden of diseases affecting farmers’ welfare.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Food Safety Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Food Handlers at Food
Service Establishments in Southern Tigray, Ethiopia-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Rate this result:
What is this?
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: In large food establishments, food is handled by many individuals, thereby increasing the chances of contamination leading to foodborne illness. Foodborne illness is a major public health problem worldwide. Improper practice, a poor attitude, and a lack of knowledge by food handlers are its contributing factors. The purpose of this study was to assess food handlers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice of food safety, as well as the microbiological quality of food served in food service establishments in Mohoni District, Southern Tigray, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 343 randomly selected participants from January to May 2020. Data were collected through an interviewer-administered, pretested questionnaire and through observation. The quantitative data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science Software Version 25. Furthermore; forty-one (41) food samples were aseptically collected from 10% of the total food establishments included in the present study and tested for their microbiological quality. Food handlers had a good level of knowledge (73.8%) and a positive attitude (64.4%) but poor hygienic practices (57.7%). Sex (AOR = 3.812, 95% CI = 2.184–6.6530), secondary education (AOR = 4.472, 95% CI = 1.318–17.053), and diploma and above levels (AOR = 8.672, 95% CI = 2.239–33.592) were associated with the knowledge of study participants toward food safety. Work experience of at least 4 years (AOR = 2.094, CI = 1.286–3.409) was also significantly associated with food handlers’ attitudes toward food safety. There were significant associations between sex (AOR = 6.477, 95% CI = 3.692–11.362), marital status (AOR = 0.257, 95% CI = 0.085–0.773), secondary education level (AOR = 4.947, 95% CI = 1.108–22.086), and diploma and higher education level (AOR = 13.126, 95% CI = 2.799–61.567), and the level of food handling practices. Furthermore, the microbial count of food samples was generally higher than the permissible limits of food safety standards. Food handlers’ food safety knowledge and attitude did not result in good food safety practices, which resulted in unacceptable food quality. Thus, due attention should be given to improve food handling practices through regular supervision of the food establishments and providing continuous training for food service employees.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Climate-Smart Agriculture Technologies and Smallholder Farmers’ Welfare:
Evidence from Cashew Nuts (Anacardium occidentale) Farming System in
Lindi, Tanzania-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Rate this result:
What is this?
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: This study assessed the effect of the adoption of climate-smart cashew nut technologies on smallholder farmers’ welfare in Lindi, Tanzania. Multivariate probit, endogenous switching regression, and inverse-probability-weighted regression adjustment were used for analysis. Empirical results on the levels of adoption revealed that 46.53% of the farm households planted improved cashew varieties, 79.21% used pesticides/herbicides, and 21.29% used inorganic fertilizers. Significant factors that influence the probability of interrelated adoption of climate-smart cashew nut technologies were off-farm income, extension contacts, access to credit, farm size, cooperative member, years of formal education, cashew farming experience, household age, and gender. The results further revealed that the adoption of climate-smart cashew nut technologies improves the farmers’ welfare. The study recommends the improvements in extension services, enlargement of the cashew farm sizes, financial support for farmers, strengthening cooperative societies unions, and improvement on technologies disseminations.
PubDate: 2023-09-01
- Psychosocial Correlates, Risk, and Protective Factors of Substance Use
Among Middle School Students in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Rate this result:
What is this?
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
PubDate: 2023-08-31
- Exploring the Impact of Self-Help Groups on Empowering Rural Women: an
Examination of the Moderating Role of Self-Help Group Membership Using
Structural Equation Modeling-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Rate this result:
What is this?
