Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles) ISSN (Print) 0302-3427 - ISSN (Online) 1471-5430 Published by Oxford University Press[425 journals]
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Pages: 165 - 180 Abstract: AbstractMany complex problems and emerging phenomena require joint research efforts across academic disciplines. Interdisciplinary research (IDR) is therefore widely considered a promising approach to knowledge production. At the same time, however, this form of research poses significant challenges for those involved. In this paper, we review the literature on IDR from the perspective of individual researchers engaging in or considering this type of research. We conducted a broad literature review covering the past 35 years of research on IDR. The review is structured along four typical questions that researchers have regarding IDR: “Why bother'” (Reasons for considering IDR); “Is it for me'” (The profile of IDR researchers); “How do I work with ‘them’'” (Obstacles of interdisciplinary collaboration); “What am I getting myself into'” (Challenges for IDR researchers). We analyzed the literature so that we could distill answers to those questions. We conclude our paper by emphasizing the inherent ambiguities of interdisciplinary research and proposing a set of self-reflective questions to help navigate the complexities of this research approach. PubDate: Sat, 23 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae070 Issue No:Vol. 52, No. 2 (2024)
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Pages: 181 - 192 Abstract: AbstractThe public procurement of innovations is a demand-side policy instrument that harnesses supplier innovations to improve products and services delivered to the customers. This study analyses a nation-wide survey of Finnish public sector contracting authorities. A sequential mediation model suggests that the public sector buyer’s market-oriented culture is positively associated with the procurer’s strategic procurement capability, which in turn predicts the use of public procurement of innovations to create customer value for customers. These results are robust to a potentially biased perception of customer performance. PubDate: Mon, 25 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae072 Issue No:Vol. 52, No. 2 (2024)
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Pages: 193 - 206 Abstract: AbstractLatin America improved poverty and inequity conditions in the past decades. Despite such progress and the adoption of new policies, inclusive development remains a major challenge. To attain inclusive development, it is crucial to advance toward renewed policies that explicitly include transformative innovation and close existing gaps in the innovation–inclusion nexus. Foresight promises to help bridge such gaps, but the practice of literature on addressing this role is scarce. For our analysis, we adopt a three-level conceptual and analytical framework, focusing on (1) the evolution of policies for inclusive development; (2) the evolution of research and innovation policy approaches to inclusive development; and (3) the extent to which foresight has been used in underpinning a more systemic policy approach. Using this framework, we examine the situation of four Latin American countries that adopted different approaches to innovation and inclusive development and discuss the potential of foresight to contribute to policies that effectively address the innovation–inclusion nexus. PubDate: Thu, 28 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae075 Issue No:Vol. 52, No. 2 (2024)
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Pages: 207 - 221 Abstract: AbstractPublic research institutes (PRIs) are pivotal in national and sectoral innovation systems and the transition to a knowledge-based economy. So, the current study has reassessed these institutes’ functions and suggested policy recommendations to augment their influence in moving toward a knowledge-based economy. The findings of this research reveal that functions such as innovation hub and specialized accelerator; strategic and problem-oriented research management platform; standard and regulatory reference; specialized technical service center; center for cooperation, transfer, and dissemination of technology; and the hub of technology and policy intelligence in a specific industrial sector are crucial functions of PRIs in transitioning to a knowledge-based economy. Additionally, to foster a conducive environment for the influence of PRIs in actualizing a knowledge-based economy, policies related to governance and division of responsibilities, stimulation of both supply and demand sides, strengthening the linkage between the supply and demand sides, and provisioning supportive environment and infrastructure are recommended. PubDate: Thu, 28 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae076 Issue No:Vol. 52, No. 2 (2024)
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Pages: 222 - 235 Abstract: AbstractPublic policy scholars have long agreed that the coordination of policies involving different authorities and policy frameworks is challenging. This paper responds to recent calls to explore new empirical methods for studying policy coordination by integrating automated text analysis into the workflow of human experts. A key contribution of our approach is a quantitative indicator of the semantic alignment between different policy objectives. We critically review the performance of the indicator in terms of its ability to assess both horizontal and vertical policy coordination by analysing the Recovery and Resilience Plan (2021–26) and the national and regional Smart Specialization Strategies (2021–27) in Portugal. Based on this exercise, we reflect on the necessary conditions for the successful implementation of automated text analysis of policy documents as well as its potential in other empirical settings. PubDate: Fri, 29 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae074 Issue No:Vol. 52, No. 2 (2024)
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Pages: 236 - 253 Abstract: AbstractThis paper aims to evaluate the effect of institutional autonomy on higher education institutions (HEIs). The research question is whether increasing institutional autonomy leads to HEIs fulfilling three major missions with greater success. This study utilizes multiple sets of regression models, including multilevel hierarchical models, combining data from four sources for European HEIs, which includes variables on a state and institutional level. The three sets of regression models each estimate the effect of HEIs’ autonomy on their success in one of their missions. Although results indicate a good model fit, the effects of increasing HEI autonomy on the mission objectives appear mostly minor and even, in some cases, negative and therefore contradictory to the autonomy literature. A possible theoretical explanation question whether recent developments actually create additional autonomy or only shift autonomy among HEI actors without quantitative impact. A methodological explanation aims to stimulate further improvements and standardization of measurements. PubDate: Thu, 05 Dec 2024 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae069 Issue No:Vol. 52, No. 2 (2024)
