 Subjects -> SOCIOLOGY (Total: 553 journals)
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- The Moderating Role of School Resources on the Relationship Between
Student Socioeconomic Status and Social-Emotional Skills: Empirical
Evidence from China-
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Abstract: Despite the importance of social-emotional skills on personal future quality-of-life, little is known about educational inequalities in social-emotional skills. To address the gap, the current study examines the relationship between student socioeconomic status and social-emotional skills and whether schools exacerbate or mitigate socioeconomic disparities in social-emotional skills. Using the OECD Survey on Social and Emotional Skills database of 7,246 Chinese students aged 10 and 15, we found that socioeconomic status positively influenced social-emotional skills and that school resources mitigated their relationship. Findings suggested that school resources could compensate for the adverse effects of low socioeconomic status on students’ social-emotional skills, supporting the resource substitution hypothesis. Practical implications and limitations were discussed.
PubDate: 2023-05-31
- Widening Digital Divide: Family Investment, Digital Learning, and
Educational Performance of Chinese High School Students During the
COVID-19 Pandemic School Closures-
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Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic and school closures highlighted the need for research examining the effects of socio-economic status and digital learning on educational performance. Based on a panel dataset from a Chinese high school during school closures in 2020, our study explored whether the digital divide widened during the pandemic. The results showed that digital learning significantly mediates the association of socio-economic status with educational performance. In contrast, the indirect effects of digital learning were not significant before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, these effects immediately became significant during school closures and remote education instruction during the pandemic. After the schools reopened, the indirect effects of digital learning declined or even disappeared. Our findings provide new evidence for a widening digital divide during the COVID-19 pandemic school closures.
PubDate: 2023-05-31
- Living Alone in the City: Differentials in Subjective Well-Being Among
Single Households 1995–2018-
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Abstract: Over the past decades, the number of single households is constantly rising in metropolitan regions. In addition, they became increasingly heterogeneous. In the media, individuals who live alone are sometimes still presented as deficient. Recent research, however, indicates a way more complex picture. Using the example of Vienna, this paper investigates the quality of life of different groups of single households in the city. Based on five waves of the Viennese Quality of Life Survey covering almost a quarter of a century (1995–2018), we analyse six domains of subjective well-being (satisfaction with the financial situation, the housing situation, the main activity, the family life, social contacts, and leisure time activities). Our analyses reveal that, in most domains, average satisfaction of single households has hardly changed over time. However, among those living alone satisfaction of senior people (60+) increased while satisfaction of younger people (below age 30) decreased. Increasing differences in satisfaction with main activity, housing, or financial situation reflect general societal developments on the Viennese labour and housing markets. The old clichéd images of the “young, reckless, happy single” and the “lonely, poor, dissatisfied senior single” reverse reality.
PubDate: 2023-05-27
- Fear of COVID-19 and Adverse Psychological Health Outcomes Among Chinese
Elderly: a Serial Mediation Model of Social Participation and Loneliness-
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Abstract: This cross-sectional study examined fear of COVID-19, social participation, loneliness, and adverse psychological health outcomes among Chinese older adults after the pandemic control measures were relaxed. We also tested the correlations among these variables and examined the serial-mediating effects of social participation and loneliness on the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and adverse psychological health outcomes. Participants were 508 Chinese elderly individuals (Mage = 70.53 ± 7.90 years; 56.5% women). We used Pearson correlation analyses and Hayes’ PROCESS macro analysis (Model 6). Respondents had a relatively higher level of fear of COVID-19 compared to the general population. Their levels of loneliness, anxiety, and depression were higher than those of Chinese older adults who were surveyed before the restriction policy changed in previous research. The correlations among fear of COVID-19, social participation, loneliness, and adverse psychological health outcomes were significant, supporting the serial-mediating effects of social participation and loneliness on the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and adverse psychological health outcomes. Attention should be paid to the mental health issues of Chinese older adults, and the impacts of fear of COVID-19 and social participation on their mental health should be emphasized. Future researchers should use random systematic sampling methods, conduct longitudinal tracking and perform intervention studies.
