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Authors:Shahnaaz Suffla; Mohamed Seedat Abstract: The literature on the predictors of disaggregated homicide rates exposes a distinct void with respect to strangulation fatality. The current study examines the effects of socio-demographic and spatio-temporal variables on the risk for homicidal strangulation relative to the other leading causes of homicide in the City of Johannesburg for the period 2001-2010. The data were derived from the National Injury Mortality Surveillance System. A series of logistic regressions were performed to assess the independent associations between each of the predictor variables and fatal strangulation relative to the other leading causes of homicide. The analysis revealed that there are several unique socio-demographic and spatio-temporal factors that differentiate homicidal strangulation risk from the risk for other causes of homicide. Sex was found to be the strongest predictor of homicidal strangulation, with the risk significantly higher for females. The elderly (60+ years), were found to be at marked risk of fatal strangulation, as were children between the ages of 0-14 years. The most noteworthy predictive effects for temporality were observed for time of day and day of the week, with daytime and weekdays representing the periods of higher risk. In the current analyses, scene of death did not emerge as a significant predictor of strangulation homicide. The study supports the contention that differentiated risk profiles for the different causes of homicide are important to recognise and delineate for the purposes of strangulation homicide prevention. PubDate: 2019-12-01T00:00:00Z
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Authors:Floretta A. Boonzaier; Kajal Carr Haile Matutu Abstract: South African universities are in the midst of highly visible struggles around decolonisation. Over the past two years, these struggles have foregrounded racialised, classed, gendered and other forms of exclusion. These are being challenged both by black academic staff as well as by black students. Most visibly and deeply connected, have been the challenges to the ways in which universities, as particular types of institutions, have dealt with sexual violence and harassment of its womxn1 students. In this context we ask how the University of Cape Town, as one particular case study formally communicates about sexual violence on its campus. In an archival analysis of the university’s public communications on sexual violence during 2015 and 2016, we ask what kinds of messages it conveys about violence, victims and perpetrators. We are interested in the ways in which the university positions itself in relation to the issue of sexual violence. The paper finds that the university’s institutional discourse on sexual violence produces and reproduces some of the same discourses on sexual violence in both the public and media more broadly. PubDate: 2019-12-01T00:00:00Z
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Authors:Jill Ryan; Nicolette V. Roman Abstract: The effect of intimate partner violence (IPV) has a spill-over effect on all family members, and as such, any intervention directed at IPV should include all family members directly affected. The spill-over effect indicates that if one part of the family system (e.g. parents) experiences discord or conflict, it may affect the other parts of the family system (through e.g. the parent-child relationship). The aim of this paper was to systematically review family-centered interventions aimed at addressing IPV. Intervention studies were systematically collected from data bases such as PubMed, BioMed Central, SABINET, SocIndex, PsycArticles, and Academic Search Complete for the time period 2005-2015. These studies were methodologically appraised, and results presented according to the RE-AIM framework. Familycentered interventions focused on IPV yielded long-term positive results in improving parent-child interaction, including reductions in IPV, trauma symptoms of mothers, and problematic child behaviours. PubDate: 2019-12-01T00:00:00Z
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Authors:Dube Bekithemba Abstract: This perspective problematises violence and so-called mafiarisation, which is fast becoming a characteristic of many South African schools. Mafiarisation interrupts sustainable learning environments, as schools become unsafe sites for teaching and learning. While there is appreciation for various efforts that address school violence, it is essential to address this problem from all possible angles. This paper proposes that the problem can be addressed more effectively at a pedagogical level as a counter-hegemonic strategy to combat school violence, through an infusion of pedagogy of disarmament in the school curriculum. Pedagogy of disarmament comprises four elements that can be infused into the curriculum, which are a moral imperative, peace-building, knowledge of the law and individualised counselling services. I earth arguments in decoloniality theory, which is a theory that unmasks and challenges various oppressive elements that can impel school violence. This paper concludes by arguing that South African schools require pedagogy such as disarmament to address school indiscipline and violence to create an environment conducive to teaching and learning, and that is devoid of fear and mafiarisation. PubDate: 2019-12-01T00:00:00Z
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Authors:Naiema Taliep; Hazel Swanepoel Abstract: Prominent academic scientists, community activist researchers and scholars from across the globe gathered in Santiago Chile for the 7th International Conference on Community Psychology, entitled “The Community on the Move: Building Spaces of Diversity, Coexistence, and Change”. The focus of the conference, held from October 4 – 7, 2018 at the University of Chile at the Juan Gómez Millas campus spotlighted the work of community-based researchers and other social actors on community participation and mobilisation in the quest for transformation and social justice within multiple diverse and shifting spaces across the globe. The conference’s keynote address by Brinton Lykes, Contesting the Global North Priorities: Transforming Psychosocial Well-Being through Critical Community Psychology, Feminist Anti-Racist Participatory Action Research, And Grassroots and Grasstops Activism, drew attention to the necessity for well-being to be considered within the frame of everyday politics and activism. PubDate: 2019-12-01T00:00:00Z