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: The purpose of this research is to create a statistical model that can predict how much rural women’s empowerment increases as a result of their involvement in SHGs. The study also aims to determine whether women participating in self-help groups has a moderating effect on women’s empowerment. Factor analysis and partial least square structural equation modeling are used to achieve this study’s objective. Multigroup analysis examines SHG membership as moderators. The present research used a purposive sampling strategy to collect data from 228 women who have actively participated and 221 women who have not actively part in SHG rural areas of eastern West Bengal. The present study utilized partial least square and structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine and evaluate a hypothesis concerning the correlation between the involvement of women in Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and their empowerment. The results show that women’s empowerment is significantly affected by all four constructs of economic empowerment (β = 0.267, t = 4.706, p = 0.000), social empowerment (β = 0.105, t = 2.065, p = 0.0039), political empowerment (β = 0.147, t = 2.798, p = 0.005), and psychological empowerment (β = 0.156, t = 2.631, p = 0.009). The moderation effect of membership in SHGs is high in the case of economic and social empowerment of women. Women’s participation in SHGs is associated with increased economic activity and social empowerment; hence, both governments should conduct more awareness programs to encourage women to join SHGs.
PubDate: 2023-08-23
- Governance of Urban Infrastructure in India: Exploring the Approaches,
Attributes, and Opportunities Towards Sustainability-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Rate this result:
What is this?
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Of late, infrastructural issues have become the prime concern of urban governance in India. Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), which are constitutionally responsible for grass-root-level governance, do not have the sufficient financial independence to govern infrastructure comprehensively. Thus, a supply-demand anomaly is always evident. In the prevailing federal structure, the strategic framework of institutional devolution is incapable of satisfying the citizen’s demands. By applying inductive logic and identifying the attributes, roles, and responsibilities of urban infrastructure governance actors, this paper investigates the theoretical and normative trajectory. Accordingly, a wide range of literature was consulted and empirically evaluated in the existing framework of governance. Shedding some light on the global scenario of urban infrastructure governance, this study emphasises bridging the state, private, and individual gap. Though the central government is expected to set up the strategic framework, state and local governments will act on the field towards engineering an environment to promote pro-citizen governance towards sustainability.
PubDate: 2023-08-16
- Spatial Inequality of Social Development—a Case Study in Paschim
Medinipur District, West Bengal, India-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Rate this result:
What is this?
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: In this study, a composite index is developed to evaluate the variation in human development across the sub-divisional blocks. The social development index (SDI) of the Paschim Medinipur district has been calculated and premeditated based on eight fundamental indices, including literacy, female literacy, school availability, the status of safe drinking water, the availability of electrified mosques, the availability of hospital beds, worker status, and urbanisation status, using a methodology developed by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). To evaluate the social development index in the Paschim Medinipur district, ordinary least regression (OLR) analysis was performed. To determine how closely the SDI variables are related to one another, a cross-correlation matrix is computed. A well-developed SDI is made up of the Garhbeta-III block. This area of the block has a higher percentage of schools, drinkable water, electricity, and literacy levels. An adjusted R-squared score of 0.947 indicates that the estimated model’s explanatory factors account for around 94% of the variation in the dependent variable. In this regard, the social development index (HDI) value, geographical demarcation, and spatial layout of the blocks provide a comprehensive view of the social development of the blocks in the Paschim Medinipur district.
PubDate: 2023-08-15
- Intimate Partner Violence in (Un)-Romantic Relations: Its Spatial
Dimensions in the Indian Context-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Rate this result:
What is this?
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Partner abuse is a significant contributor to total crimes in India. Atrocities against women in conjugal relations form the core of intimate partner violence (IPV). The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) shows spike in the number of cases reported from 4.8% in 2001 to 20.5% 2021 under cruelty against women by their spouses. This apparently means a dismal situation, but it also implies that reporting of intimate atrocities to the law keepers to address the issue have augmented in some cases whereas reporting is a constraint otherwise; and thus, the situation demands a deliberation from social research perspective. Romantic spaces dwelled by couples are apparently meant to be the spaces of affection, love, and safety. But under certain circumstances these turn out to be spaces of violence and abuse. This work explores the spatial variation of victimization of women in intimate romantic spaces in States of India. The study is based on secondary data procured from National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-5, 2019–2021. Quantitative methods applied in the study include determining the spatial variation of the IPV victimization in the States of India have been represented using Standard Score and framing a violence index. Various narratives collected from social media and other gender-based academic literature have been addressed in order to establish the subjective perception of the victims to their victimization and responses to the same.
PubDate: 2023-08-09
- Substance Abuse Among Elderly in India: Evidence Based on Study on Global
Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) Wave 1-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Rate this result:
What is this?
