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Active Learning in Higher Education
Journal Prestige (SJR): 1.397  Citation Impact (citeScore): 2 Number of Followers: 224  Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)ISSN (Print) 1469-7874 - ISSN (Online) 1741-2625 Published by Sage Publications  [1176 journals]
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- Making steps towards improved fairness in group work assessment: The role
of students’ self- and peer-assessment-
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Authors: Georgeta Ion, Anna Díaz-Vicario, Cristina Mercader
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
Group work benefits student learning in many ways, but group work assessment may be challenging for academics and sometimes is perceived as less fair than individually set assessment tasks. Peer assessment (PA) and self assessment (SA) represents a possible approach supporting lecturers and students to better differentiate individual contributions to group-based assignments. In this study, we explore the students’ perception of SA and PA as strategies to facilitate the assessment of the process of group work and to contribute to increasing the sense of fairness in assessment. With these aims, we designed a study of an assessment practice in which students were involved as partners in the assessment and grading process of a group project assignment. At the end of the course, and when the SA and PA experience concluded, we administered a survey. The findings show that (1) including SA and PA strategies in student tasks enhances the students’ perceived sense of fairness in the assessment process, (2) the specifics of the instructional design do not have a significant effect on student perceptions of this form of assessment, and (3) sociodemographic factors such as the academic year, the degree major and the age of the students have a moderate effect. We conclude that SA and PA improve the sense of democracy of the assessment process, as this is not only in the teachers’ hands but also shared and agreed upon within the group.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2023-02-18T06:32:06Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874231154826
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- The impact of formation and diversity on student team conflict
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Authors: Diana Maguire, Yavuz Keceli
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
Instructors of college level business courses utilize group assignments to stress the importance of collaborative work in professional organizations for students. How instructors determine team formation, whether assigning students to groups or allowing students to form their own groups, could impact the effectiveness of the group regarding their cohesiveness, conflict, or social loafing. Best practices suggest that instructors strategically assign students to teams to maximize the diversity of the members. However, could the diversity of group members contribute to conflict amongst members' Could the formation method contribute to the members’ functioning as a team or group' The research questions in the study are: To what degree does team formation method impact (1) members’ conflict; (2) members’ cohesiveness; (3) members’ social loafing; and (4) members’ functioning as a team or group' Over 2 years, simultaneous sections of the same management course utilized different team formation procedures. Each year in one section, the instructor designed teams to maximize diversity of members. In the other course section, students freely formed their own teams. The findings suggest that instructor-designed diverse teams did not increase member conflict. Also, student-selected teams did not improve team cohesiveness. However, instructor-designed diverse teams did impact social loafing and the members’ functioning as a team.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2023-01-12T07:04:44Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221144998
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- Why do student perceptions of academic performance improve' The
influence of acquired competences and formative assessment in a flipped
classroom environment-
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Authors: Mª. Carmen Ruiz-Jiménez, Ana Licerán-Gutiérrez, Rocío Martínez-Jiménez
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
The university system must be able to respond to the growing demand for graduates with certain skills that guarantee their employability. A key requirement of this goal is the use of different teaching-learning methods, such as the flipped classroom methodology. However, although some studies have shown the advantages of this model, more research is needed to identify the reasons for these positive effects and the contexts in which it works best. In this paper, we analyse the perceptions of students of six undergraduate subjects at the University of Jaén (Spain) concerning their acquired competences and the formative assessment received in a flipped classroom environment. In addition, we analyse whether these two variables influence these student perceptions of achieving better academic outcomes. The results show that both aspects explain student perceptions of better performance and are key elements in the provision of a better learning environment. In this way, these results contribute to the literature concerning the positive effects of a flipped classroom on the teaching-learning process in higher education.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-11-15T10:31:23Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221133459
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- The impact of feedback mode on learning gain and self-efficacy: A
quasi-experimental study-
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Authors: Christine Johannes, Astrid Haase
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
Initiating effective feedback processes is a major goal in university teaching. However, systematic investigations of structural feedback elements making instructor feedback economic, concise, motivating and beneficial for learning are still scarce. In our study, we compare two feedback modes with respect to learning gains and changes in self-efficacy in a quasi-experimental pre-post design. Participants (N = 75 first-year students) received either scoresheet or textual instructor feedback on four individual assignments during a seminar. Outcome variables were knowledge gain, change in self-efficacy and changes in metacognitive monitoring. After the semester, we observed substantial knowledge gains for both feedback groups with only small advantages for scoresheet feedback. In contrast, self-efficacy was relatively stable across the semester and was not influenced by feedback mode. Achievement motivation measures normative ability and challenge-mastery goal orientation did not moderate the observed relationships but influenced knowledge gain and change in self-efficacy directly. Changes in metacognitive monitoring did not depend on feedback mode. Taken together, our data suggest that scoresheet and textual feedback conveying identical feedback content have comparable effects on achievement and self-evaluation measures. For university settings, scoresheets can be recommended as parsimonious feedback tools.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-11-15T10:28:24Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221131970
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- Conceptualizations of active learning in departments engaged in
instructional change efforts-
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Authors: Molly Williams, Karina Uhing, Amy Bennett, Matthew Voigt, Rachel Funk, Wendy M Smith, Allan Donsig
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