PubDate: 2023-05-27
- Differences in Multi-Dimensional Well-Being Among Factory Workers:
Evidence from Six Countries-
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Abstract: This paper presents cross-cultural comparisons of well-being among factory workers, as measured by the six well-being domains of happiness and life satisfaction, physical and mental health, meaning and purpose, character and virtue, close social relationships, and financial and material stability. Relative ranks of well-being domains across examined groups of workers are also compared. Results are based on survey data from factory workers in Cambodia, China, Mexico, Poland, Sri Lanka, and the United States. Average well-being scores are higher among factory workers in Mexico, China, and Cambodia than in the U.S., Poland, and Sri Lanka across all domains except financial and material stability. Close social relationships were the highest ranked domain in Cambodia and China but ranked much lower (5th) in the U.S. Meaning and purpose, as well as character and virtue were highly ranked across the board. Strong social relationships seem to thrive in contexts where financial insecurity is high.
PubDate: 2023-05-25
- Integration Effect on Rural Migrants’ Settlement Intention in Urban
China-
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Abstract: The integration experiences of migrants are intricately connected to their quality of life and influence their settlement decisions. This paper goes beyond the conventional research by investigating the distinct roles of integration dimensions and their interactions in determining settlement intention, using a sample of 12,252 migrants collected from eight districts/cities in China. It is revealed that economic integration, cultural adaptation, social engagement, and psychological identification positively influence settlement intention, but with different effects. Among these integration domains, social engagement and psychological identification play dominant roles, whereas cultural adaptation is the least influential. Furthermore, the level of cultural adaptation remains consistent for rural migrants regardless of their economic status or level of social engagement. Psychological identification mediates the relationship between economic integration/social engagement and settlement intention, resulting in two trajectories: “Economic integration → Psychological identification → Settlement intention” and “Social engagement → Psychological identification → Settlement intention”. These findings underscore the importance of fostering a migrant-friendly society to improve quality of life for rural migrants and promote their settlement intention, particularly within the context of China’s new-type urbanization.
PubDate: 2023-05-23
- The Recent Dangers for European Happiness: Is Homeostatic Resilience
Sufficient'-
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Abstract: In the literature on life satisfaction the author came across the hypothesis that happiness oscillates around a set point given by nurture and nature. This assumption implicitly supposes a homeostatic mechanism, which implies resilience against unhappiness. The present paper aims at the exploration and quantitative description of this resilience at the national level, which may be challenged by military conflicts, pandemics, energy crises, etc. In particular, the researcher would like to know, for which European countries the postulated resilience really exists, where the related national set points are, and whether there are limits of unhappiness below which the homeostatic set points cannot be reached anymore. In order to tackle these research questions, country-specific time series of annual happiness between 2007 and 2019 are analyzed by linear and quadratic regressions, where the current national happiness is the independent and the related following level of happiness the dependent variable. By analyzing the resulting regression equations, it is possible to identify and analyze its mathematical fixed points. Depending on whether they are stable or not, they are either homeostatic set points (equilibria) or critical limits, where homeostasis is destroyed. The present empirical analysis reveals that more than 50% of the analyzed European countries have no homeostasis of happiness. Consequently, these countries are psychologically vulnerable with regard to depressing developments like energy crises or pandemics. The remaining cases do often not display the classical form of homeostasis: they have either a shifting set point or only a narrow range, within which the homeostasis of happiness is maintained. Thus, there are only a few European countries with unlimited resilience against unhappiness and a set point that is stable over time.
PubDate: 2023-05-22
- 50 Years of Character Assessment: A Scoping Review of Psychometric
Instruments Measuring Character or Virtues-
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Abstract: The positive psychology movement has reintroduced the concepts of character and virtue to the study of individual differences. Over the past few decades, a variety of instruments have been developed to measure character and virtue. We conducted a scoping review of psychometric instruments intended to measure an individual’s character or virtues published after 1970. Our review found 41 instruments, described across 641 publications. The vast majority of the publications used the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and the Values In Action (VIA) instruments. The instruments identified in our review are recent (all published after 1993), with increasing numbers of instruments published in each subsequent decade. A variety of other instruments have been developed for particular cultural, occupational, and academic contexts. Reviewed psychometric reliability properties were satisfactory. The literature lacks consensus on the definitions of character and virtue and names many character and virtue traits. Yet, many instruments also share common ground in the meanings of their traits. We use the findings of our scoping review to suggest three projects to advance the field of character and virtue assessment.