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Background Population aging is a common phenomenon in developing countries. The prevalence of substance abuse among elderly is becoming an increasingly significant public health concern. The objective of this study is to examine alcohol and tobacco consumption patterns among elderly population in India and the various factors influencing them. Materials and Methods The present study used Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) Wave 1 data. Data analysis involved bi-variate and multivariate analysis to examine association between outcomes and explanatory variables, while logistic regression was applied to analyze determinants of substance abuse among elderly in India. Results The findings indicate that elderly population of age group 60–64 years were more likely to consume alcohol compared to other age group, with the highest prevalence among the poorest wealth quintiles and lowest among richer ones. Among all the states, Maharashtra exhibited the highest percentage of alcohol users, while Assam had the highest proportion of tobacco users in comparison to the other states. Conclusion The Indian government must address the hidden epidemic of elderly substance abuse by increasing awareness and strengthening public health facilities. Policies and programs should focus on raising awareness and addressing the hazardous effects of substance abuse.
PubDate: 2023-08-09
- Commercialization of Home Through Homestay Tourism: A Study on Chatakpur
of Darjeeling District (India) in Commensurate to ASEAN Standard and
Revisit Intention-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Rate this result:
What is this?
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Homestays are a key component of the tourist infrastructure that can draw both domestic and international visitors. Tourists who book a homestay get the opportunity to meet locals and experience their way of life. Unfortunately, it continues to be ignored, particularly in the domestic market, and it also falls short of what customers want from both domestic and international tourists. To satisfy the demands of the national plan and create a sustainable business, homestay management should be conducted in accordance with international standards. The major goal of this study is to learn more about homestay management in Chatakpur village, which is located in the Himalayan region of India's Darjeeling district, in relation to the ASEAN Homestay Standard, as well as the destination image-experience-satisfaction behavioral intents for likelihood of return. Using the ASEAN Homestay Standard indicators, the management traits of the homestays in Chatakpur village were determined. Nine categories, including host, lodging, activities, management, location, hygiene and cleanliness, safety and security, marketing and promotion, and sustainability principles, make up the indicators. This study employed a descriptive qualitative research approach. Data were gathered from 25 homestay owners and 125 tourists. The findings imply that visitor satisfaction has a significant influence in experience value, willingness to return, and recommendation of the Chatakpur village following their returns. When designing and offering Chatakpur village as tourist attractions, tour operators might take advantage of some useful advice from our research. Governments and non-profit organisations attempting to promote Chatakpur village's homestay tourism should benefit from the findings.
PubDate: 2023-07-27
- Gender Parity in Urbanizing City: A Case Study of Barasat City, India
-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Rate this result:
What is this?
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: For sustainable urbanization, promoting equal value for men and women is indispensable. Although an urban environment provides women greater admittance to education, health and well-being, jobs, services, and infrastructure, compared to women living in rural areas, there are still disparities in access and opportunities for women within a city. The study emphasizes adopting a comprehensive and intersectional approach to assess the spatial variation of gender equality, which takes into account the multidimensional nature of gender-driven disparities and the effect of unplanned urbanization by integrating geoinformatics with geostatistics. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to create a composite index of gender parity that covers multiple dimensions of gender parity, i.e., health parity, social parity, economic parity, education parity, and empowerment parity. The use of the local indicator of spatial association statistics has conclusively demonstrated the capability of identifying specific clusters of greater gender parity and outliers. The built-up area has been estimated by remote sensing technique, and the percentage of built-up has been used as the measure of the level of urbanization. The correlation allows the calculation of relationships among different dimensions of gender parity and built-up percentage. It has been found that the built-up strongly influences economic parity followed by health and educational parity. While correlating among the dimensions of gender parity, it has been observed that educational parity has the strongest impact on improving overall gender parity. By identifying spatial locations of poor gender parity and the key determinants of gender parity, policymakers can allocate resources and develop targeted interventions to address the specific needs of those areas. Additionally, incorporating gender parity considerations into urban planning can help ensure that urban development is more inclusive and responsive to the needs of women.