Several academic departments have increased their use of active learning to address low student success rates. However, it is unclear whether those implementing active learning have a consistent conceptualization of it. Like other educational terms, the phrase “active learning” is in danger of becoming overused and misunderstood, which puts the utility of active learning into question. This study examines 115 conceptualizations of active learning across six institutions of higher education that are infusing more active learning into their mathematics courses. We use the four pillars of inquiry-based mathematics education as a basis for analyzing these conceptualizations and compare them in two ways: by stakeholder role and by institution. Our findings show that many participants conceptualize active learning as student engagement and activities other than lecture, yet there was limited focus on the role of the teacher and content. Only eight participants mentioned issues of equity. Comparison within individual institutions shows that faculty within departments may hold common understandings of active learning. Implications of these findings include a need to develop an understanding of active learning that attends to all four pillars and is shared across departments, institutions, and disciplines.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-11-09T11:55:00Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221131300
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- The impact of course format on student perceptions of the classroom
learning environment and teamwork-
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Authors: Shayna A Minosky, Michael Wiechers, Leonardo Landaverde-Umana
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
Traditionally, education has been largely delivered in an in-person format; however, an increasing number of courses are being delivered entirely online or with a blend of online and in-person components. These formats differ along various dimensions, such as the quantity and quality of interpersonal interactions and connections, which will likely lead to different student experiences. Using a sample of 200 undergraduate student responses from an online survey, we compared five different course formats (in-person, synchronous online, asynchronous online, blended with alternating weeks and blended exam only) on students’ perceptions of various elements of their learning environment, including teaching presence, cognitive presence, social presence, sense of community and teamwork. A between groups ANOVA demonstrated significant differences for seven of the eight variables examined. In each case, the in-person format was rated the most positively and the blended exam only format tended to receive the poorest ratings. Overall, our results suggest that live interaction among students, and between students and instructors, whether it is from an in-person format or a blended alternating format, appears to be linked to more positive perceptions of the social learning environment.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-10-27T11:19:36Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221128023
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- University-based sport and social clubs and their contribution to the
development of graduate attributes-
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Authors: Carmel Foley, Simon Darcy, Anja Hergesell, Barbara Almond, Matthew McDonald, Elizabeth Brett
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
An important measure of the success of a tertiary education programme is the attributes that graduates possess at the completion of their studies. Universities have sought to address this issue by developing formal curriculum and programmes such as internships and work-integrated learning. However, little is known about how university-based extracurricular activities contribute to graduate attributes. The purpose of this study is to explore participation in extracurricular activities from a student perspective. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 student leaders of university-based sporting, social and academic clubs. Data collection and analysis were guided by a qualitative approach to thematic analysis. The findings indicate that students developed a range of graduate attributes in areas such as such as leadership, teamwork, communication and resilience. The theory, communities of practice, is used to interpret the participants’ experiences which was found to coalesce around their social interactions and relations. The study concludes with several recommendations for universities to create greater opportunities for their students to participate in extracurricular activities.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-10-27T11:16:54Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221127692
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- ‘A sense of community and camaraderie’: Increasing student engagement
by supplementing an LMS with a Learning Commons Communication Tool-
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Authors: Ella R Kahu, Heather G Thomas, Eva Heinrich
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
Whether by choice or pushed online by Covid, higher education is increasingly happening in digital spaces with digital tools forming a critical part of learning and teaching contexts. While reviews suggest such tools positively influence student engagement, research tends to be generic and more is needed to understand how and why specific tools can influence student engagement, learning, and success. Relationships are a key influence on student engagement and online students often feel disconnected and isolated; tools which increase interaction and communication with staff and among students are therefore important. This qualitative study examined how two specific tools, Discord and Teams, work in conjunction with an LMS to benefit student engagement and learning. Nineteen students were interviewed, and the data thematically analysed. Findings show the tools facilitated communication, helped build relationships and communities, encouraged help-seeking within the course and, with Discord, with the wider disciplinary community. These usages led to improved belonging, wellbeing, engagement, and learning. The perceived norms of the digital spaces were an important influence on student tool usage. A key contribution of this research is defining a new tool categorisation, Learning Commons Communication Tools (LCCT), which better describes the informal and organic spaces created by such tools.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-10-27T11:14:18Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221127691
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- The combination of segmentation and self-explanation to enhance
video-based learning-
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Authors: Hua Zheng, Robert Maribe Branch, Lu Ding, Dongho Kim, Eulho Jung, Zhenqiu Lu, Tong Li, Zilong Pan, Meehyun Yoon
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
This study examined the effects of an integrated approach that combines segmentation and self-explanation designs on learner achievement for meaningful video-based learning. This was a pretest-posttest research design with a sample size of 121 participants randomly assigned to one of four different types of video instructions (continuous, segmentation, self-explanation, or the combination of segmentation and self-explanation). Participants engaged in video instruction that used either a continuous video or segmented video clips and incorporated either self-explanation prompts or no self-explanation prompts. The results showed that participants in the combination and segmentation conditions outperformed those in the continuous condition in evaluation ability, and participants in the combination condition outperformed those in the continuous condition in the overall performance after controlling for prior knowledge. The current study indicates that the combined design can effectively facilitate student learning by engaging them in meaningful video-based learning.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-10-19T10:06:03Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221126920
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- Faculty course evaluations and class size
