Authors:Barbara Myrdzik Pages: 23 - 40 Abstract: The article deals with the issue of rebuilding community relations among young people weakened by the necessary isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the socio-cultural crisis. The importance of the notion of community was analyzed, and then the latest polls and studies on remote education were presented, which deepened the feeling of isolation of both pupils and students. Assuming that education after the pandemic should change, reference was made to Hans-Georg Gadamer’s concept of education. In connection with it, considerations are focused on such notions as hermeneutics, understanding, dialogue, horizon of understanding, hermeneutic circle, sensus communis. In Gadamer’s educational vision, it is essential to believe that meeting the other is the moment when the understanding process begins. The study emphasizes the importance of conversation, as a person is immersed in language, creates relationships with others, and gets to know the world through language. Possible answers to the question of to what extent the hermeneutic concept can create a bridge between youth and school upbringing and education were also considered. Moreover, the article describes the conditions that are necessary for school education to teach questions, not ready-made answers, so that the “virtues” of community can develop. PubDate: 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.17951/en.2022.7.23-40 Issue No:Vol. 7 (2022)
Authors:Keiji Sato Pages: 41 - 55 Abstract: The sphere of education often becomes an arena of political influence. Pridnestr (Transnistria) is an extreme case of over-intervention in the educational circle by a self-proclaimed government. The Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic is not recognized by the international community as an independent state, therefore the academic diplomas received by Transnistrian youth are not recognized internationally. The political conflict between Moldova and Transnistria creates serious inconveniences in the scientific career path of young people, but why is the self-proclaimed government unable to find a solution to this important problem' In order to understand this difficult-to-solve issue, it is necessary to analyze the issues of the post-Soviet self-proclaimed republics from a broader perspective. Unlike other self-proclaimed countries not recognized in the world, the self-proclaimed post-Soviet republics are characterized by strong, multi-dimensional Russian influence. The theory of hierarchy in the Russian world may be the key to understanding the political and educational incidents in the self-proclaimed Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic. Devoting much attention to Russian foreign policy concerning “near abroad” countries, this article analyzes the problem of dysfunctional relations between universities and the self-proclaimed government and considers alternative ways to provide a better educational environment for children and youth in Pridnestr. PubDate: 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.17951/en.2022.7.41-55 Issue No:Vol. 7 (2022)
Authors:Dorota Aydoğdu Pages: 57 - 75 Abstract: The population is facing a new situation without precedent. Contemporary scientific studies show that soon we will have many more people in old age than representatives of the young generation. More than ever, the world will be forced to deal with the consequences of an increase in the elderly population. This article describes various theories of aging based on medical, neurobiological, and demographic studies. An attempt was made to answer the questions that arise in connection with the increase in the life expectancy of society: Can the aging of society be accompanied by long-term good physical health, a satisfactory level of intellectual condition, and a lasting sense of well-being' Can we estimate how aging will affect the social quality of life, the country’s economic condition, and the level of healthcare' Does the present day have tools to increase the quality of aging and improve the well-being of an elderly person' The study shows that people can age more satisfactorily. Today we know that “choice” is possible. It is true that we cannot stop aging, but with some lifestyle modifications in the preventive dimension, the human population will be able to age more optimally and more consciously. The key to optimizing this process are three points: a healthy mind, a healthy body, and a healthy mind. PubDate: 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.17951/en.2022.7.57-75 Issue No:Vol. 7 (2022)
Authors:Małgorzata Gajak-Toczek Pages: 77 - 92 Abstract: In the article, I presented the life of a boy with a deformed face. I focused my attention on the relations with his parents and sister as well as with the peer group. I drew attention to the importance of family support in the process of adapting a disabled person to life. By introducing Auggie’s relations with peers, I emphasized the way of children from stereotypical thinking to an open attitude toward the needs of the Other thanks to the ideas of “homeopathic” pedagogy. In the end, I included recommendations for Polish language teachers about the potential of Chbosky’s film in shaping attitudes of tolerance and empathy towards others. PubDate: 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.17951/en.2022.7.77-92 Issue No:Vol. 7 (2022)