PubDate: 2023-05-18
- Life Satisfaction and Socio-Economic Vulnerability: Evidence from the
Basic Income Experiment in Barcelona-
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Abstract: This work focuses on the implications of introducing a variation of a Basic Income for individuals in grim socio-economic conditions in Barcelona (Spain). We explore the happiness and socio-psychological imprint of living in material deprivation in a metropolitan city. Surveying people who joined the two-year Municipal Inclusion Support (MIS) scheme launched by the Municipality of Barcelona, we first identify the major constructs that contribute to recipients’ subjective well-being, paying particular attention to the sense of socio-economic vulnerability. Secondly, we explore the way beneficiaries’ subjective well-being changed over the project duration. Overall, the introduction of the MIS has had a positive effect on the subjective well-being of its recipients over the program duration. We also find that the profound and lasting effect of material and food deprivation, and the continuous stress these entail, explain changes in subjective well-being better than the actual income level. Notably, the creation and presence of networks for mutual support emerges as a pillar for human well-being in contexts of socio-economic vulnerability. This result stood out for women, who were majority group among the basic income recipients, pointing at high level of female economic vulnerability.
PubDate: 2023-05-11
- A Qualitative Method to Examine the Positive Impact of a Storytelling
Intervention in Reducing Reactive and Proactive Aggression in Young
Schoolchildren-
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Abstract: This study is the first to investigate the positive impact of a storytelling intervention based on the social information processing model in reducing reactive and proactive aggression among schoolchildren. The participants were 4,086 Grade 1 to 4 students from 15 randomly selected elementary schools in Hong Kong. Using the Reactive–Proactive Aggression Questionnaire, 371 schoolchildren at risk of aggression were identified based on scores of one standard deviation above the mean and randomly assigned to the experimental, placebo, and control groups. Children’s anger, social communication skills, empathy, and forgiveness were examined using a qualitative method. Twelve children and 11 caregivers were randomly selected from the three groups to participate in qualitative interviews. Content analysis was adopted to analyze the interview data. We found that the intervention reduced reactive aggression by enhancing anger control, intent attribution, social communication skills, and forgiveness among reactive aggressors. However, the intervention did not improve empathy among proactive aggressors. Overall, the storytelling intervention had more encouraging results for schoolchildren with reactive aggression than those with proactive aggression. The current findings suggest that teachers and school counselors should adopt a social information processing-based storytelling intervention to reduce proactive and reactive aggression and bullying among schoolchildren.
PubDate: 2023-05-11
- Exploring the Work-Life Spillover of Voice Practices: The Role of Voice
Instrumentality in Improving the Quality of Employees’ Lives-
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Abstract: Drawing on employee voice and spillover theory, this study investigates whether and how the degree and the effectiveness of organizational voice practices (i.e., voice opportunity and voice instrumentality) affect employee life not only at work (i.e., job satisfaction) but also outside the workplace (i.e., life satisfaction, perceived ability to influence society, and health). The results of an analysis of 1,509 employees in Korea show support for the positive effects of both voice opportunity and instrumentality on job satisfaction. However, voice instrumentality was found to have more significant and positive effects on employees’ non-work outcomes. The study also demonstrated that employees of companies with high voice instrumentality as well as voice opportunity were more satisfied with their work and daily lives, which remained consistently significant in the following year. This study responds to recent human resource management and quality of life scholars’ calls for uncovering whether the micro-level processes of employees’ experiences related to the voice system can “spill over” from the organizational domain to the non-work domain and how the instrumental aspect of the voice system improves employees’ quality of life.
PubDate: 2023-04-27
- Correction to: What are the Trends and Explanations of Perceived Social
Mobility in Poland'-
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PubDate: 2023-04-25
- Health-Related Quality of Life: Measurement Tools, Predictors and
Modifiers-
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Abstract: “Health-Related Quality of Life: Measurement Tools, Predictors and Modifiers” is a comprehensive and informative book that provides an in-depth examination of the concept of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its measurement. The book is edited by Jasneth Mullings, Sage Arbor and Madhane Cumbay and provides an in-depth examination of the concept of HRQoL and its measurement. The book is a comprehensive guide for researchers and practitioners interested in the field, and it offers a wealth of information on the various measurement tools and techniques available, as well as the predictors and modifiers of HRQoL.
PubDate: 2023-04-25
- Valuing the Wellbeing Associated with Psychosocial Factors at Work
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Abstract: Psychosocial factors are one of today’s top challenges to occupational safety and health. Calculations of related societal costs generally focus on hard outcomes, such as productivity, but rarely include the value of individual utility reduction caused by psychosocial factors at work. We use the compensating-income-variation method to estimate the monetary value necessary to compensate individuals experiencing sub-optimal psychosocial factors at work. The data used to examine the statistical relationship between income, psychosocial factors at work, and happiness is from an Icelandic health and well-being survey conducted in 2007, 2009, 2012, and 2017. This allows us to estimate the intangible cost associated with psychosocial factors at work, as well as providing valuable information on which specific factors are most highly related to workers’ well-being. Out of all the psychosocial factors measured, we find that poor superior-subordinate communications have the strongest negative association with individuals’ happiness. Our CIV estimates range from $5,419 to $26,504 per year for men and $3,202 to $11,046 per year for women, depending on the psychosocial factor being examined. Thus, the cost associated with the utility reduction due to psychosocial factors at work is substantial.
