Authors:Dindin Hidayatul Mursyidin, Muhammad Zia Zul Haq, Badruzsaufari Badruzsaufari Pages: 1 - 8 Abstract: Studies on genetic diversity and relationships are necessary for breeders and scientists to increase the effectiveness of future breeding programs. The tidal swamp rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the potential germplasms which has a prominent opportunity to be incorporated in the rice breeding program. This study aimed to investigate and reveal the genetic diversity and relationship of tidal swamp rice germplasms indigenously from South Kalimantan, Indonesia, using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of ten rice samples, consisting of nine from this region and one from South Sumatera (an outgroup), and five selected RAPD markers, i.e., OPB-06, OPAJ-01, OPAB-17, OPAL-09, and OPAL-08, were used in this study. DNA amplifications were performed and programmed for one cycle of initial denaturation (5 min, 94ºC), 45 cycles of denaturation (30 sec, 94ºC), annealing (30 sec, 37ºC), and extension (1.5 min, 72ºC), as well as one cycle of final extension (7 min, 72ºC). The genetic similarity was analyzed using Dice’s coefficient method, whereas their relationship (dendrogram) by the UPGMA. The results showed that these germplasms have a moderate genetic diversity level, indicated by the polymorphism degree of 75.64%. The clustering analysis revealed that they are grouped into three main groups at a similarity coefficient of 0.70. In this case, Siam Unus is distantly related to the other cultivars and forms a solitaire group. Siam Unus also shows the farthest relationship with Sardani, an outgroup. It is a new finding for the genetic insight of tidal swamp rice of South Kalimantan, Indonesia, including their diversity and relationship. Thus, the results obtained from this study is useful in supporting future rice conservation and breeding programs. PubDate: 2022-04-05 DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i1.33168 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Nuniek Ina Ratnaningtyas, Hernayanti Hernayanti, Nuraeni Ekowati, Fajar Husen, Isnaini Maulida, Riama Kustianingrum, Vika Vidiyanti Pages: 9 - 21 Abstract: Coprinus comatus, well-known as Shaggy Ink Cap mushroom, is potential herbal medicine. Synthetic medicines sometimes cause side effects; therefore, it is necessary to innovate with herbal medications with minimal side effects. The study evaluated in vitro and in vivo treatments to evaluate the antioxidant effect and activity of C. comatus. The in vivo treatment was conducted using six groups of Wistar rats (n = 24). Group 1 healthy control (HC), groups 2–6 received 45 mg/Kg BW of streptozotocin once, group 2 just streptozotocin-induced (NC), group 3 was given 45 mg/kg BW of metformin (PC), groups 4–6 were given 250 (T1), 500 (T2), and 750 mg (T3) of C. comatus extract for 14 days, and the in vitro was conducted using an antioxidant oxidant assay. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range tests. Based on qualitative analysis, C. comatus mycelium extract contained polyphenol, flavonoids, terpenoids, and fruiting body extract had flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins. The in vitro analysis showed that the mycelium extract had an antioxidant activity by inhibiting free radicals up to 58.51% with an IC50 value of 72.77 mg/L. The in vivo treatment using C. comatus fruiting body extract showed that it could increase the endogenous antioxidant levels of GPx, SOD, catalase and reduce MDA levels (p < 0.05). The most effective dose of C. comatus extract is 500 mg. This research has shown the potential of mycelium and C. comatus fruitbody extract as an antioxidant supplement in a diabetic rat model. PubDate: 2022-04-05 DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i1.34244 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Wulan Septiningtyas Kurniajati, Resa Sri Rahayu, Apriliana Dyah Prawestri, Ahmad Zaelani, Diyah Martanti, Herlina Herlina, Yuyu Suryasari Poerba Pages: 22 - 29 Abstract: Pisang Klutuk Wulung is one of Musa balbisiana accessions which has potential for genetic improvement of cultivated banana so that its conservation is essential. This research aimed to study the post-storage germination of Indonesian seeds of Pisang Klutuk Wulung. Storage methods were carried out using a factorial completely randomized design with three factors: packing methods using vacuum and non-vacuum plastic bags; storage temperature at 25ºC, 4ºC, and -20ºC; and storage duration by 7, 14, 30, and 50 days. The germinations were done in vitro and ex vitro. The results showed that seeds stored at 25ºC in non-vacuum plastic bags were infested by molds, contrasting to the non-vacuum treatment. The sterilization method using 25% sodium hypoclorite, Tween 20, and 80% alcohol resulted in less contamination than 96% alcohol. In vitro germination from the vacuum treatment had a higher germination rate than non-vacuum treatment. However, ex vitro germination was not affected by the storage method. Similar patterns were seen in vitro and ex vitro germination as storage in 4ºC resulted in better seed germination after 30 