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Authors:Sipho Dlamini; Rebecca Helman Nick Malherbe Abstract: In his pioneering work on the subject, French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu (2001, p.1-2) defines symbolic violence as “a type of submission… a gentle violence, imperceptible and invisible even to its victims, exerted for the most part through purely symbolic channels of communication and cognition, recognition or even feeling....”. This Special Issue of African Safety Promotion: A Journal of Injury and Violence Prevention seeks to reflect on the multiple ways that symbolic violence is implicated in research; how research reproduces symbolic violence; and how hierarchies within research institutions determine the ‘legitimacy’ of specific knowledges and knowledge producers. We believe that a focus on symbolic violence is necessary to advance nuanced, complex and meaningful understandings of how different kinds of violence operate and are sustained in contemporary society. PubDate: 2018-11-01T00:00:00Z
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Authors:Anthony Brown Abstract: This article examines how symbolic homophobic violence is produced from hegemonic and heteronormative institutional geographies. This study forms part of a larger project with Life Orientation student-teachers that investigated the strengthening of HIV and AIDS integration in the curriculum. Five student teachers from the class cohort used photovoice to illustrate how students with same-sex sexual identities were subjected to othering, discrimination, bigotry and overt forms of violent aggression emanating from their non-conforming gender expressions. Through photovoice-narrative interviews, I found that their transgression in spatial heterosexual norms resulted in intimidation, vilification and, in extreme cases, overt forms of violence by peers. This article focused on two themes, namely the physical geographies of symbolic homophobic violence and punishment, and discipline of geographies of the non-normative gendered body. Although symbolically homophobic violence can be linked to individual resistance to same-sex sexuality, this article shows that symbolic violence is largely reproduced by the contours of heteronormativity maintained by institutional geographies. If universities are committed to inclusive and safe learning spaces for diverse identities then they will have to interrogate how hegemonic cultures mobilise discourses that enforce systemic oppression. PubDate: 2018-11-01T00:00:00Z
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Authors:Leslie Swartz; Xanthe Hunt, Brian Watermeyer, Mark Carew, Stine Hellum Braathen Poul Rohleder Abstract: Disability as a social justice issue is not part of mainstream talk. Approximately 15% of the world’s population has a disability, and yet persons with disabilities are systematically subjected to this sort of exclusion. If considered in terms of social power, then persons with disabilities are the largest single minority group. Amongst minorities, exclusion from the social and representational order is a forceful form of symbolic violence. Persons with disabilities are systematically subjected to this sort of exclusion. In the public domain, persons with disabilities are either not represented at all, or misrepresented. The misrepresentation of persons with disabilities takes a host of cultural forms. This paper explores a few examples of these forms, as they can be considered examples of symbolic violence. We explore how negative social value may be internalised, and how this constitutes a form of symbolic violence experienced by persons with disabilities. We argue that persons with disabilities must constantly act against subtle and blatant acts of symbolic violence – including exclusion – and that the necessity of constant resistance characterises the lives of disabled persons. We argue that it is necessary not only to recognise the detrimental effects of having to confront the symbolic violence of a society which is structured for the benefit of those with typical embodiment, but also to frame this social injustice as something which leads to very real and very dangerous exclusions. PubDate: 2018-11-01T00:00:00Z
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Authors:Tanya Pieterse; Vanessa Stratford Juan A. Nel Abstract: The study reported here explored the relationship between symbolic violence and overt violence through the descriptions of hate incidents experienced in South Africa. Data were collected during a five-year longitudinal study conducted under the auspices of the Hate Crimes Working Group, using its Hate and Bias Monitoring Form and an accompanying user guide. Thematic analysis was used to create categories, themes and interpretations of hate incidents. Six primary themes emerged: i) the victim is less than human or like an animal; ii) humiliation of the victim; iii) use of extreme overkill or destruction; iv) the victim is to blame; v) messages conveyed by hate incidents; and vi) intentional unfair discrimination. These themes are discussed in relation to the existing body of literature on symbolic violence. We argue that there is a mutually reinforcing relationship between symbolic violence and overt violence in hate victimisation. Symbolic violence creates a society in which hate victimisation of certain vulnerable groups becomes socially acceptable by constructing the circumstances in which overt violence could take place. Overt violence occurs when symbolic violence is no longer effective in controlling vulnerable groups, with offenders blatantly resorting to reinforce power differences between themselves and their victims. Overt violence reinforces symbolic violence by sending a message to victims directly, as well as to their larger communities, in terms of their undesirability, not belonging, and being third-class citizens. Effective violence prevention has to take this relationship into account, especially as South Africa grapples with related legislative and policy responses. PubDate: 2018-11-01T00:00:00Z
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Authors:Angelique Thomas Abstract: Selotape for bullet holes, a poem by Angelique Thomas.