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Authors: Christine Fisher, Phu Vu, Philip Lai
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
Instructor performance plays a critical role in fostering student learning. Unlike the postsecondary level, many states in the United States, have substantially regulated class size in the p-12 education system with the aim of enhancing quality learning. Thus, the purpose of this research paper is to examine the correlation between instructor evaluations and class size in tertiary institutions as the findings can inform regulatory decisions regarding class sizes in postsecondary facilities. The study reviewed 97-course evaluations garnered in the Fall of 2019 from a Midwest University. The feedback of students, undertaking physical, and virtual classes, was considered regarding teachers’ performance. Different course evaluations included in the study were adjunct faculty, full-time faculty, graduate level, and undergraduate level course assessments. The research findings depicted a negative correlation between class size and instructor evaluation, positing that teachers teach the same way in smaller classes as they do in larger classes. Nonetheless, the study results showed that the sizes of conventional virtual classes had a lower correlation with course performances compared to traditional face-to-face classes. In the latter, there was more engagement between teachers and students, as the latter appeared to be more active than in online classes. With the technological effect that Covid-19 has brought forth in online learning, population sizes of online classes have changed. Therefore, considering the data used for the research was collected preCovid-19, it is essential that future studies pay considerable focus on the quality of evaluation of virtual classes to help with directing of school budget allocations toward online learning.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-10-13T10:51:19Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221126739
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- Asking students about their fit with the university: A response surface
analysis of demands-abilities fit-
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Authors: Carla Bohndick, Jonas Breetzke, Tom Rosman
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
Perceived fit of students is one of the most prominent predictors of study success in higher education, but when assessed directly, it provides lots of room for interpretation for the respondents. This is also true for perceived demands-abilities fit (e.g. how do one’s abilities fit with study demands), which has particularly high associations with study success. We, therefore, investigated (1) how students combine demands and abilities when asked about their perceived demands-abilities fit and (2) which demands and abilities they have in mind when asked about their perceptions of fit in an unspecific manner. We obtained data on the perceived fit of N = 595 university students from four German-speaking countries and analyzed them using response surface analysis. The results indicate that (1) perceived demands-abilities fit does not correspond to the congruence of perceived demands and perceived abilities when the latter two are measured separately, but rather reflects a strong linear effect of the abilities. Furthermore, they show that (2) the specific demands and abilities do not influence the way how demands and abilities are combined to a fit score, but that there are differences in the amount of explained variance between the specific demands and abilities. The results speak for a new interpretation of prior findings and challenge the contemporary understanding of perceived fit. For example, perceived fit and self-efficacy might be more closely associated than previously assumed. When striving to enhance perceived fit, practitioners should thus focus on fostering individual abilities and their perceptions.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-10-12T06:34:48Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221124306
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- Reducing free-riding in group projects in line with students’
preferences: Does it matter if there is more at stake'-
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Authors: Tim M Benning
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
Reducing free-riding is an important challenge for educators who use group projects. In this study, we measure students’ preferences for group project characteristics and investigate if characteristics that better help to reduce free-riding become more important for students when stakes increase. We used a discrete choice experiment based on 12 choice tasks in which students chose between two group projects that differed on five characteristics of which each level had its own effect on free-riding. A different group project grade weight was presented before each choice task to manipulate how much there was at stake for students in the group project. Data of 257 student respondents were used in the analysis. Based on random parameter logit model estimates we find that students prefer (in order of importance) assignment based on schedule availability and motivation or self-selection (instead of random assignment), the use of one or two peer process evaluations (instead of zero), a small team size of three or two students (instead of four), a common grade (instead of a divided grade), and a discussion with the course coordinator without a sanction as a method to handle free-riding (instead of member expulsion). Furthermore, we find that the characteristic team formation approach becomes even more important (especially self-selection) when student stakes increase. Educators can use our findings to design group projects that better help to reduce free-riding by (1) avoiding random assignment as team formation approach, (2) using (one or two) peer process evaluations, and (3) creating small(er) teams.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-09-16T09:07:46Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221118864
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- Let’s do this together: Do the quantity and the quality of collaborative
learning predict achievement among college students'-
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Authors: Ella Anghel
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
Collaborative learning (CL) is a common teaching strategy in colleges that involves actively working in groups to achieve a goal. Several studies and theories endorse it as contributing to students’ achievement, motivation, and higher-order thinking skills. However, these studies are inconsistent in the way they define and operationalize CL. For example, they do not separate the quantity and the quality of CL, nor do they distinguish between course-specific and general attitudes toward CL. The study suggests that researchers should define CL more precisely, and demonstrates this approach using a case study (N = 38). This study examines whether the quality and quantity of group work predicted course achievement after controlling for prior achievement, individual-level motivation, and social ties among students. Quality of CL was operationalized as positive attitudes toward CL in the current course and in general, and quantity of CL was operationalized as the frequency of interactions among group members. Social ties were measured using Social Network Analysis (SNA) which allows researchers to identify the number and strength of connections among students. Findings suggest that positive attitudes toward CL in the current course predicted higher achievement levels, but the frequency of interactions and positive attitudes toward CL in general were associated with lower achievement levels. That is, in the current context, course-specific quality of CL was positively associated with achievement, but other ways of operationalizing CL were not, and in fact had negative relationships with achievement. The study also demonstrates the use of SNA when exploring students’ relationships; it shows that they were associated with course performance but that this association diminished after controlling for students’ attitudes. Overall, it is recommended that researchers clarify what they intend to measure when exploring CL, as this can have an important impact on findings.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-08-27T09:00:04Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221120783