and 50 days. In contrast, at -20ºC, no embryo germinated in all storage duration treatments. Pisang Klutuk Wulung seeds could not be stored in the long term as they rapidly lost their viability. Our finding showed that airtight condition by vacuum treatment and low temperature at 4ºC were able to maintain seed viability for longer period of storage. Thus, this finding was useful to improve Musa breeding programs and as an essential step for the long-term conservation of Musa genetic resources. PubDate: 2022-04-05 DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i1.32377 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:WH Nugrahaningsih, Novi Latifa, Lisdiana Lisdiana Pages: 30 - 35 Abstract: Carica papaya leaves have many benefits, such as cancer treatment, lactation, digestive problem, and dengue fever. Papaya leaves contain various bioactive components such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, carbohydrates, proteins, fats and steroids. Rutin is a flavonoid contained in Carica papaya leaf. Utilization of Carica papaya leaves as a herbal remedy requires data safety, effectiveness, bioavailability and stability of bioactive compounds of herbal medicine in the body. This study aimed to explore Carica papaya leaf extract's absorption by measuring the serial flavonoids in the plasma. The flavonoid profile of plasma was analogue by Rutin concentration profile. Time-series designs were conducted on fourteen rats were divided into seven groups. The single dose of papaya leaf extract (900 mg dissolved in 2 mL of aquadest) was given orally. Blood samples were collected about 1.5 mL at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours after oral administration. HPLC measured plasma Rutin flavonoid level. The maximum concentration (Cmax) was 0.026 mg/mL that reach 4 hours after oral administration (Tmax ). The half-time (t1/2) was 94.683 hours, and the area under the curve (AUC1-4) was 0.362 mg. h/mL. Carica papaya leaf extract was slowly absorbed and stayed in the plasma for a long time. The implication of the data of flavonoid profile can be used to manage the dose and frequency of extract oral treatment. PubDate: 2022-04-05 DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i1.34328 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Rahmah Qisti Nandina, Kartini Eriani, Cynthia Wahyu Asrizal, Al Azhar Pages: 36 - 47 Abstract: COVID-19 has been declared a pandemic and continues to spread, leading to health and economic problems and economic burdens worldwide. COVID-19 symptoms are similar to the flu and, in severely infected patients, emerge as an acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS), pulmonary fibrosis, edema, and even organ failure. These are due to an imbalanced immune response with a more severe effect than the virus attack. However, no specific medications and treatments are available in dealing with the COVID-19. Hence, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment is proposed as one therapeutic approach. The MSCs can produce growth factors and immune protective cytokines that could fight viral infection and are proven to help endothelial cell repair. These capabilities are expected to help resist viruses and tissue repair in a patient body. MSC is believed to prevent acute respiratory infections, the most dangerous stage of COVID-19 pathogenesis. In this study, we collect some literature, reviewing and summarizing them so that we believe that MSC could be an approach to cure COVID-19 patients and improve their responses to the virus. This article reviews the use of mesenchymal stem cells as a potential therapy for COVID-19, and this information can also be used as basic information for developing a stem-cell-based therapy, especially for treating COVID-19. PubDate: 2022-04-05 DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i1.32367 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Rizmoon Nurul Zulkarnaen, Hendra Helmanto, Wihermanto Wihermanto, Enggal Primananda, Iyan Robiansyah, Yayan Wahyu Candra Kusuma Pages: 48 - 56 Abstract: The discovery of Pinaga javana Blume in Mount Ungaran is new information for the distribution of this palm because there was no record of this palm on Mount Ungaran. Therefore, to reveal the population of P. javana in Mount Ungaran, this research was carried out to determine the population structure and habitat preference of P. javana. The study for P. javana was conducted using the focused survey method to explore all the side of Mount Ungaran (northern, southern, western, and eastern). The total area explored is 13 locations. All palm individuals have been recorded for diameter, height, and habitat. The results showed that from 13 locations, the population of P. javana was only found in 5 locations. Mainly on the southern side of Mount Ungaran. The total population of P. javana is around 213 individuals. The highest number of individuals is in the seedlings stage. The population of P. javana found is mostly on steep slopes compared to ridges that tend to be flat. In addition, the suspected habitat as a specific preference is the position of the slopes that are closer to the water source (river). The study also found that the distribution of P. javana was assisted by a dispersal agent (forest civet). In general, this study provides new information for the distribution records of P. javana in Java. Therefore, in this palm conservation function, special efforts are needed to increase the population of P. javana on Mount Ungaran. PubDate: 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i1.35230 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Atia Nadira Lumban Tobing, Sri Darmanti, Endah Dwi Hastuti, Munifatul Izzati Pages: 57 - 64 Abstract: Mangrove is a brackish plant that can live in habitats with extreme environmental conditions. For instance, the grey mangrove (Avicennia marina) is a mangrove species that can adapt anatomically in habitats with a wide range of salinity, such as ponds and coasts. This study examines the forms of anatomical adaptation of A. marina by comparing the anatomical structure of A. marina leaves that live in two different habitats, namely pond, and coast in the Mangunharjo area, Semarang, Central Java. The third leaf from the tip of the tree branches was used as samples and taken from three different trees in each habitat. Cross-section prepared microscope slides of the leaves were made using the embedding method and observed using a photomicrograph. The quantitative data were analyzed using the T-test at a 90% confidence level, while the qualitative data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that different environmental conditions do not cause differences in the anatomy of A. marina leaves, but there are some histological modifications as a form of adaptation. These modifications are differences in the thickness of the cuticle, adaxial epidermis, parenchymal palisade tissue, spongy parenchyma, and the number of xylem cells in one vascular bundle. This research might initiate more advanced studies regarding the correlation between mangroves’ anatomical structure and anatomical adaptation towards diverse environmental conditions. The results of this study are expected to provide information about the anatomical structure of A. marina leaves that live in two habitats with different environmental conditions. PubDate: 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i1.29828 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Nurul Aini, Tatik Chikmawati, Sulistijorini Sulistijorini, Nina Ratna Djuita, Nunik Sri Ariyanti Pages: 65 - 74 Abstract: Tea plantations can provide microclimate conditions for many epiphytic species, including orchids, but information on their diversity is not yet available. Epiphytic orchid diversity study has been carried out at the Nirmala Tea Plantation, Bogor, West Java. The main objective of this study was to reveal the diversity of epiphytic orchids in the Nirmala Tea Plantation. The data were obtained by vegetation analysis using the purposive sampling method by making 54 plots sized 5 x 5m2 at two different altitudes, 1050 and 1500 masl. The quantitative data were analyzed by calculating the critical value and morisita indices. The correlation between epiphytic orchid and microclimate variables was processed using Spearman bivariate correlation, performed using Canonical Correspondence Analysis. A total of 15 epiphytic orchids were found at an altitude of 1050 m asl and 10 species of epiphytic orchids at an altitude of 1500 m asl. Seven species, Agrostophyllum longifolium Rchb.f., Appendicula reflexa Blume, Bulbophyllum sp.2, Dendrochilum sp., Eria sp.1, Flickingeria sp, Pholidota carnea Lindl, were found at both altitudes. The diversity of epiphytic orchids is affected by altitude, light intensity, and wind speed. The distribution pattern of epiphytic orchids in Nirmala Tea Plantation is clumped. The results of this study report the diversity of orchids grown in tea plantations for the first time. This information is helpful for the cultivation and conservation of orchid diversity in the future. PubDate: 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i1.35076 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Aditya Marianti, Edward Louis Krey, Wulan Christijanti, Lisdiana Lisdiana Pages: 75 - 81 Abstract: As an organ that absorbs food, the intestine can be damaged when interacting directly with lead (Pb). Gamma Co-60 irradiated chitosan, and vitamin E combination potentially can help reduce free radical damage to intestinal organs. This study examines the efficacy of gamma Co-60 irradiated chitosan and vitamin E combination in protecting the intestinal tissue of rats exposed to Pb acetate. The 24 rats were grouped into 6 groups, each 4 rats; were induced with Pb acetate, except the control group. The negative control group was only induced Pb acetate. The positive control group had additional treatment of irradiated chitosan. The treatment group (1-3) was treated using the combination of gamma Co-60 irradiated chitosan at a dose of 64 mg/kg BW and vitamin E 1000 IU at a dose of 1.44; 2.16, 3.00 mg/kg BW, respectively, for forty days. The research parameters observed are edema, degeneration, necrosis, erosion of the intestinal villi, and lysis of the intestinal villi. Intestinal histology appearance