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Pages: 254 - 268 Abstract: AbstractBuilding on extensive observations of grant review panels and interviews with panellists in five funding organizations, we explore how such panels assess societal impact. We find that impact assessments are accorded little weight and are prone to substantial reviewer variability unless competitions feature dedicated societal impact criteria with clearly assigned weight, which are scored collectively based on highly structured discussions. These findings cast new light on the general phenomenon of variability in grant assessments. While earlier literature has tended to see inter-rater variability as a flaw in the review process that should be rectified, an unavoidable part of the process, or a desirable feature, we advocate a more nuanced understanding. Introducing the concepts of productive and unproductive variability, we show the dual nature of variability and provide concrete policy recommendations for how unproductive variability, caused by differing interpretations or gaming of the organizational framework, can be reduced. PubDate: Fri, 13 Dec 2024 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae081 Issue No:Vol. 52, No. 2 (2024)
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Pages: 269 - 283 Abstract: AbstractEuropean policy supports cutting-edge research on Industry 4.0, aiming to promote excellence and ensure a balanced distribution of regional Industry 4.0 capacities. We analyse Industry 4.0 research projects financed by the European Union’s framework programmes over a 14-year period, investigating whether less developed regions benefit from interaction with more advanced regions that have a stronger capacity to diversify their Industry 4.0 technologies. We find a strong path-dependency in technological diversification between programming periods. Moreover, while national Industry 4.0 programmes negatively affect the capacity of regions to diversify technologies, possibly generating a substitution effect, we find that regional networking does not support less diversified regions in mastering multiple technologies. PubDate: Sat, 14 Dec 2024 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae077 Issue No:Vol. 52, No. 2 (2024)
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Pages: 284 - 297 Abstract: AbstractScience and innovation policy in the USA often frame publics as the beneficiaries of new technologies, but little research has yet engaged publics on their views of the innovation system (IS)—the combined efforts of government, industry, and universities to produce and promote new technologies. Based on a national public survey (n = 3,010), we identify three dimensions of public judgments about the IS with public policy implications: (1) US publics hold moderate confidence in the IS to produce benefits for them and to respond to public input; (2) they are slightly more critical of innovation-related environmental harm and the accrual of benefits to large corporations; and (3) they strongly support reforms to ensure safe, responsible, and affordable technological innovation. Multivariate regressions indicate variance of judgments by social location and worldviews, finding equity and justice aspects particularly salient in views on the IS. We discuss implications for innovation policy. PubDate: Thu, 19 Dec 2024 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae082 Issue No:Vol. 52, No. 2 (2024)
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Pages: 298 - 316 Abstract: AbstractContemporary science diplomacy holds promise not only to strengthen diplomatic and science realms but also to advance sustainable development transformations. In Switzerland, formal adoption of the concept around 2019 led to the support of several science diplomacy instruments. This article systematically assesses the Swiss science diplomacy ecosystem, examines its components and alignment with common frameworks, and determines the potential impact of the current polycrisis. Additionally, the article explores the overlaps with international development cooperation. This first systematic portrayal of national-level science diplomacy reveals a multifaceted ecosystem, recognized as increasingly relevant by its principal actors and the government. Activities pivot towards engagement with global research and innovation leaders who can drive and deploy leading technologies to define global policy and address societal challenges. In tandem, Swiss development cooperation endeavours promote sustainable development globally and bridge technology and knowledge gaps with low-income nations. Important gaps remain at the levels of communication and coordination internally and externally that should be addressed without delay. PubDate: Wed, 25 Dec 2024 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae091 Issue No:Vol. 52, No. 2 (2024)
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Pages: 317 - 320 Abstract: AbstractOpen Access (OA) model in scientific journals has brought about a range of benefits in terms of information accessibility. However, the high costs associated with Article Processing Charges (APCs) have posed a significant challenge for many scientists, leaving them in a ‘limbo’, where their ability to publish in reputable journals is contingent upon their financial capacity. Here, we intend to highlight the challenges faced by Latin American scientists that have arisen as a direct consequence of the implementation of the OA, specifically: (i) difficulties in disseminating our scientific work due to the impossibility of covering the high APCs imposed by journals, and (ii) the strong emergence and consolidation in our region of publishers with predatory practices. We urge the scientific community to establish policies that contribute to equity in OA models and to defend the right of Latin American scientists not only to read science freely but also to be read. PubDate: Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae073 Issue No:Vol. 52, No. 2 (2024)
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Pages: 321 - 325 Abstract: AbstractThe use of ChatGPT, an artifcial intelligence-based language model, in article writing has raised ethical issues such as authorship, plagiarism, and errors in references. In this research, we aimed to examine the use of ChatGPT in academic publications from an ethical perspective. In the procedures published by many publishers, it is stated that ChatGPT cannot be accepted as an author, but support can be received from them in cases such as translation, and this support should be clearly stated in the acknowledgment section of the article. However, there is a need for programs that can objectively evaluate the sections where ChatGPT is used, rather than relying on the subjective statements of the authors regarding for which parts of the article they have received support from ChatGPT. With the correct use of this technology, it is thought that concerns in the field of academia can be eliminated in the near future. PubDate: Fri, 29 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae079 Issue No:Vol. 52, No. 2 (2024)
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Pages: 326 - 328 Abstract: AbstractThe recent listing of Springer-Nature on the Frankfurt stock exchange triggers the debate for more fairness and equity in the academic publishing business model. PubDate: Fri, 13 Dec 2024 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae080 Issue No:Vol. 52, No. 2 (2024)
Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