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Authors:Refiloe Makama Abstract: In August 2018, I attended a conference on decolonisation and Africanisation. I was so excited about this conference, particularly because of the keynote speakers. The keynote addresses were not set to be delivered by the usual, traditional speakers who are invited to academic events. They were a combination of exciting, dynamic speakers whom I have enjoyed listening to on different platforms. PubDate: 2018-11-01T00:00:00Z
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Authors:Nkosiyomzi Haile Matutu Abstract: The theme of the 24th Psychological Society of South Africa Congress, “listen with humility… act with integrity” instilled much fear in me as I contemplated responding to an invitation to present at a symposium that would be part of the congress. My discomfort stemmed from the knowledge that it had been deemed necessary to centre the invocation: “listen with humility” and “act with integrity”. I wondered who it was that needed to be reminded to listen in such a manner. Were these not psychologists, is that not what they do in any case' From which worlds do these people come that such petitions needed to be made' Why was it necessary that the kind of listening we were being asked to practice be of the humble variety' If there was no humility in how people listened before, how did they listen before this moment' PubDate: 2018-11-01T00:00:00Z
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Abstract: We gratefully acknowledge the following people for reviewing articles in the African Safety Promotion: A Journal of Injury and Violence Prevention, Vol 16.1 & 16.2 PubDate: 2018-11-01T00:00:00Z
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Authors:Floretta A. Boonzaier; Taryn J. van Niekerk Abstract: The paper aims to explore the subjectivities men construct in their talk about their own violence toward women partners and the meaning these understandings of their violence have for the intervention programmes they attend. We take an intersectional reading of marginalised men’s narratives of their perpetration of violence against intimate women partners. Drawing on interviews with 26 participants who had been mandated into criminal justice intervention programmes in Cape Town, we attend to how their race, class, gender and location intersect to shape their understanding of their violence. We also analyse the implications that this wide-angle reading of men and their violence has for intervention programmes that mostly have been imported from Euro-American contexts. The paper offers a critique of current intervention practices with domestically violent men that focuses too heavily on gendered power alone. Furthermore, it suggests that an intersectional reading of the multiple realities of men’s lives is important for interventions that aim to end their violence against women, particularly for marginalised men who have little stake in the ‘patriarchal ’dividend’. PubDate: 2018-10-01T00:00:00Z
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Authors:Deborah Isobell; Naiema Taliep, Sandy Lazarus, Mohamed Seedat, Esmeralda Toerien Anna James Abstract: The goal of this study was to illustrate the development and utility of a community violence surveillance methodology, as a component of a larger participatory violence prevention project in a low-income South African community. Using focus group discussions, data were collected from 12 community and academic research partners. These discussions were audio recorded, transcribed and then thematically analysed. The findings revealed that the participatory orientation to the research enabled researchers to develop an instrument that was appropriate for the community, collaboratively. The collaborative creation of the violence surveillance questionnaire and the use of community members to implement the system after intensive capacity building instilled a sense of ownership and promoted sustainability in this project. In addition, data generated by the surveillance system provided baseline and prevalence data which could be used to advocate for violence prevention and develop relevant interventions. This process also resulted in the provision of victim support through debriefing and referrals. Future research could focus on developing and implementing similar surveillance systems in communities and monitoring the effects thereof over time. PubDate: 2018-10-01T00:00:00Z