data in all groups were analyzed descriptively. The result shows that a combination of Gamma Co-60 irradiated chitosan at a dose of 64 mg/kg BW and vitamin E at a dose of 1.44 mg/kg BW effectively reduced lead cytotoxicity in the intestinal tissue of Pb acetate-induced rats. The larger the dose of vitamin E has the potential to produce pro-oxidants, which will increase the toxic effect on intestinal tissue. Gamma Co-60 irradiated chitosan, and vitamin E combination at the right dose has the potential to be developed as a supplement to reduce the toxic effects of chronic lead exposure. Especially for people who, for some reason, cannot avoid chronic lead exposure. PubDate: 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i1.34822 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Haryuni Haryuni, Muhamad Amin, Endang Suprapti, Tyas Soemarah Kurnia Dewi, Eko Hartoyo Pages: 82 - 89 Abstract: Goat manure and husk charcoal are agricultural wastes that have not been used optimally, contain soil microorganisms that are effective in converting nutrients into more perfect forms, play a role in improving soil physical properties and increase the ability of soil to bind nutrients. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of goat manure and husk charcoal to proline reduction and increase growth of vanilla plant induced by Binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR). The study was designed with a factorial completely randomized block design. The first factor is the dose of manure (0,5,10,15) g/plant, the second factor is the dose of husk charcoal (0,5, 10, 15) g/plant. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance ANOVA with Duncan's Multiple Distance Test (DMRT) with a significant difference of 5%. The effect of doses of goat manure and husk charcoal induced by BNR can reduce proline contents and increase growth of vanilla plant. The benefit of this research is to provide treatment information to reduce proline levels and increase plant growth with the application of goat fertilizer and husk charcoal. PubDate: 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i1.35618 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Fajar Husen, Nuniek Ina Ratnaningtyas, Siti Samiyarsih, Juni Safitri Muljowati, Nur Fitrianto Pages: 90 - 102 Abstract: Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) is the third food crop commodity after rice and maize in Indonesia. This plant is also known as the most important source of vegetable protein, which is relatively inexpensive, but a decrease in soybean productivity can occur due to infection with disease-causing pathogens, one of is Cercospora kikuchii which causes Cercospora leaf blight (CLB). The research objectives were to determine the anatomical resistance and disease severity of soybean cultivars against CLB. The method was an experiment with a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern; factor 1 being soybean cultivars (Dering, Slamet, Grobogan, Wilis) and factor 2, namely pathogen inoculation (0 conidiospores/mL and 105 conidiospores/mL). Anatomical method preparations using paraffin, staining with 1% safranin. Disease criteria are based on the council of scientific and industrial research (CSIR) assessment method. Data were analysis used analysis of variance (p<0.05) and the least significance difference (LSD). The results showed that Dering and Slamet cultivars had the largest cuticle, epidermis, and palisade ratios and the smallest stomata length and width with the largest number of stomata and trichomes compared to Grobogan and Wilis. The disease severity (DS) of the cultivars Dering 14.6%, Slamet 24.64%, Grobogan 24.80% (classified as a resistant with low infection), while Wilis cultivar was 31.08% as a moderately susceptible cultivar with moderate infection. The novelty of soybean cultivar selection against CLB is important and its effectiveness for increasing soybean productivity. Dering, Slamet and Grobogan are likely to be further developed with their resistance to CLB disease. PubDate: 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i1.34865 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Agus Nuryanto, Sri Riani, Dian Bhagawati, Elly Tuti Winarni, Farida Nur Rachmawati Pages: 103 - 116 Abstract: Taxonomic status of Anguilla species in the rivers of Cilacap is vital for further study, such as population genetics and evolutionary history. Taxonomic status, population genetic, and evolutionary histories of Anguilla can be assessed using single genetic marker, such as cytochrome oxidase 1 gene. This study aimed to determine taxonomic status, genetic diversity and connectivity, and evolutionary history of Anguilla populations in the rivers of Cilacap. Anguilla samples were collected from Doplang-Serayu and Segara Anakan watersheds. Sequence homology test to the conspecific sequence in GenBank proved that all samples from Doplang-Serayu watershed were genetically identified as Anguilla bicolor (98.23 to 100% homology). The decision was supported by monophyly between samples and their conspecific references. Anguilla bicolor from both watersheds had high haplotype (gene) diversity. Amova