PubDate: 2023-07-27
- Prevalence and Determinants of Anaemia Among Under-Five Children in West
Bengal: An Insight from the National Family Health Survey 2015–2016-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Rate this result:
What is this?
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Background and Objectives The prevalence of anaemia during childhood is a serious health problem and a major burden of disease in India. According to NFHS-4, in India, about 58.4% of children suffered from anaemia which hugely contributes to childhood illness, morbidity, and mortality. Therefore, estimating the level of anaemia during childhood, and the significant determinants of childhood anaemia at the sub-national level, is essential for the improvement of child health status in India. The main aim of the study is to determine blood haemoglobin levels, the prevalence of anaemia among children from different socio-demographic groups and geographic regions, and the significant drivers in West Bengal. Methods We used NFHS-4 data for this analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Z-test were used to examine the variation in blood haemoglobin level among children from different backgrounds. Chi-square and multinomial logistic regression were used to outline significant heterogeneity in the prevalence of anaemia across different categories of background variables and to identify significant determinants of the prevalence of anaemia during childhood in West Bengal, respectively. Results The study significantly identified a higher prevalence of any kind of anaemia among the children in the early age group, living with 20–29-year-old, thin, anaemic mothers, belonging to urban areas, lower economic groups, and live in the northern part of West Bengal. Besides, a higher chance of moderate or severe anaemia was noticed among smaller-sized births and the Scheduled Tribe community. Conclusions Policymakers must consider the major driving factors of childhood anaemia to frame adequate strategies for eliminating anaemia. The study suggests more initiatives and investments for supplying adequate nutrition and quality health and medical care to the early-aged children, undernourished mothers (thin, anaemic), ST community, and poor families in the study area. This initiative may help improve child health (Sustainable Development Goal 03) and reduce inequality (SDG 10) in health status across various socio-demographic, economic groups, and regions within the state.
PubDate: 2023-07-14
DOI: 10.1007/s40609-023-00299-2
- Food Hygiene Practices and Associated Factors Among Street Food Vendors in
Northeastern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Rate this result:
What is this?
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Street foods are ready-made meals, relatively inexpensive and easily accessible for the marginal people in developing countries. However, the lack of proper hygiene among vendors and the safety of the vending site make the street food sector a serious threat to public health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of food hygiene practice and associated factors among street food vendors in Northeastern Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was performed among 422 street food vendors using a pre-tested structured questionnaire and an observation checklist from February 2020 to April 2020. Quantitative descriptive statistics were used to analyse the acquired data, employing frequency, percentage, and mean. The strength of association between the independent variables and food hygiene practices was assessed first using bivariate logistic regression analysis at a p-value of ≤ 0.25. Those of the fitted variables were further evaluated in the multivariate logistic regression model analysis to identify the associated factors at p-values < 0.05 and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR). As a result, 181(42.8%) of the street food vendors had a good level of food hygiene and safety practices. Regression analysis showed that the monthly income ≥ 2500 ETB per month (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.29, 5.21), food vendors work experience ≥ 3 years (AOR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.06, 4.11), medical check-up of street food vendors (AOR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.07, 7.18) and access to onsite water supply (AOR = 55.02, 95% CI = 6.60, 458.47) were significantly associated with food hygiene practices of the street vendors. The overall hygiene practice of street food vendors in the study area were poor. To improve the overall food hygiene practices, the street vendors should establish a good level of basic water supply, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) facilities in the study area.
PubDate: 2023-07-06
DOI: 10.1007/s40609-023-00303-9
- Participation in Practice in Community-Driven Development Projects in
Afghanistan: A Case Study of Herat City-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Rate this result:
What is this?