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Authors:Tolulope F. Olufunlayo; Adekemi O. Sekoni, Lynne E. Bilston Olanrewaju Onigbogi Abstract: No fewer than 1.2 million deaths globally are attributed to road traffic crashes yearly, with low- and middle-income countries contributing disproportionately to these deaths. Children are a vulnerable road user group, and riding unrestrained is a significant risk factor for death and injury among child car passengers. This study aimed to determine child car safety knowledge and practices among parents of children attending a private school in an urban setting in Lagos, Nigeria. A descriptive study, using observations of child car safety practices, and a survey of parental knowledge and attitudes of child car safety, were conducted simultaneously amongst children 0-10 years riding in cars to school. Data was analysed using Epi Info Version 3.5.1. A total of 127 cars were observed as children were being dropped off at school. The proportion of child passengers aged 0 - 10 years restrained by any device was 6.3%, with only 2.4% of these children being appropriately restrained for age; 19.7% of observed child passengers rode in the front seat. Awareness of car safety seats among parents was high at 85%. However, less than 40% of respondents knew the correct age to commence use of child restraints, seat belts, or front seating. The reason most cited for non-use of child restraints was unavailability (24.1%). Despite the high level of awareness about car safety seats, parental knowledge of specific child passenger safety issues and practices were poor. Targeted interventions are needed to bridge the gap between awareness, knowledge and practice in this population. PubDate: 2018-10-01T00:00:00Z
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Authors:Aubrey Fransman; Barry Richter Schalk Raath Abstract: Road accidents significantly contribute to severe injury and death of young children. Knowledge of road safety signs and traffic rules are regarded as necessary basic knowledge to improve the safety of children in traffic situations. Resources available for the education and learning of road signs and road safety rules for learners are limited. This study assessed the effectiveness of an interactive computer program as a teaching tool to contribute to the improvement of the knowledge base of young children on road safety in South Africa. A quasi-experimental approach was employed to conduct this study. Primary school learners (n= 75) aged 11 - 12 years participated in the pilot study. Findings indicated that there was a meaningful change in the learner’s knowledge of road signs and road safety rules after participation in the program. PubDate: 2018-10-01T00:00:00Z
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Authors:Sarah Frances Gordon Abstract: South Africa experiences alarming levels of intimate partner violence and femicide, as well as increasing reports of homophobic violence against women. This article focuses on a qualitative study, which explored how women’s lives and identities are transformed by living in this culture of violence against women. Open-ended interviews were conducted with 27 undergraduate women students, who attended a South African University. The article draws on the interviews of one of these women, a Black African lesbian woman, Phelisa. Discourse analysis was used to analyse her interview texts. Phelisa’s story is presented as a single-case study example of homophobic violence and intimidation in a South African township. The case study highlights the various discourses associated with this violence, specifically the ‘homosexuality is un-African discourse’ and the ‘discourse of feminine transgression’. PubDate: 2018-10-01T00:00:00Z
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Authors:Samed Bulbulia; Kasia Venter Abstract: The promotion of road safety in Africa remains an imperative considering the disproportionately large public health and developmental burden from road traffic crashes across the continent. Extensive and well-intentioned collaborative traffic campaigns held predominantly over the holiday periods have reflected commendable success; however, injury statistics in South Africa and elsewhere have remained unacceptably high. It has been argued that both professionals and civil society become more aware of the importance and the basic principles of injury control and traffic safety. The Violence, Injury and Peace Research Unit (VIPRU, co-directed by the South African Medical Research Council and University of South Africa), Institute for Social and Health Sciences, University of South Africa, the International Council of Road Safety International (ICORSI), and the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IITDelhi) co-hosted a training course on injury control and traffic safety. The course was held from the 2-4 October 2017 in Johannesburg. PubDate: 2018-10-01T00:00:00Z
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Authors:Neziswa Titi; Kopano Ratele Abstract: The colloquium Centring Africa in Health and Social Sciences Research and Teaching was held on May 30, 2017 at the South African Medical Research Council. An original idea of Kopano Ratele and Neziswa Titi of the Transdisciplinary African Psychologies Programme (TAP), a programme that Ratele leads and where Titi’s doctoral research is located under the supervision of Ratele. The colloquium was co-hosted with the South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC)-UNISA’s Violence, Injury and Peace Research Unit (VIPRU). TAP is a programme within the Institute for Social and Health Sciences at the University of South Africa (UNISA). PubDate: 2018-10-01T00:00:00Z
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