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Abstract: The original article has been revised to correct the presentation of the tables. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40688-021-00378-1 PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract Traditional school models and policy frameworks have often neglected the outside-of-school factors that can impact students’ academic achievement and well-being at school. However, a number of schools in the USA have been or are beginning to integrate community-based support services to address students’ varied needs. School-based wraparound is an approach to promoting student success through a process of identifying, securing, and coordinating relevant supports. This article will describe some of the history of wraparound, its use as a school-based approach, the core principles of the process, and some examples of implementation in schools. The article will then provide a review of the outcomes research. In general, the current literature and research on the use of wraparound services suggest that it is a promising and cost-effective approach that can help to support student success. Finally, some current resources for planning and implementing wraparound services available to education professionals will be discussed. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract There is a need for teenagers and adolescents to be aware of mental health topics that affect their peers and community as well as resources for how to seek help. Project Mental Health Awareness (PMHA) is a self-sustaining program designed to be incorporated into any junior high or high school curriculum to increase mental health awareness and promote early recognition by teenagers. The program facilitates and guides students through the process of creating Public Service Announcements (PSA) with mental health themes. After picking a mental health theme, the students must research the topic using appropriate resources and script, film, and edit a PSA targeted toward their peers. In the first 3 years of the program, 80 PSAs were made at two separate high schools. Common topics chosen by students include depression, suicide, and bullying. The program utilizes the students’ creativity and knowledge of social media and technology to provide mental health awareness and resources for teens, by teens. PMHA is unique in that it uses the peer-peer education model through technology and that it is student-driven with little teacher direction. Future directions include formal research on the effectiveness and impact of the program, spreading the curriculum to more school districts, and further building an elementary curriculum. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract This study examined relations between student engagement and drug use using data obtained from the statewide biennial California Healthy Kids Survey. Latent variable modeling with confirmatory factor analysis indicated four conceptually distinct and psychometrically sound factors capturing academic motivation, school connectedness, caring relations, and meaningful participation. Further tests indicated relative invariance of the measurement models across grade (7th, 9th, and 11th) and gender. Structural equation models indicated unique prediction of drug use from the four engagement factors with academic motivation providing the largest magnitude of effect. Evidence of suppression was corrected statistically to show consistent prediction across the four constructs. The relative magnitude of regression coefficients diminished considerably with the introduction of relevant covariates. Results are discussed in terms of designing educational programs that emphasize multiple facets of engagement while at the same time also addressing pedagogical means to boost student academic motivation. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract Understanding the existing discrepancy between school psychologist engagement in systems-level consultation and the ascribed importance of such practice is likely multifaceted. Barriers, such as time spent in assessment, limited training in consultation, and high caseloads, are known to reduce the possibilities and opportunities for school psychologist participation in systems-level consultation as discussed by Barrett et al. 2017 and Curtis et al. (2012). An underexplored potential barrier to increased school psychologist involvement in more consultative activities, especially at the systems-level, may be resistance from school administrators, such as principals, to offer and engage school psychologists in consultative opportunities. The present study sought to explore principal perceptions of school psychologist preparedness for and engagement in systems-level consultation. Results of this study suggest principals may not perceive school psychologists as having the necessary knowledge and skills to provide systems-level consultation. Additionally, a principal’s knowledge about systems-level consultation and school psychologist accessibility were found to significantly influence how often principals provided school psychologists with systems-level consultation opportunities. Results of this study may aid school psychology training programs in preparing future systems-level consultants and help current school psychologists interested in expanding their roles by entering into systems-level activities. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract Exposure and response prevention is an evidence-based intervention recommended as a first-line treatment for childhood anxiety disorders. Despite over a century of research establishing its efficacy, many school- and college-aged youth fail to receive timely and effective treatment. This brief review will summarize the rationale and efficacy of exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy, highlight the challenges of treatment implementation, and provide resources for practitioners seeking to apply exposure therapy in practice. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract Perceived social support is an important predictor of school mental health outcomes of students. However, more research is needed on the indirect effects in this association. The present study aimed to investigate the direct and indirect effects (via mental toughness) of parent-classmate-teacher support on early adolescents’ school mental health. A total of 359 early adolescents (Mage = 12.77, SD = 0.91) from grades 6 to 8 participated in the research. The child and adolescent support scale, mental toughness scale for adolescents, and psychological wellbeing and distress screener were used as measuring instruments. The results suggest the importance of perceived social support from parents and classmates for school well-being, as well as the importance of mediating role of mental toughness. The present results extend our insight into the mechanism underlying the links between perceived social support and school mental health outcomes. Implications and limitations are discussed, and suggestions for future research are provided. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract The study tested whether deficits in executive function are associated with adolescent risky behavior engagement. At baseline, adolescents (n = 102) aged 12 to 19 years were administered a performance-based measure of executive function and self-report measure of broad-based risky behavior engagement. Additionally, a teacher report for each participant delineating executive function was obtained. In line with our hypothesis, hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that adolescents exhibiting poor observer-reported executive function (i.e., teacher report) were more likely to engage in a greater frequency of risky behaviors. Conversely, there was no relationship between the performance-based measure of adolescent executive function and risky behaviors. These findings highlight the importance of obtaining teacher input when operationalizing youth vulnerability, particularly as this relates to understanding executive function deficits. Clinical implications for in-school intervention programs are discussed. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract A telepresence robot (TR) is one type of technology used to support teleconsultation in schools and may be preferred over other technologies due to its ability to provide immediate videoconferencing with mobility from a remote location. The aim of the current study was to examine teachers’ willingness of using a TR as a training mechanism for working with students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Through constant comparative analysis of focus group transcripts, this exploratory qualitative study assessed six teachers’ willingness of using TR. In total, 145 text fragments were coded and categorized. This process yielded three macro-categories, six micro-categories, nine primary codes, and 18 secondary codes. Advantages of using TRs, potential barriers, and future research directions are discussed. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract School personnel regularly conduct systematic direct observation (SDO) as part of educational evaluation and intervention progress monitoring. Despite the regularity with which SDO is utilized, little research has been devoted to the identification of efficient and effective training procedures. Thirty-two undergraduate students in education participated in the current study and were randomly assigned to one of two methods of feedback as a means of promoting accurate SDO: post hoc feedback and real-time feedback. Participants in each group completed three observations, one pre-training, one training, and one post-training. The dependent variables assessed were changes in interobserver agreement (IOA) with a criterion and overall accuracy of the observation. Results did not reveal significant differences in IOA between the two groups. A significant interaction was found between group assignment and measurement occasion for observation accuracy. Overall, results suggest that real-time feedback did not confer added benefit. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract Integrated behavioral health services are becoming more commonplace, yet do not always encompass the school context. Collaborative approaches to meeting the needs of children with chronic illness are critical. For those who miss school during treatment or rehabilitation, reentry to school following extended absence can be problematic. For these students, there are unique additional challenges to consider. School reintegration programs as a component of behavioral health may benefit not only the child with chronic illness but also their peers and school personnel. The existing research is reviewed here along with the implications and the need for additional research to establish most effective approaches. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract This study evaluates the effects and reception of the Universal Curriculum Against Radicalization in Europe: an intervention aimed at preventing radicalization trough fostering social and civic competences and disrupting mechanisms involved in radicalization. A total of 191 Dutch secondary school students received the curriculum. The effects were assessed by contrasting the intervention and comparison groups. The curriculum was positively received by both teachers and students. Participants in the intervention group improved significantly more than the comparison group on the majority of measured outcomes: mindfulness, conflict resolution, assertiveness, (multiple) identity awareness, political self-efficacy, awareness of group pressure, critical open-mindedness, and perspective taking. Results suggest that the UCARE curriculum fosters skills and competences indicated to have preventive potential against radicalization. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract Research on microaggression has primarily focused on the experiences of adults, as researchers have yet to extensively examine the experiences of school-age children. The few studies that exist suggest that microaggressions are problematic well before young people reach college or the working world. The current study adds to the microaggression literature through an examination of the experiences of adolescents holding minoritized racial and sexual orientation identities at a Midwestern public high school. Participants in the study completed a survey that assessed their experiences with microaggressions, the degree to which they found them offensive, and their experiences with peers and school personnel. Results of the study suggest that these microaggressive exchanges are relevant for high school students and that individual differences exist in the way that adolescents notice and label microaggressive verbalizations as offensive. Future research directions are discussed, as well as implications for those working directly with students in schools. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract School psychology state associations are given the monumental task of translating best practices for advocacy into intentional actions for members. This responsibility, paired with the numerous task demands placed on volunteer organizations, can be problematic when deciding how to approach key issues within a state that are important to school psychologists and the children that are served. This paper purports how state associations might use a framework of decision-making strategically to engage in intentional and meaningful advocacy actions that can make a difference. Key aspects to the state advocacy action model include building advocacy systems, using data within a problem-solving model, as well as for deciding on specific actions to build grassroots advocacy efforts. Specific examples of how a state association may engage in these actions are given. Impact statement: The article explores a model of advocacy for state school psychology associations. This model has the potential to guide associations to engage in highly impactful practices to create positive change for the profession and children who need advocates. The article explores the theoretical underpinnings of the model and gives case examples of how the model may be implemented for grassroots advocacy efforts. PubDate: 2022-04-27