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- Team satisfaction, identity, and trust: a comparison of face-to-face and
virtual student teams-
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Authors: Clifton O Mayfield, Alix Valenti
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
Our study explores the differences in the experiences and attitudes of students assigned to student teams in online courses versus face-to-face courses. The study was administered to 320 students in 14 sections (eight online and six face-to-face) of a graduate-level course. The results demonstrate that student ratings of team trust, team satisfaction, and team identity as assessed mid-semester are lower in online courses than face-to-face courses. As the semester progressed, these course modality differences in student perceptions of team trust and satisfaction diminished. However, feelings of team identity remained lower in online courses than in face-to-face courses through to the end of the semester. Implications for online instruction and recommendations for future research are offered.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-08-24T04:44:11Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221118861
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- Separated by spaces: Undergraduate students re-sort along attitude divides
when choosing whether to learn in spaces designed for active learning-
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Authors: Michael C. Ralph, Blair Schneider, David R Benson, Douglas Ward
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
Institutions of higher education are seeking to support more active learning among faculty, and that support includes the creation of active learning spaces to support more student-centered course activities. However, incremental development of these learning spaces leads to a sorting of students between active and passive learning environments. This study collected repeat-measure data from undergraduate students enrolled in a two-semester course sequence to evaluate factors affecting student enrollment decisions and student attitudes toward learning. We integrated this combination of research tools using a QuantCrit analytic framework, which revealed student attitudes and decision-making processes that were generally stable over the study period for individuals, but very different when examining student enrollment groups over time. Limited access to active learning classrooms forced students to self-sort based on either their social networks or their attitudes toward learning. That, in turn, may create a marginalizing force that pushes out some students—most often women—from undergraduate programs.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-08-22T10:53:04Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221118866
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- Reading racism-themed YAL through the lens of intersectionality:
Complicating social justice thinking-
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Authors: Soo Bin Jang
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
I discuss White American students’ experiences of reading racism-themed young adult literature (YAL), addressing the issue of police brutality, and using the concept of intersectionality to promote social justice awareness. Based on analysis of their written reflections and classroom discussions, I argue reading racism-themed YAL with an intersectionality lens helped White American students complicate their understanding of the struggles and the resistance of youths of color at the present time. I share my instructional strategy for helping White students identify, analyze, and critique the work of power upon American youths.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-07-25T05:39:57Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221112951
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- Learning problem solving to manage school-life challenges: The impact on
student success in college-
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Authors: Adam Burke, Susan Stewart
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
Colleges and universities have implemented a broad range of initiatives to support student success. Problem solving courses and course supplements are one approach. Evaluation of these courses has shown positive outcomes in terms of improved academic performance and other benefits. A number of these studies have also reported the largest positive effects with underperforming student groups. To further explore this approach a novel general education academic success course was developed. The course integrated a comprehensive problem-solving model into lectures and assignments as the basis of an active learning instructional strategy. Students were taught the model along with relevant academic skills content. They then applied the model to a personal challenge affecting their success in school and life. Using a matched cohort design, 826 course participants were compared with a campus-wide sample matched on key variables. Generalized linear models were used to estimate between group mean differences, and a Cox proportional hazards model was used to compare time to graduation. Results showed that students who successfully completed the course achieved higher cumulative GPAs overall compared with matched peers. Highest GPAs for students who took the course as freshmen suggested a transfer of knowledge over time. Results also showed that the course significantly benefited students from historically at-risk populations in terms of higher GPAs, units earned, retention, and graduation rates. This study shows that a well designed problem solving course can help students, especially those who struggle academically, to more effectively meet the challenges of college and daily life.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-07-25T05:36:14Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221112879
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- Use of interactive storytelling trailers to engage students in an online
learning environment-
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Authors: Forrest Hisey, Tingting Zhu, Yuhong He
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
Lack of student engagement in online learning is reported as the major challenge contributing to poor academic performance and completion rates. When transforming an in-person undergraduate remote sensing course to online, this study implemented interactive storytelling lecture trailers (ISLTs) as a tool to effect changes in the realms of behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and student-instructor engagement. We collected survey data to examine students’ own perception of how ISLTs impacted their online learning, and analyzed students’ course participation and performance on tests. Results indicated that ISLTs enhanced some aspects of students’ behavioral engagement such as page views, effectively engaged students’ emotions when viewing ISLTs, and improved student-instructor engagement. Regarding cognitive engagement, ISLTs were able to improve short-term learning skills like remembering and applying levels of thinking. A majority of students recognized that ISLTs enhanced their learning experience and made learning more accessible, while a few considered them burdensome and overwhelming. However, there was no clear evidence indicating that ISLTs enhanced participation or promoted students’ emotional engagement in the follow-up lectures. Further, the improvement of student-instructor engagement we observed through quantitative data analysis lacked representative qualitative support. In summary, this study demonstrates the utility of ISLTs as an online learning engagement tool for stimulating students’ interest and improving their performance in lower levels of cognitive thinking. Further work is required to explore ways to further enhance students’ participation and emotional engagement throughout the semester and confirm the usefulness of ISLTs for student-instructor engagement.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-06-29T07:07:49Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221107574
