Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles) ISSN (Print) 0302-3427 - ISSN (Online) 1471-5430 Published by Oxford University Press[425 journals]
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Pages: 563 - 579 Abstract: AbstractAlthough the research funding policy has promoted the output and effect of research, whether it can identify innovative research topics and promote discipline development is worth investigating in depth. Taking Chinese humanities and social sciences (HSS) as an example, this study uses the latent Dirichlet allocation topic model to identify the topics of the HSS projects and papers funded by China’s national research funds. The analysis reveals the effect of research funding policy on research topics in both topic selection and funding intensity: (1) the types of projects with strict restrictions on topics significantly guide the direction of research topics; (2) projects with less funding are more likely to result in emerging topic research; and (3) compared with social sciences and key universities, the funded projects of humanities and other institutions are more likely to focus on emerging topics. PubDate: Wed, 21 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae001 Issue No:Vol. 51, No. 4 (2024)
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Pages: 580 - 592 Abstract: AbstractOur understanding of innovation policies has been enhanced. However, there is still a gap in conceptualizing the effectiveness of one of innovation policy’s most important tools: financial incentives (FIs). Scholars developed an understanding of the effectiveness of direct versus indirect FIs, but there is no clear theoretical framework that delineates what kind of financial instruments impact what kind of innovation under what conditions. This paper analyzes the different working and operational logic of the wide array of employed FI worldwide to develop what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first conceptual framework discerning what financial tools fit what aims and contexts. This framework allows the development of testable hypotheses as well as the development of incentives tailored differently for different national innovation missions and market structures, suggesting that the growing reliance among OECD countries on indirect FIs in the form of tax incentives is less then optimal. PubDate: Thu, 22 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae002 Issue No:Vol. 51, No. 4 (2024)
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Pages: 593 - 608 Abstract: AbstractBuilding technological capabilities is influenced by different factors, notably policies. This paper explains the co-evolution of policies, i.e. policy tools, on the technological capabilities in Iran’s biopharmaceutical sector from 1995 to 2022. By adopting a qualitative research method, we gathered primary data through thirty-nine semi-structured as well as secondary data from reports and statistics. This paper explains technological capabilities enhancement from operational capabilities to innovative capabilities based on our proposed framework, which includes six levels. While the lack of an efficient policy tools, until the mid-2000s, was decisive in the inertia of biopharmaceutical sector capabilities, a proactive policy tools in recent years led to considerable promising results in terms of manufacturing and exporting advanced biosimilar products. Our findings shed light on the role of government support in the acceleration and directionality of technological capabilities building. Achieving advanced levels of technological capabilities requires learning, international collaboration, and export-oriented policies. PubDate: Wed, 28 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae003 Issue No:Vol. 51, No. 4 (2024)
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Pages: 609 - 617 Abstract: AbstractStarting from the tension between scientific autonomy and state governing in research policy, the aim of this article is to examine how researchers who apply for funding in Sweden perceive the legitimate grounds for a new research policy in which sex and gender perspectives are integrated as criteria in assessing scientific quality. Our results show that researcher’s perception of themselves, and of the purpose of research, is compatible with dominant ideals in contemporary academic landscape, where knowledge is treated as a deliverable to external stakeholders or to meet politically formulated goals. However, according to researchers, the legitimate sources of policy influence originate from their own profession or the common interest of the people, explicitly expressed by citizens. Researchers are questioning, and find strategies to avoid, top-down state governing. PubDate: Wed, 28 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae004 Issue No:Vol. 51, No. 4 (2024)
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Pages: 618 - 642 Abstract: AbstractDistinguishing between research collaboration, consultancy, dissemination, and commercialization of research results, this paper analyses the determinants of researchers’ societal engagement. The analytical framework integrates societal engagement as part of the credibility cycle. Several variables extend previous findings on determinants and mechanisms—herein scientific recognition and funding sources. A novel method to investigate the relationship between scientific recognition and societal engagement is explored. Drawing on a large-scale survey of European-based researchers in physics, cardiology, and economics, we find that several factors are associated with different modes of societal engagement in complex and intersecting ways. Scientific recognition is positively associated with research collaboration and dissemination, while organizational seniority is associated with all modes except for research collaboration with non-scientific actors. Female gender is positively associated with dissemination and external funding sources are positively associated will all. The findings intersect with differences in the three research fields. PubDate: Wed, 06 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae006 Issue No:Vol. 51, No. 4 (2024)