Authors:Vadym Kobylchenko, Iryna Omelchenko Pages: 93 - 109 Abstract: The article emphasizes that the formation of social perception is an important task of special education since it is in the preschool period that the foundations of social competence are laid – an important component of life competences as an integral characteristic of the psyche and personality. It has been substantiated that the dispositional component of social perception is decisive because internal (figurative) and external (motor) acts of social and perceptual activity are carried out on the basis of an attitude, are derived from it and mediated by it. The article also summarizes the results of the study of the dispositional component of social perception, reveals the specifics of the interaction of a child with infantile cerebral palsy with other family members. In the research, the authors used theoretical and empirical methods, as well as methods of mathematical statistics. The results of the study indicate, in general, a low level of formation of the dispositional component of social perception in children with cerebral palsy. The obtained data allow to conclude that for preschoolers with cerebral palsy, the family is the reference group that significantly influences the formation of attitudes and types of attitudes towards other people. PubDate: 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.17951/en.2022.7.93-109 Issue No:Vol. 7 (2022)
Authors:Iryna Durkalevych Pages: 111 - 127 Abstract: The article attempts to analyze the experiences of female pedagogy students during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The topic is extremely important and currently gaining attention. The main objective of the study was to analyze narrative texts and to select risk factors as well as protective factors of female students’ mental health during the pandemic. The study included two groups of full-time (10 persons) and part-time (10 persons) female students of pedagogy at Carpathian State University in Krosno. The analysis of the subjects’ narrative texts revealed that enforced social isolation leads to a disruption of relational needs and negative emotional states (including anxiety, fear of illness, and anger) characteristic of the group of female students in early and middle adulthood. The article is addressed to those who are interested in and analyze the impact on an individual of life experiences resulting from social changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. PubDate: 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.17951/en.2022.7.111-127 Issue No:Vol. 7 (2022)
Authors:Ewa Głażewska Pages: 129 - 138 Abstract: The concept of “social distancing” gained particular currency during the COVID-19 pandemic, becoming one of the keys and also widely used terms. The article focuses on the category of social distancing as a new determinant of spatial relations and explains its origins and roots in proxemics studies. Attention was also focused on contemporary visual representations of this concept, including those with humorous messages. The analysis of graphic materials referring to social distancing indicates that their aim is to encourage the recipients to maintain a safe distance, but at the same time to “warm up” the meaning of the term, which after all evokes negative associations of separation. About 200 covid masks referring to the category of social distancing and its other visual representations drawn from the Internet were analyzed. PubDate: 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.17951/en.2022.7.129-138 Issue No:Vol. 7 (2022)
Authors:Ivana Pondelíková, Tatiana Tökölyová Pages: 139 - 158 Abstract: The year 2020 was challenging in terms of improving or developing a digital identity. Flexibility and adaptability have become crucial skills in all sectors. The success of any information technology or its application depends on its usage. Regarding education system, there is a need to adapt to Generation Z, making the students the centre of their training, leaving the teacher as a tutor or coach of their learning. This is possible to achieve via x-learning, which is based on learning by experience. However, the whole university education has moved to the online world and we have experienced so-called emergency remote teaching (ERT). During the course of time, we have moved from ERT to an effective online teaching-learning process. Well-planned online teaching-learning process is meaningfully different from courses offered online in response to an emergency situation. Differences between these two systems together with applied innovative teaching methods are provided in the text. We would like to share the best practices in online teaching as well as hybrid or online form of internship that have shaped the digital identity. Innovative methods together with modern technologies offer a wide range of the current teaching-learning process. PubDate: 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.17951/en.2022.7.139-158 Issue No:Vol. 7 (2022)
Authors:Amri Kais Pages: 159 - 175 Abstract: Molière’s comedies are fundamentally based on a conflict concretized discursively through aggressive language used on both sides for different purposes. They usually revolve around a dispute between two individuals or two rival clans who dispute controversial interests. The question of power and its distribution within discursive contributions is at the heart of this genre of comedy. It is always a question of a third party (authoritarian father, romantic rival, or jealous husband) with legitimate power who threatens the love project of two young individuals. Discursive strategies denouncing aggression are generally mobilized to circumvent a social norm that is too strong to be disrespected. The fundamental objective remains, in our opinion, to serve a cathartic comedy which, while erecting models not to be followed, does not forget to make them the laughingstock of the public. The comedy that arises from such conflicting situations is fundamentally cathartic as it helps weak characters vent their grudges against more powerful characters. It also serves to question the balance of power and to partially submit to revision the relationships established between characters motivated by opposing aspirations. PubDate: 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.17951/en.2022.7.159-175 Issue No:Vol. 7 (2022)