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- Supporting students’ active learning with a computer based tool
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Authors: Dana Opre, Camelia Șerban, Andreea Veșcan, Romiță Iucu
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
In recent years, the use of information technology to promote active learning in higher education has raised great interest. Teachers are continuously challenged to identify new research-informed approaches and educational practices for supporting students to actively learn and apply their knowledge. The present study tests the effects on students’ learning outcomes of an ad hoc developed learning tool (QLearn) which integrates three active learning strategies, previously empirically validated in face-to-face educational contexts. By using the QLearn software, students can generate questions, explain and develop answers, receive feedback from teacher and test their knowledge. Using a quasi-experimental design, we analyzed whether, in various course settings and instructional contexts, the students who use QLearn, as a support in their learning process, demonstrate a different learning performance compared to students who learn the same content by using their preferred learning strategies. The interventions were offered on a voluntary basis and implied participants from different fields (computer science, psychology) and different study levels (undergraduate and master’s level). The results showed that some groups of our participants significantly benefits from the use of QLearn platform. The outcomes of the present research advanced our understanding of the efficiency of technology-sustained learning in educational contexts and offer a promising strategy for facilitating the active involvement of students in the learning process.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-06-03T12:35:04Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221100465
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- “If we can do it, anyone can!”: Evaluating a virtual “Paper Chase”
collaborative writing model for rapid research dissemination-
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Authors: Alicia A Dahl, Jessamyn Bowling, Lisa M Krinner, Candace S Brown, George Shaw, Janaka B Lewis, Trudy Moore-Harrison, Sandra M Clinton, Scott R Gartlan
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
The Paper Chase model is a synchronous collaborative approach to manuscript development. Through a structured and team-based design, authors participate in a “marathon” of writing, editing, revising, and submitting their publications within a specified period. This active-learning approach is considered a high-impact practice by engaging students in research dissemination through a collaborative project. This study sought to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a virtual Paper Chase exercise. We conducted the Paper Chase with six teams led by multidisciplinary faculty (with 24 undergraduate students and four graduate students). All participants were given pre-and post-surveys, with both open- and closed-ended questions. Results indicated that the process increased cooperative and problem-solving components of group work attitudes, increased participants’ confidence in writing skills, increased understanding of research processes and that participants appreciated putting their skills immediately into practice. Participants identified strengths as well as opportunities for improvement in online modules and facilitation. The process was effective in that half of the manuscripts were submitted to peer-reviewed outlets within 90 days of the event. The positive evidence for learning in the virtual Paper Chase model supports future applications and may strengthen the involvement of students in research dissemination. Additional research may expand upon the findings by assessing group work dynamics, quality of final products, and conducting the process in a hybrid model.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-06-03T12:28:42Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221099011
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- Using cross-course peer grading with content expertise, anonymity, and
perceived justice-
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Authors: Brian A. Vander Schee, Tony Stovall, Demetra Andrews
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
Online instruction has helped colleges and universities to adjust to budget constraints, limited resources, and student preferences. One way for instructors to adapt to these new expectations is to gain efficiency in larger classes by using team-based assignments and peer grading. Although online peer grading has been used for some time, concerns with this approach include interpersonal pressures, competency, and fairness. These challenges may be overcome with cross-course peer grading. The purpose of the study was to assess the perceived effectiveness and perceived justice of having senior student teams in a capstone course anonymously grade written assignments submitted by novice student teams in an introductory course in the same discipline. The study took place using two sections of an online introductory course (n = 159) and two sections of an online capstone course (n = 75) at the same university using a case analysis assignment. No significant differences were found in instructor and peer-assigned grades. The results of this study show that senior students benefited by increasing their assessment confidence. Students who had their submissions graded experienced distributive and procedural justice. Therefore, instructors can more confidently utilize cross-course peer grading knowing there are educational benefits for both those doing the grading and those whose work is graded.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-05-13T10:58:05Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221096751
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- Refining active learning design principles through design-based research
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Authors: Christiane Reilly, Thomas C Reeves
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
This design-based research (DBR) study had both local and general goals. Its local goal was to increase active learning in the online courses offered at a large research university in the midwestern United States. Its larger goal was to define active learning design principles for online courses in general, so that they might be used to improve the learning experience for wider audiences. While the principles of active learning can be applied to courses in any mode of delivery: flipped classroom, blended, or fully online, the importance of active learning in online courses is highlighted because active learning course design requires numerous upfront considerations. Moreover, because the pedagogical model is structured throughout the online learning environment and thus is made visible, online courses present a unique opportunity to review what is core to the principles of active learning. The design intervention (an innovative course review method) incorporated the principles of authentic e-learning. The study addressed two major research questions: (1) “To what extent does the intervention—a new course review method—indicate the extent to which active learning is present in the design of an online course'” and (2) “How do the principles of authentic e-learning incorporated in the new course review method need to be refined'” To address the first question, the online course review intervention was used to evaluate the learning activities and assessments of 75 undergraduate online courses against these authentic e-learning principles, resulting in an active learning (AL) score for each course. To address the second question, we surveyed the learners in these 75 courses about what made learning meaningful and coded the learners’ feedback in reference to the active learning design principles. The practical outcome of this DBR study is a pedagogical course review that quantifies active learning in online courses. The theoretical outcomes of this DBR study are refined active learning design principles that can serve instructors, designers, teacher educators, and administrators in enhancing the design of online courses. The findings of this study affirm that the authentic task principles as well as newly identified learner-centered design principles together can serve as evidence-based principles to define and refine active learning in online courses.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-05-12T09:39:00Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221096140