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Pages: 643 - 653 Abstract: AbstractIn addition to promoting reforms, governments foster change in university systems through funding, competition, and new policy instruments. Little research has been conducted on how research centre funding schemes support organizational changes in universities and on their institutional and policy barriers. This article addresses the research centre funding schemes implemented by the regional government of Galicia (Spain) in 2016. The approach is observational and based on documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews with key actors. The regional government sought to encourage organizational differentiation by increasing the autonomy of centres inside the universities and to enhance strategic research agendas, reinforcing the scientific authority of the centres’ directors. We found that the design and operation of the instrument in the context of the existing university governance system, and the interaction with other funding instruments within the policy mix, may create barriers that hinder the effectiveness of the funding scheme. PubDate: Mon, 11 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae005 Issue No:Vol. 51, No. 4 (2024)
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Pages: 654 - 668 Abstract: AbstractGovernments worldwide invest in developing and diffusing innovations to deal with wicked problems. While experiments and pilots flourish, governments struggle to successfully scale innovations. Public sector scaling remains understudied, and scholarly suggestions for scaling trajectories are lacking. Following a design approach, this research develops an academically grounded, practice-oriented scaling instrument for planning and reflecting on the scaling of public sector innovations. We design this instrument based on the academic literature, an empirical analysis of three scaling projects at the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, and six focus groups with practitioners. This research proposes a context-specific and iterative understanding of scaling processes and contributes a typology of scaling barriers and an additional scaling strategy to the literature. The presented instrument increases our academic understanding of scaling and enables teams of policymakers, in cooperation with stakeholders, to plan and reflect on a context-specific scaling pathway for public sector innovations. PubDate: Wed, 20 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae007 Issue No:Vol. 51, No. 4 (2024)
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Pages: 669 - 679 Abstract: AbstractScience–policy interaction is frequently organized through projects, lauded as flexible and focused administrative solutions for policy learning. However, there is a risk of stifling projects with overly rigid interfaces or, controversially, losing project results amidst the cracks of inter- and intra-organizational cleavages when interfaces are excessively flexible. This article examines how science advisors in Estonian ministries contributed to resolving this controversy through an in-depth case study of an agenda-setting bioeconomy project. The results suggest that the potential of science advisors to provide necessary flexibility is contingent on their position relative to bureaucratic hierarchies and boundary objects. PubDate: Wed, 20 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae009 Issue No:Vol. 51, No. 4 (2024)
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Pages: 680 - 691 Abstract: AbstractIn response to calls for public engagement on human genome editing (HGE), which intensified after the 2018 He Jiankui scandal that resulted in the implantation of genetically modified embryos, we detail an anticipatory approach to the governance of HGE. By soliciting multidisciplinary experts’ input on the drivers and uncertainties of HGE development, we developed a set of plausible future scenarios to ascertain publics values—specifically, their hopes and concerns regarding the novel technology and its applications. In turn, we gathered a subset of multidisciplinary experts to propose governance recommendations for HGE that incorporate identified publics’ values. These recommendations include: (1) continued participatory public engagement; (2) international harmonization and transparency of multiple governance levers such as professional and scientific societies, funders, and regulators; and (3) development of a formal whistleblower framework. PubDate: Mon, 25 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae010 Issue No:Vol. 51, No. 4 (2024)