Authors:Beata Strzępek-Leśniak Pages: 177 - 193 Abstract: The article concerns interpersonal relations in the 18th century. Selected comedies of the Enlightenment, in which images of fashionable ladies can be seen, have been characterized. Among them are Umizgi dla przysługi by Jan Drozdowski and Powrót posła by Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz. These comedies show women who have given in to a bitter and materialistic world. The pursuit of money, they have led to a shuffling of life’s overarching values. The marriage is presented as an economic transaction. In the life of a partially emancipated woman, love recedes into the background. The model for the above-mentioned works is a satire by Ignacy Krasicki titled Żona modna, which shows that during the Enlightenment the reason for getting married was mainly financial or social status. PubDate: 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.17951/en.2022.7.177-193 Issue No:Vol. 7 (2022)
Authors:Danuta Krzyżyk Pages: 195 - 209 Abstract: The article discusses the results of the author’s empirical research on linguistic aggression and excluding communication at school. The aggressive linguistic behavior of teachers, which was revealed in conversations with students both during lessons and during conversations during breaks, was presented. Observations about linguistic aggression in didactic communication were discussed against the background of changes taking place in the language. PubDate: 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.17951/en.2022.7.195-209 Issue No:Vol. 7 (2022)
Authors:Pierre Suzanne Eyenga Onana Pages: 211 - 225 Abstract: Some West African novels describe the woman as a victim of the prenatal alliance, while others, like the text of Kama Kamanda, make her a rebel. Is this thematic split not due to the desire to create a new type of interpersonal relationship based on an alternative way of living together' The sociocriticism of Edmond Cros, through its operational declensions of phenotext and the genotext, gives direction to this reflection. Women’s infidelity was analyzed in order to make an apperception of the marital bonds. PubDate: 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.17951/en.2022.7.211-225 Issue No:Vol. 7 (2022)
Authors:Nicolò Calpestrati Pages: 229 - 245 Abstract: Colour naming depend, i.a., on physiological, physical, or cultural factors that influence people’s ability to perceive and to name them. On this basis, it is interesting to examine the morpho-syntactic strategies used to build the German colour lexicon of basic colour terms and their nuances. Four basic colour terms (yellow, red, green, and grey) and their nuances have been selected from the Munsell colour system and investigated through an online questionnaire. One hundred and one German participants took part in the survey. For the designation of basic colour words, the informants prefer simple adjectives (rot ‘red’) or compositional strategies (mausgrau ‘mouse grey’). Derivational strategies (grünlich ‘greenish’), noun phrases (zartes Helltürkis ‘delicate light turquoise’), and adjective phrases (dunkles rotbraun ‘dark reddish brown’), on the other hand, are rarely used. Instead of affixes (-lich), structures expressing a specific property of the colour (dunkelgrün ‘dark green’) or a comparison (sonnengelb ‘sunny yellow’) are preferred to denote colour shades. Qualitatively, the spectrum of German morpho-syntactic structures to name colours seems to be quite broad, but quantitatively, only a few of them are actually selected and used. PubDate: 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.17951/en.2022.7.229-245 Issue No:Vol. 7 (2022)
Authors:Patrizio Malloggi Pages: 247 - 264 Abstract: The purpose of this study is the classification of German prepositions, which is developed in the background of the definition of the preposition and takes its starting point from the type of syntactic complement. This leads to a scale of prepositions which can be represented as follows. Prototypical are prepositions that can only be followed by nominal phrases with an article and always show morphological case (e.g., während des Staatsbesuches). Less typical are prepositions that can also be followed by nominal phrases without an article and, as a consequence of this, they cannot show any morphological case (e.g., gegen Barzahlung). Untypical are prepositions that cannot be followed by nominal phrases with an article and never show morphological case (e.g., bis Montag). The investigation carried out in this article aims at providing a non-traditional classification of German prepositions. The obtained results are well suited for teaching prepositions in the didactics of German as a foreign and second language. PubDate: 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.17951/en.2022.7.247-264 Issue No:Vol. 7 (2022)
Authors:Anne-Marie Dionne Pages: 265 - 282 Abstract: The article focuses on the expression of emotions in children’s picture books. Picture books featuring only anthropomorphized animals have been compared to other picture books where all the characters are humans. We observed that picture books with anthropomorphized animals have fewer textual references describing emotions and that the concordance between text and illustrations is less noticeable. Picture books featuring human beings are therefore a better choice for supporting the understanding of young children’s emotions. PubDate: 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.17951/en.2022.7.265-282 Issue No:Vol. 7 (2022)
Authors:Dorota Karkut Pages: 283 - 290 Abstract: The article is a review of two monographs: Praktyki czytania. Ponowoczesna interpretacja a szkoła of Grażyna Tomaszewska and Praktykowanie lektury of Dariusz Szczukowski, published in 2019. The authors are professors of the University of Gdańsk who meet the expectations of contemporary school and propose ways of working with literary texts that inspire teachers and students, allowing them to open up to the multidimensionality of reading perspectives. PubDate: 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.17951/en.2022.7.283-290 Issue No:Vol. 7 (2022)