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- Going small, going carefully, with a friend: Helping faculty adopt
lesson-level constructive alignment through non-evaluative peer
observation-
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Authors: Glory Tobiason
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
Constructive Alignment (CA) is a pedagogical tool for designing student-centered instruction aligned to learning outcomes. Despite strong evidence that CA and student-centered instruction are superior to lecture-based pedagogy, the latter remains prevalent across higher education. This descriptive-explanatory case study (n=20) investigates how programs of reciprocal, non-evaluative peer observation can help faculty understand and use CA at the lesson level. Analysis of exit interviews and faculty-faculty dialogue reveals that participants are able to apply principles of CA at the lesson level; most report this is new learning. Two program features that support this learning are described.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-05-09T08:30:49Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221092977
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- “It made me feel like it was okay to be wrong”: Student
experiences with ungrading-
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Authors: Tim Gorichanaz
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
This paper presents an interpretative phenomenological analysis study of students’ experiences with ungrading in the form of reflection-based self-evaluation in a college course. In the landscape of student evaluation, ungrading strategies respond to the limitations of traditional grading systems, particularly with respect to cultivating in-demand skills and capacities, such as adaptability, creative thinking, and self-management. Through in-depth interviews with eight students, this study reports on four experiential themes that characterize the switch to ungrading: de-gamification, or unsettling the “gamified” nature of evaluation in the traditional grading system; time to think and reflect, creating space for review and the deepening of learning; rich communication, or continual feedback between teacher and student; and learning community, in which students felt like they were part of a team effort rather than siloed individuals. Considerations for further research, as well as implementation of ungrading in other courses, are discussed.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-05-09T01:27:56Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221093640
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- Performance reviews as an active method to improve feedback and
performance-
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Authors: Rebecca A Bull Schaefer, Lily K Copeland
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
This paper responds to calls from teacher-student feedback research looking for options on how to improve student performance. In Study 1, we first observe the relationship between student conscientiousness, midterm-performance, feedback-seeking behaviors, and final semester grades. Second, in Study 2, we test whether using an active learning method helps students improve grades regardless of their individual differences. Specifically, we test how the implementation of a face-to-face instructor-student performance review at midterm can be beneficial for performance improvement by allowing students who would otherwise not seek additional feedback or clarity to discuss performance completely. Structural equation modeling and mean difference tests are used to test empirical relationships between personality, behavior, and performance. Comparisons between groups that did and did not include a midterm review supports the hypothesis that interactive mid-term performance reviews improve class grades. Regression analysis supports that performance reviews improve grades even after controlling for individual differences. This active learning technique has both immediate and long-term benefits. In addition to grade improvement, mid-term reviews allow students to experience how to conduct professional performance reviews and receive and use feedback more effectively. The discussion offers simple advice on how midterm reviews can occur even within remote classes.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-04-29T02:49:48Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221091898
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- The educator’s experience of using flipped classrooms in a higher
education setting-
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Authors: Michèle Verdonck, Hattie Wright, Anita Hamilton, Jane Taylor
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
Although there is growing evidence that the flipped classroom approach (FCA) positively impacts the student learning experience and outcomes, much less is known about the educator’s experience. This study aimed to explore how educators across several disciplines in a regional Australian University describe their experience of using the FCA. Qualitative description methodology guided the research whereby individual face-to-face semi-structured interviews collected qualitative data from educators who had used the FCA in the previous 4 years which was then analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Eleven educators across seven disciplines were recruited, eight of whom had fully and three partially flipped a course. Four broad themes described the educator’s experience of the FCA namely, the environmental influence, preparation and implementation, emotional response and metacognition. There were 20 sub-themes across the four themes. Educators in this study were both ambivalent and internally motivated by the FCA, valued scholarly and institutional support, highlighted the importance of reflexive teaching practice and appreciated the affordance of more active learning opportunities in class. The human aspect of competing emotions was clear when implementing the FCA. Educators need to prepare themselves for the emotional investment that accompanies the FCA, to be responsive and adaptive in what and how content is delivered. Institutions should provide adequate support to cater for both the well-being of educators as well as the practicalities of implementing the FCA.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-04-28T12:59:19Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221091596
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- The casual within the formal: A model and measure of informal learning in
higher education-
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Authors: Julian Decius, Janika Dannowsky, Niclas Schaper
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