and Fst analysis proved that no genetic difference (p=0.623) was observed between Doplang-Serayu and Segara Anakan watersheds, indicated panmixing. Haplotype network proved that both populations were evolved from two primitive ancestors. This study concluded that Anguilla bicolor was the only freshwater eel observed in the rivers of Cilacap. Anguilla bicolor in the rivers of Cilacap has high genetic diversity but no genetic differentiation was observed among populations. Anguilla bicolor population in the rivers of Cilacap evolved from two primitive ancestors. PubDate: 2022-04-13 DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i1.35421 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Dewi Lestari, Agus Susatya Pages: 117 - 124 Abstract: Locals in Lumajang have reported the growth of Rafflesia in Tempursari and Pasirian. Because species identification is fundamental for ecological monitoring, this study aims to identify species and record its geographical distribution. The Rafflesia at two locations were identified as R. zollingeriana after observing the specimens at the site and comparing them to herbaria from THBB and PHPB. This signifies that the distribution of R. zollingeriana in East Java has been updated. R. zollingeriana was formerly thought to only exist in conservation areas like Meru Betiri National Park and Watangan Nature Reserve, but this research demonstrates that it also exists outside of these protected/conservation areas. Only hills and steep cliffs are home to R. zollingeriana in Lumajang. This extremely limited and tough environment is assumed as a result of the conversion of forests into agricultural plantation, which only remained these sites for R. zollingeriana to grow. In order to prevent R. zollingeriana extinction in these areas, conservation strategies are required. This study offers conservation strategy recommendations, both in situ and ex situ. These recommendations expected could be used to establish a long-term conservation strategy for East Java's Rafflesia. PubDate: 2022-04-13 DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i1.33089 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Henri Henri, Dayu Puspita Sari, Luchman Hakim Pages: 125 - 134 Abstract: The people of South Bangka Regency have been well-known for using plants as traditional medicine and applied it in their daily life, but the information about the indigenous medical system the limited written of documentation. This study aimed to describe the types of medicinal herbs, analyze the medicinal herbs used as traditional medicine, and discover the conservational effort practiced by the Malays which is the local ethnic of South Bangka Regency. The study employed a quantitative method with field observation techniques, interviews, and herbs identification. The data were analyzed using the ethnomedicinal quantitative method. The results showed that there were 117 species of medicinal herbs with 57 families, while the most frequently used herb was Areca catechu with the results of UV (0.16), FL (16.22), and RFC (0.004). On the important family value (FIV), the most frequently used herb was the Myrtaceae family with 9 species, followed by Poaceae with 8 species. One of the conservation efforts of medicinal plants is by conducting cultivation to help prevent extinction in their natural habitat. PubDate: 2022-04-13 DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i1.34455 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Nur Laila, Agung Janika Sitasiwi, Sri Isdadiyanto Pages: 135 - 146 Abstract: Neem leaves contain bioactive compounds, including tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids which are thought to have a cholesterol-lowering effect, but are also accompanied by antifertility effects. This study aims to determine the effect of neem leaf ethanol extract on the structure and reproduction of hyper-cholesterol or hyperlipidaemic male rats. The study used a completely randomized design which was divided into 6 groups with 4 repetitions, namely: P0 (negative control), P1 (positive control), P2 (8 mg/gBW simvastatin), P3, P4, and P5 (75, 100, and 125 mg/gBWof neem leaf extract). Parameters observed were testicular structure (epithelial thickness and seminiferous tubule diameter), GSI, ESI, epididymal protein expression and concentration, morphology and number of spermatozoa. Exposure to ethanolic extract of neem leaves had a significant effect on seminiferous tubule diameter, morphology and number of spermatozoa in white rats fed a high-fat diet, but did not differ significantly on the thickness of the seminiferous tubule epithelium and GSI, so it can be concluded that the effect of ethanolic extract of neem leaves in hypercholesterolemic rats decreased the structure and function of male reproduction as indicated by spermatozoa morphology, spermatozoa number, epididymal protein expression, and testicular structure, supported by the results of protein concentration, GSI, and ESI. PubDate: 2022-04-13 DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i1.31470 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
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