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Poverty, lack of volunteering culture, and low level of literacy are some of the problems that challenge the true engagement of local communities in decision-making processes in developing countries. For effective engagement of communities in local projects, the World Bank has initiated the community-driven development (CDD) approach in Afghanistan. One of the CDD’s programs was the Citizens Charter National Priority Program (CNPP) that reached the end of its first phase in 2020. Throughout the program, the World Bank has provided the basic services to urban and rural communities across Afghanistan. This research tends to assess to what extent people participated in the community-driven development projects in Afghanistan with special focus on Herat city, a city located in western Afghanistan. Applying a qualitative research approach, we conducted 61 semi-structured in-depth interviews with community development experts, urban managers, and members of community development councils in Herat city. Although citizens have participated in some aspects of the program, e.g., elections, establishment of community development councils (CDCs), prioritization, and implementation of infrastructure projects, this research has questioned the sustainability of CNPP. Despite the effectiveness of the program—economically speaking—CNPP has failed to truly engage women and underserved communities in decision-making process. Added to this, the program has been considered unsuccessful in empowering local communities and in institutionalizing the concept of “citizen participation.” Moreover, it was also revealed that CCNPP prioritizes service delivery over social issues (e.g., empowerment, active participation of the citizens, institutionalization of CDCs, sustainable and continuous performance of CDCs, and public awareness). For sustainable operation of CDCs, the Afghan government should recognize CDCs as integral parts of the Afghan political system.
PubDate: 2023-07-06
DOI: 10.1007/s40609-023-00301-x
- Unpacking Urban Environmental Visions and Contestations of Street Vendors
in Kolkata, West Bengal-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Rate this result:
What is this?
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Street vendors, more popularly known as “hawkers” in South Asia, constitute a visible part of the urban informal population in India and often settle down for sale in public spaces like city streets, sidewalks, and overpasses. This, however, comes into conflict with the “environmental” visions of middle-class citizens who desire to live in a world class city that is spectacular, hygienic, and centered around bourgeois aesthetics. As a result, street vendors are routinely targeted, dispossessed, and evicted. This is partly due to a vision of city planning and beautification, which considers entry points to urban informal economies as illegitimate and problematic. Moreover, the state perceives street vending spaces in the city as antithetical to the making of a world class city. In this paper, we examine the urban environment as a socio-political category where street-based livelihood activities, despite being popularly seen as a “city hazard” formatively proliferate through powerfully shaped strategies of politics and governmentality. This work conceptualizes public spaces as part of the urban environment. It proposes the idea of city streets as an “urban resource” which a multitude of actors struggle to control and access. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in Kolkata, we reveal how street vendors have been able to contest class animated visions of the city through innovative political strategies and effective mobilization, overcoming the common narrative of street vending as a marginalizing practice. The findings prompt us to ask how urban environmental movements and aligned spatial frictions forge important questions on informal organizations and the political unionization of labor in the city of Kolkata.
PubDate: 2023-07-04
DOI: 10.1007/s40609-023-00297-4
- Context of Trust in Physicians in Singapore: The Roles of Professional
Intimacy, Physician Sexual Orientation, and Patient Sex-
Free pre-print version: Loading...
Rate this result:
What is this?
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating.
A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: While the general public tends to place trust in medical professionals, little is known about their perceptions of homosexual physicians. Homosexual physicians are often unfairly viewed as less competent, moral, and professional compared to their heterosexual counterparts. The aim of this study was to explore the main and interaction effects of professional intimacy, physician sexual orientation, and patient sex on their ratings of physicians’ trustworthiness. To accomplish this, a web-based survey was conducted using a cross-sectional design. The participants, who also acted as patients in the study, were presented with a series of vignettes depicting three different scenarios involving varying levels of intimacy with either a homosexual or heterosexual physician. The Trust in Physician Scale was employed to assess the degree of trust in physicians. The study included 180 participants from Singapore, with a majority (55.22%) being male and an average age of 34.8 years. The collected data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA to test the proposed hypotheses. The results indicated that professional intimacy had a significant main effect, while physician sexual orientation did not. Participants appeared to trust physicians the most in situations involving low intimacy, followed by medium and high intimacy scenarios. When focusing specifically on the homosexual physician condition, there was a noteworthy interaction between professional intimacy and the sex of the patient in relation to the variability of trust. Male participants, compared to female participants, tended to trust physicians more in scenarios with medium intimacy rather than high intimacy, while the reverse was true for females. These findings shed light on the contemporary and understudied topic of attitudes toward homosexual physicians in Singapore’s healthcare system.
PubDate: 2023-07-01
DOI: 10.1007/s40609-023-00300-y
|
Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