Research and practice have recognized the importance of informal learning—a specific type of active learning—for higher education contexts. University students learn not only in formally organized courses, but also in a self-directed and intentional way from fellow students, through trial and error, and by reflection. However, there has been a lack of valid measures to operationalize students’ informal learning. In this study, we thus develop the Informal Student Learning (ISL) scale for higher education, building on the Octagon Model of Informal Workplace Learning and the model’s associated measure from the vocational learning context. Our scale contains eight components with three items each. Using three samples of university students (N = 545, N = 818, N = 310), we examined the model structure of ISL and the scale’s validity in an international context. The results show that the conceptual structure of informal workplace learning and informal student learning is similar for intent to learn and reflection, but different for experience/action and feedback. Examining validity, we found evidence for concurrent validity in terms of study-related self-efficacy and academic performance, and for convergent and discriminant validity indicators of the eight ISL components. The scale has configural and metric measurement invariance for age, gender, and academic achievement, and additionally scalar invariance for age. Potential applications of the new measure in the context of active learning for research, for lecturers, and for students are discussed.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-04-27T12:16:47Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221087427
-
- Paper versus online quizzes: Which is more effective'
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Authors: Nese Sevim-Cirak, Omer Faruk Islim
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
Today, as more and more people enroll to higher education, educational authorities, and institutions continually need to update their curricula and to find alternative and innovative ways to support the active participation of learners. Student Response Systems (SRSs) have become one of the most common tools used in today’s classrooms. Along with the development of technology, several online tools were provided to a sample of teachers in order to conduct an assessment within the classroom environment as an alternative to classic SRSs. “Kahoot!” is one such tool used within the educational setting. The purpose of this study was to reveal the effects of using Kahoot! on preservice teachers’ academic achievement, as well as on their retention when Kahoot! was used as a formative assessment tool. This quasi-experimental study was conducted with 91 preservice teachers during the fall semester of the 2019–2020 academic year. Data were collected via three quizzes, a midterm exam, and a retention test. The study’s results indicate that the students who were applied paper-based quizzes had higher exam and retention test scores.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-03-19T06:37:36Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221079737
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- Comparing the use of flipped classroom in combination with problem-based
learning or with case-based learning for improving academic performance
and satisfaction-
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Authors: Bárbara Oliván-Blázquez, Alejandra Aguilar-Latorre, Santiago Gascón-Santos, Mª José Gómez-Poyato, Diana Valero-Errazu, Rosa Magallón-Botaya, Rachel Heah, Ana Porroche-Escudero
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
Active learning methodologies, such as flipped classroom (FC), generate a higher level of student engagement, greater dynamism in learning and more significant interactions with course content. Some other active methodologies used in the academic environment are problem-based learning (PBL) and case study (CS). There are few studies that analyse FC combined with PBL class activities or with course-based learning (CBL) activities, however, in fact, there are no studies that analyse which combination of activities would lead to better academic performance and student satisfaction. The main aim of this study is to comparate FC methodology, combined with PBL activities or with CBL activities, in improving the academic performance of undergraduate social work students. This work also intends to analyse the level of satisfaction with the course and the methodology used. A class level randomisation study was performed. Both groups in the study used an FC active methodology, but group 1 applied this methodology with PBL, whereas group 2 applied it in conjunction with a CBL methodology. The students also had to do activities at home that were related to the PBL or CS methodology. There were significant differences in both categorical and quantitative exam scores, with the group that had applied the FC + PBL methodology achieving a higher grade in the exam and containing a higher percentage of students who passed or received merit and outstanding grades. In general, there was a good level of satisfaction in both groups and there were no significant differences across all items asked, except for ‘It helps critical thinking’ and ‘It helps to apply theory to assessment’, which were evaluated more favourably by the FC + CBL students.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-03-17T04:23:03Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221081550
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- College student engagement in OER design projects: Impacts on attitudes,
motivation, and learning-
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Authors: Torrey Trust, Robert W Maloy, Sharon Edwards
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
Open educational resources (OER), which are teaching, learning, and research materials that are openly licensed, are growing in popularity in higher education. Previous studies have focused on faculty and student perceptions and use of OER. In this study, we examined how actively engaging students as curators and designers of OERs through project-based learning as part of an open educational practice shaped students’ attitudes, motivation, and learning. This paper presents post-course survey data collected from 69 undergraduate and graduate students from six different courses that featured OER design projects, including: (1) A digital media online course; (2) Online tools for teaching and learning website; (3) History/social studies wiki pages; (4) Campus resources film project; (5) Professional learning networks for educators online course; and (6) Teaching with technology eBook. Findings indicate that shifting students’ roles from consumers to curators and creators of OERs increased motivation, improved attitudes about learning, aided the achievement of course learning objectives, and supported the development of valuable skills for 21st century success.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-03-17T04:21:05Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221081454
-
- Comparing strategies for active participation of students in group
discussions-
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Authors: Ali Reza Rezaei
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
Providing an active learning environment and engaging students in classroom discussion could be quite challenging. This study used a quasi-experimental method to manipulate students’ incentives for participation in group discussion to investigate its impact on students’ learning outcomes. Two research methods courses taught over four years by the author were examined. Eighty samples of students’ online discussions were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed to assess the impact of four different strategies on quantity, quality, and outcome of students’ group discussions. The results showed significant differences in all aspects. The implications of the results for teachers who plan to use group discussion in their courses are discussed and suggestions for future research are offered.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-02-22T10:06:12Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221075719
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- The case for case studies: Dialogic engagement and case study creation in
a higher education classroom-
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Authors: V. Thandi Sulé, Abigail Sachs, Courtney Mansor, Rachel V Smydra