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Pages: 692 - 706 Abstract: AbstractThis study explores the role of network administrative organizations (NAOs) in science diplomacy (SD) by means of a qualitative case study approach. The case in point is a Swedish government initiative to coordinate the internationalization efforts of domestic funding agencies. We examine how the NAO IntSam balances between governmental directives and agency autonomy. Utilizing primary data from semi-structured interviews supplemented by internal documents and policy reports, the analysis delves into the challenges and potential of NAOs in harmonizing top-down directives with agency autonomy. The findings highlight IntSam’s role in facilitating collaboration and aligning domestic and international policy landscapes, while also revealing inherent tensions due to divergent governmental and agency priorities. This study contributes to understanding the complexities of coordinating cross-border Science, Technology, and Innovation efforts, offering insights into the nuances, potentials, and limitations of NAOs in the realm of SD. PubDate: Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae011 Issue No:Vol. 51, No. 4 (2024)
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Pages: 707 - 720 Abstract: AbstractThis paper provides insight into how the conceptualization of urban knowledge sharing has developed. Based on a structured review and categorization of the literature, we identify three forms of knowledge sharing in and between cities that are distinctly different: knowledge transfer, knowledge exchange, and knowledge co-creation. We find that the three forms have different boosts and barriers, whereby the complexities of knowledge sharing and hence the capacities required of the actors are lowest for knowledge transfer and highest for knowledge co-creation. We would therefore like to qualify the recent emphasis given in literature to co-creation; with its complexities and required capacities, it is not to be considered a panacea for solving all urban problems. We propose a model within which knowledge transfer and exchange are more suitable for less wicked problems and may sometimes fruitfully reduce complexities. PubDate: Thu, 11 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae008 Issue No:Vol. 51, No. 4 (2024)
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Pages: 721 - 733 Abstract: AbstractThis article builds on the evolving relationship between science and society, focusing on the increasing emphasis on public participation in science decision-making processes. Public participation in science is often regarded as an embodiment of democratic principles that grant citizens the opportunity to engage with and influence scientific and technological developments. However, deficit models of science communication in participatory governance may be turning into democratic deficits. This article critically examines the deficit model of science communication, highlighting its potential democratic deficit. Drawing on empirical evidence from two case studies in a rural, socio-economically underdeveloped region in Portugal, the authors analyse the dynamics between agency and structure in hierarchical decision-making structures and power relations. We recommend policy implications to enhance the democratic quality of participatory science governance processes, based on convergence of initiatives, transparency, and new prospects for science communication. PubDate: Thu, 11 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae014 Issue No:Vol. 51, No. 4 (2024)
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Pages: 734 - 747 Abstract: AbstractIt is not uncommon to encounter overoptimistic views among policy-makers concerning the extent to which the research outcome of a university can have an impact on the innovation and economic performance of a local economy. Policies and expectations are usually influenced by optimal cases of top-ranked universities in highly innovative geographies. However, most universities do not function in such contexts, but in regions of weak innovation and economic development, often characterized as less developed regions (LDRs). To enrich our understanding about universities within LDRs, this study attempts to provide insights into the local research impact of a young university located within an LDR by analyzing bibliometric data. Findings show that although the university’s research output grows, there is hardly any evidence of an impact on local organizations, suggesting that the expected universities’ roles and related innovation policies should always consider the characteristics of the place within which they function. PubDate: Thu, 18 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae016 Issue No:Vol. 51, No. 4 (2024)
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Pages: 748 - 759 Abstract: AbstractThis study discusses the technology development direction of industry–academia collaboration patents derived from government-subsidized programs and uses technology network analysis to pinpoint the key technologies developed in government-subsidized programs that align with market needs. The main technologies that play a key role in the government-subsidized industry–academia collaboration technology network for recent years are revealed to be measurement and chemistry technologies. The technologies that bridge the gap between multiple fields within the field of medicine are found to be diagnosis, surgery, and identification technologies; these technologies require further attention and resources from the government and academia. Additionally, semiconductor technology is revealed to play an increasingly crucial role in the government-subsidized industry–academia collaboration network. The findings can serve as a reference for the government to allocate research resources and for enterprises to promote emerging technologies. PubDate: Mon, 22 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae015 Issue No:Vol. 51, No. 4 (2024)
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Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