Authors:Magdalena Marzec-Jóźwicka Pages: 291 - 310 Abstract: Learning to read is one of the greatest challenges faced by a child. When it comes to age, it is impossible to tell when the time is right. The child should learn to read when he/she wants to and when he/she is ready for it. Parents play a large role in learning to read. Thanks to their support, learning to read can turn out to be an interesting adventure. This article is based on the experience of a mother who watches her child learn to read and helps him improve this important skill. The solutions used for this purpose are described – methods, systems, exercises, and educational games, such as: reading using the syllable method, reading with the use of TAC system (Think – Arrange – Check), reading the so-called wise fairy tales educating to values and having a therapeutic and ludic character, model reading aloud and reading comprehension. Their use depends on the needs and abilities of the child, at what stage of learning to read they are at: whether they are just starting it and learning to recognize letters, or are they able to read individual words or even whole sentences. Thanks to these methodological suggestions, the child has a chance to read efficiently, willingly and often, treating reading as a natural and everyday activity, giving pleasure and activating the imagination. PubDate: 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.17951/en.2022.7.291-310 Issue No:Vol. 7 (2022)
Authors:Sandra Kaszubowska Pages: 311 - 327 Abstract: The subject of reflection in the article is the reception of Pan Tadeusz by Adam Mickiewicz. In order to investigate it, the author conducted an anonymous questionnaire among students of primary and secondary schools in Gdańsk, Wejherowo and Wiślinka. The collected material shows that the respondents do not treat the world of Pan Tadeusz without reflection, but reinterpret the values shown in it and depart from the typical interpretations of understanding the behavior of literary heroes. The analysis of the collected results leads to the conclusion that the way to revive the classical literature in the school space may be a departure from the classroom schematicism in favor of non-stereotypical creative work conditioned by students’ opinions, judgments and reflections. PubDate: 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.17951/en.2022.7.311-327 Issue No:Vol. 7 (2022)
Authors:Kinga Wyskiel Pages: 331 - 346 Abstract: The article presents two issues: utopianism in the context of articles published in “Świat Młodych” and the rhetoric of these texts. Based on the assumption that rhetoric is a tool for examining our thoughts, the relationship between the aims of the magazine and the way of formulating press releases has been presented. Due to the fact that the phenomenon of utopianism is still poorly recognized in the Polish humanities, it had to be properly characterized. In order to show the dependence of the selection of rhetorical means and eristic techniques on the topics, problems and the addressee taken up in the journal, an analysis was made of sample articles that appeared in the journal in 1975–1985. PubDate: 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.17951/en.2022.7.331-346 Issue No:Vol. 7 (2022)
Authors:Ewelina Zygan Pages: 347 - 366 Abstract: The article is a philosophical commentary on Olga Tokarczuk’s therapy program Moomins: Road to Maturity. The main goal of the article is to show the existential background of Moomin Stories, and thus go beyond the interpretation proposed by the Nobel Prize winner in the perspective of depth psychology. The article emphasizes the adoption of a different attitude towards Tokarczuk’s reading of Moomins, which is reductionist and deterministic. Meanwhile, the existential interpretation allows for a critical discussion of the assumptions adopted in the psychological and developmental reading of the Nobel Prize winner. PubDate: 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.17951/en.2022.7.347-366 Issue No:Vol. 7 (2022)
Authors:Anita Gis Pages: 367 - 377 Abstract: The article is a review of two books that constitute an important voice in the discussion about today’s education: Docenić szkołę. Dydaktyczna teoria i metodyczna praktyka of Maria Kwiatkowska-Ratajczak and Archipelag (nie tylko) dobrych myśli developed by Michał Ratajczak. Their main goal is not only to deepen didactic knowledge, but also to demonstrate the need to change the way of thinking about education today. PubDate: 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.17951/en.2022.7.367-377 Issue No:Vol. 7 (2022)
Authors:Artur Timofiejew Pages: 379 - 394 Abstract: The aim of the article is to explain the fact that Jacek Idzi Przybylski (1756–1819), a translator of classical epic poems and an expert on antiquity, was included in the circle of pre-romantic “young” poets criticized in the satire Nowy Parnas (1818). Such an explanation can be provided by recreating the literary views of the author of the satire – Franciszek Morawski, who on the one hand suggested a new reading of Horace’s and Boileau’s poetics, which was fundamental for classicism, and, on the other, repeated the opinions about poetry expressed by Franciszek Ksawery Dmochowski in the 1780s. In the context of these views, the position of a poet-classicist for the “young” authors, occupied by Przybylski in Nowy Parnas, can be understood both as a perfect manifestation of corrupting good taste and purity of language (that is, the flaws of the poetry of the “young”) and as a perfect, in spite of its linguistic deficiencies, negation of mental and formal shallowness of the works of “the Polish youth”. Making Przybylski an ambivalently understood authority in the field of poetry justifies including his name in the criticism of the “young” writers, and at the same time, it does not allow for identifying him with them. PubDate: 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.17951/en.2022.7.379-394 Issue No:Vol. 7 (2022)
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