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
As engagement and work with diverse others has grown increasingly important in the world, many educators have committed to enhancing students’ ability to address complex equity-based issues in their profession and everyday lives. Although there is growing literature on the value of using case studies and small group dialog, very little exists on dialogic, cooperative case study creation. Using critical pedagogy and constructivism as the epistemic lenses, this study qualitatively examines how students gauge their learning in a course focusing on knowledge development through dialog and cooperative case study creation. Findings indicate that the experiential and collaborative nature of the course fostered learning that has implications for engagement with diverse others and with dealing with equity-based issues. The study adds to knowledge about the functionality of case studies, particularly student-created case studies.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-02-07T09:51:13Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874221075297
-
- Fostering university students’ learning performance using the
one-take video approach-
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Authors: Julian Börger, Markus Spilles, Johanna Krull, Tobias Hagen, Thomas Hennemann
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
Various studies have shown that video-based learning by explaining to a fictitious audience can be an effective learning strategy for promoting multiple knowledge domains such as memory, comprehension and knowledge transfer. However, field studies testing the effectiveness of this learning strategy in an applied setting are rare. The present study examines the effectiveness of the one-take video (OTV) approach on undergraduate students’ learning performance. The OTV method involves users recording short oral presentations without any editing and with the support of handwritten visualisations (video-based learning by explaining). To test the learning outcomes, 218 undergraduate teaching students for special educational needs were randomly assigned to two test groups (OTV and explaining in writing). After that, they completed three study tasks throughout the semester, each followed by immediate and delayed knowledge tests. The results for the OTV group show that students achieved significantly better results in the immediate memory test the more handwritten visualisations they used, but not the more often they repeated the video recordings. Analyses of variance revealed that the OTV group outperformed the writing group in terms of memory performance in the immediate test but not in the delayed posttest. The OTV group also significantly outperformed the writing group in both posttests in the transfer domain. No significant differences were found in the comprehension test scores.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-01-31T07:56:19Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874211069524
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- Reflection on peer reviewing as a pedagogical tool in higher education
-
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Authors: Karin Väyrynen, Sonja Lutovac, Raimo Kaasila
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
Previous research has emphasized both the importance of giving and receiving peer feedback for the purpose of active learning, as well as of university students’ engagement in reflection to improve learning outcomes. However, requiring students to explicitly reflect on peer reviewing is an understudied learning activity in higher education that may contribute to the utilization of peer-feedback and promote further learning. In this study, we suggest reflection on peer reviewing as one approach to providing a platform for students to engage in reflective practices and for stimulating active learning in higher education, and to make that learning visible to the educator. We examine 26 undergraduate students’ reflections on peer-review to identify categories of reflection and what students have learnt from the peer reviewing process. Our findings reveal six different categories of reflection suggesting students’ active engagement in learning and pointing to the ways educators can direct and instruct students how to reflect. We discuss how these findings can inform university lecturers in the use of reflection upon peer reviewing as a pedagogical tool in higher education.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-01-13T08:42:09Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874211073045
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- Science to practice: Does gamification enhance intrinsic motivation'
-
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Authors: Matthew Jones, Jedediah E Blanton, Rachel E Williams
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
Self-determination theory (SDT) has empirical support in understanding and enhancing motivation in a variety of contexts, including education settings. Niemac and Ryan have highlighted that using SDT in course design can lead to stronger fulfilment of an internal locus of causality regarding course work. One course design method anchored in SDT is gameful learning—structuring tasks that support intrinsic motivation, primarily increasing autonomy over learning. A gamified classroom (GC) may offer more assignments and points than minimally necessary for students to earn a passing mark, allowing students choice in which projects to pursue. Further research is needed to examine the degree to which students’ motivations differ between a GC and a non-gamified classroom (NGC). The purpose of the current study was to determine if students in a GC were more intrinsically motivated than students in NGC. Students were enrolled in an undergraduate kinesiology course using a GC design (n = 24) or NGC design (n = 26) and completed an online survey – derived from the intrinsic motivation inventory and the test anxiety questionnaire—at the beginning and end of the semester. In the GC, students started with zero points, and were offered multiple assignments with scaffolded difficulty to reach their desired grade. The NGC used a traditional 100% grade range, with only required assignments and exams, and students lost points for inadequate or inaccurate responses. Following analyses, it was revealed that students in the GC had higher perceptions of autonomy and competence than students in the NGC. Where these differences exist over time, along with differences in other subscales, will be discussed further. Educators seeking to enhance student motivation and engagement may therefore look to gamification as an appropriate methodology.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-01-11T08:59:32Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874211066882
-
- The creation of a nudging protocol to support online student engagement in
higher education-
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Authors: Alice Brown, Jill Lawrence, Marita Basson, Megan Axelsen, Petrea Redmond, Joanna Turner, Suzanne Maloney, Linda Galligan
Abstract: Active Learning in Higher Education, Ahead of Print.
Combining nudge theory with learning analytics, ‘nudge analytics’, is a relatively recent phenomenon in the educational context. Used, for example, to address such issues as concerns with student (dis)engagement, nudging students to take certain action or to change a behaviour towards active learning, can make a difference. However, knowing who to nudge, how to nudge or when to nudge can be a challenge. Providing students with strategic, sensitive nudges that help to move them forward is almost an art form. It requires not only technical skills to use appropriate software and interpret data, but careful consideration of what to say and how to say it. In this article a nudge protocol is presented that can be used in online courses to encourage student engagement with key course resources that are integral to supporting their learning.
Citation: Active Learning in Higher Education
PubDate: 2022-01-05T06:59:30Z
DOI: 10.1177/14697874211039077
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