PubDate: 2023-04-22
- The Effects of Urban Living Conditions on Subjective Well-Being: The Case
of German Foreign Service Employees-
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Abstract: In an increasingly urbanized world, understanding the determinants of urban well-being will continue to grow in importance. Although the effects of different indicators of living conditions on well-being have been widely studied individually, little is known about their relative impact when examined jointly. In this study, we use a unique multi-source dataset that allows us to investigate the effect and relative importance of a variety of subjectively and objectively assessed aspects of urban living conditions on the subjective well-being (SWB) of German Foreign Service expatriates. The study captures living conditions in metropolises around the world at different stages of development, and assesses living conditions in a culturally comparably homogeneous set of participants, thus being potentially less confounded with cultural differences. Using linear regression and dominance analysis, we find that ‘quality of and access to nature’ (i.e., green space), ‘quality of housing’, and ‘quality of public goods’ (i.e., water, air, and sewage systems) have the strongest associations with SWB. Subjectively rated characteristics show stronger associations with SWB than externally assessed characteristics. Additionally, we examine whether the size of a city or the level of development of a country has an effect on SWB. Both living in a megacity (≥ 10 million inhabitants) and a lower development status have negative effects on SWB. However, these effects disappear when the various indicators of living conditions are controlled for. Our findings can inform organisations sending employees abroad as well as urban planners seeking to improve their policies and decision-making.
PubDate: 2023-04-22
- Review of the Book: Community Quality-of-Life Indicators. A Guide for
Community Indicators Projects” by M. Joseph Sirgy. ISSN
2520 − 1093 ISSN 2520 − 1107 (Electronic) Community
Quality-of-Life and Well-Being Series. ISBN 978-3-031-10207-3. ISBN
978-3-031-10208-0 (eBook) Pages 217 Springer Nature Switzerland.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10208-0-
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PubDate: 2023-04-21
- Across and Within- Individual Associations Between Everyday Activities and
Quality of Life Relevant Measures, in Workers with Type 1 Diabetes-
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Abstract: Relationships between activity engagement and health related quality of life (HRQOL) can differ based on the level of analyses. For instance, greater exercise on average may be linked with lower fatigue across individuals (between-person level), whereas the momentary experience of exercise may be associated with increased fatigue within an individual (within-person level). Disentangling the between- and within-person associations between everyday activities and HRQOL outcomes may provide insights for personalized lifestyle-oriented health promotion efforts for individuals with chronic conditions. The purpose of this paper was to examine the between- and within-person relationships between activity engagement and HRQOL relevant measures in a sample of 92 workers with type 1 diabetes (T1D), from whom we collected ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data 5–6 times daily over 14 days. At each EMA prompt, information was collected on the activity participants just engaged in, and HRQOL relevant metrics (e.g. mental health, blood glucose, fatigue, functioning). Momentary reports of “caring for others”, and more frequently “caring for others”, were both associated with decreased HRQOL. Reporting napping 10% or more of the time during a person’s waking hours, but not the momentary experience of napping, was associated with decreased HRQOL. Momentary reports of sleeping were associated with low activity satisfaction relative to other activities, but higher activity importance. Study results provided a quantitative representation of the lived experience of T1D covering multiple types of activity engagement, which potentially has health promotion implications for workers with T1D.