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Abstract: Abstract The Social Emotional Health Survey-Secondary-2020 (SEHS-S-2020) is a well-studied option for assessing social emotional health to support students within a multitiered system of school support. While a growing body of literature supports the SEHS-S-2020 measure for assessing student covitality, there is less validation evidence specifically for middle-school-aged students. The present study aimed to fill this gap in the literature by examining its use for younger adolescents. Study participants were from two samples, including a cross-sectional sample with 9,426 students in Grades 7–8 from 32 counties in California and a longitudinal sample with 414 students in Grades 6–8 from two middle schools. Data analyses examined structural validity, internal consistency, measurement invariance, criterion validity, predictive validity, and response stability. Results indicate excellent fit indices for a four-level higher-order measurement model, with adequate concurrent and one-year predictive validity coefficients, supporting the use of the SEHS-S-2020 measure with young adolescents in middle school settings. The discussion focuses on implications for assessing students’ psychosocial assets, universal school-based screening, and cultural and intersectionality considerations when interpreting SEHS-S-2020 responses. PubDate: 2022-03-23
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Abstract: Abstract Research has demonstrated that school-based problem-solving teams (SB PSTs), a term describing teams engaging in efforts to remediate problems in school settings, can effectively improve student functioning while reducing special education referrals and disproportionality. Unfortunately, questions remain as to the effectiveness of SB PSTs in the absence of research oversight. Additionally, despite widespread use, little is known about how research and best-practice guidance have translated to applied SB PST implementation. Survey responses from 3233 educators were used to begin this exploration. Study results provide insight into SB PST prevalence, processes, procedures, composition, and targeted outcomes, as well as educator perceptions of team efficiency and effectiveness. Study findings suggest SB PST implementation varies widely across team name, activities, membership, roles, and functions. Stakeholder reports suggest poor alignment with practices endorsed in SB PST literature, including an apparent underutilization of school psychologists, well-qualified to contribute to, if not lead, SB PSTs. Overall, administrators, teachers, and school mental health service providers indicated favorable perceptions of the efficiency and effectiveness of their SB PSTs. Administrator ratings appeared slightly more favorable generally across these SB PST outcomes, and were significantly more favorable than ratings provided by teachers. However, ratings of perceived efficiency and effectiveness seemed inconsistent with prior empirical SB PST research, leaving clear room for improvement. Furthermore, when compared to other survey item responses, perceptions of efficiency and effectiveness appeared inconsistent, if not contrary to the widely espoused goals of SB PSTs, to remediate student challenges. These findings may be related to an apparent infrequent alignment of reported practices with evidence-based guidance, as indicated by participant responses. Collectively, this study suggests the need for (1) continued research related to SB PSTs, particularly applied SB PST practices, and (2) increased support for SB PST implementation through more explicit, prescriptive guidance, as well as initial and ongoing training and performance feedback for stakeholders. PubDate: 2022-03-11
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Abstract: Abstract Insufficient sleep is common among school-attending youth and has been associated with academic, cognitive, social-emotional, and behavioral functioning. Despite these associations, it is believed that few school psychologists are prepared to identify, assess, or treat sleep problems manifested in the K-12 setting. However, no published research has explored the prevalence of behavioral sleep medicine training in the field of school psychology. The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the current prevalence of behavioral sleep medicine training in school psychology graduate programs, including the prevalence of school psychologists who screen for sleep problems and assess or treat youth sleep disorders in the K-12 setting. Practicing school psychologists (n = 100) were recruited via state school psychology associations and school psychology graduate educators (n = 59; 29.4% response rate) were recruited via e-mail by the primary author. Those who self-selected to participate completed an online survey via Qualtrics. Findings show that 8.5% of surveyed graduate programs offer formal training in behavioral sleep medicine with 80% of surveyed school psychologists never receiving any classroom instruction in behavioral sleep medicine. Additionally, 77% of school psychologists reported never screening for sleep disorders, 79% reported not assessing for sleep disorders during special education evaluations, and 88% reported not treating sleep disorders in the school setting. The majority of school psychologists reported absent or minimal knowledge about how to assess or treat sleep disorders. Findings suggest minimal training in, and practice of, behavioral sleep medicine in the field of school psychology. Opportunities for greater integration are discussed. PubDate: 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40688-021-00355-8
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