PubDate: 2023-04-20
- On Rule of Law, Civic Virtues, Trust, and Happiness
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Abstract: In literature, there is a long and ongoing dispute over whether free market institutions encourage or discourage civic virtues. On the one hand, the so-called doux commerce thesis states that free market institutions have a favorable influence on civic virtues, such as honesty, respect for private property, and fair dealings. This idea goes back to, amongst others, Adam Smith who famously argued that where commerce is introduced, people are more faithful to their word. Smith also believed that civic virtues foster human happiness. The policy implication would be that free market institutions increase happiness by stimulating civic virtues. On the other hand, the so-called self-destruction thesis states that free market institutions are inimical to the civic virtues, which would mean that free markets decrease human happiness by crowding out civic virtues. Although the debate on free market institutions and civic virtues is very relevant to policy makers, empirical evidence on these opposing propositions is still scarce. In this paper we test both relationships on a sample of 212,431 individuals from 80 countries by using data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey over the 1990–2020 period. We focus on one important dimension of free market institutions: rule of law. We find that civic virtues are positively related to rule of law and that happiness increases with civic virtues. In addition, civic virtues indirectly increase happiness by stimulating trust. In addition, trust is directly positively related to rule of law, indicating that both formal institutions (rule of law) and informal institutions (civic virtues) affect trust. An analysis of all the effects of rule of law on happiness shows, however, that the indirect effects through civic virtues and trust are of relatively minor importance in comparison to its total effect.
PubDate: 2023-04-15
- The Mediating Role of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in The
Relation Between Cognitive Function and Life Satisfaction Among Malaysian
Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Do Gender and Age Matter'-
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Abstract: Cognitive function (CF) is a resource for instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and life satisfaction (LS) in old age. Besides, IADL also contributes to LS in old age. However, the mediating role of IADL in the relation between CF and LS, especially from a longitudinal sample, is lacking. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of IADL in the relationship between CF and LS using two-wave sample data. This study also determined if the mediation model differed by gender and age. Data from two waves of the “Neuroprotective Model for Healthy Longevity among Malaysian Older Adults” study were extracted. The data collection was conducted in four states of Peninsula Malaysia. The first wave of data collection was completed in February 2013, while the second wave was conducted three years after the first wave. The participants were interviewed by trained enumerators using a structured questionnaire. The mediating role of IADL in the relationship between CF and LS was examined using PROCESS macro (model 4) for SPSS. Multigroup modelling using AMOS was used to explore the moderating roles of gender and age on the mediational model. Among the 2,315 respondents at T1, 1,294 were included in the T2 survey. IADL was found to partially mediate the relationship between CF and LS (indirect effect = 0.004, LLCI = 0.002, ULCI = 0.005). In addition, the relationship between CF and IADL was more prominent in men (β = 0.073, P < 0.001) than women (β = 0.047, P < 0.001) (t = 2.456, P = 0.014); the relationships between CF IADL was more pronounced in older respondents (β = 0.075, P < 0.001) than younger respondents (β = 0.038, P < 0.001) (t = 3.342, P = 0.001); and the relationships between and CF LS was more pronounced in older respondents (β = 0.070, P < 0.001) than younger respondents (β = 0.016, P = 0.068) (t = 3.989, P < 0.001). The developed conceptual model may facilitate an understanding of how CF, IADL, gender, and age interact to promote LS in later life. This model is helpful in the formulation of strategies to improve life satisfaction.
PubDate: 2023-04-11
- Work-Family Conflict and Women’s Turnover Intention: Mediating Effects
of Organizational Commitment-
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Abstract: The paper aims to investigate the relationship between Work-family conflict (WFC) and Turnover intention (TI) with the mediating effect of Organizational commitment (OC) as the extant literature lacks research in the context of developing countries and diverse cultures. Using the premise of the COR Theory, the study additionally examines the moderated mediation effects of job satisfaction (JS), organizational support (OS), and family support (FS) in the connection between OC and TI. 412 Omani women employed in Oman’s private sector were included in the study using the multistage sample methodology. A combination of AMOS and Hayes process models was used for measurement and confirmatory purposes. OC moderated the relationship between WFC and TI significantly. Family interference with work (FIW) and TI revealed full OC mediation, whereas WIF and TI exhibited only partial OC mediation. No significant moderating effect of FS and OS was observed in the relationship between WFC and OC; whereas JS significantly moderated the relationship between OC and TI. The research brings new perspectives to the WFC research. The connection between WFC and TI has been examined in many studies; however, only a few have examined the mediation and moderating effects of related variables in greater depth. This study, by examining the overarching COR framework and its links with other established theories, brings additional discoveries, particularly in the context of the Middle East, by taking OC as a mediator and FS, OS, and JS as moderators. Theoretically, the research reveals the mediating role of OC in the relationship between WFC and TI. It indicates that WIF conflicts can directly affect TI whereas FIW-type of conflicts do not affect TI directly and can be controlled by increasing OC. Practically, the study extends that if OC is affected by WFC then an increase in JS may help organisations in reducing TI.
PubDate: 2023-04-11
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