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Abstract: When I was growing up in Iran in the 1990s, public displays of affection were exceedingly uncommon. I distinctly remember the astonishment I felt as a teenager on seeing a young man with his arm around a girl, likely his girlfriend, on the street. The stringent social norms then in place made such expressions of intimacy seem not just indecent but also audaciously brave, from my youthful perspective. However, the Iran of my childhood has changed significantly in the past three decades. The world has witnessed in awe the displays of resilience and bravery of Iranians, especially women, through movements like the Mahsa Amini uprising in September 2022. These events shed light on how relentless Iranians are in their ... Read More PubDate: 2025-02-19T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: In general, different years resound in the one that has just been recorded and prevails. Moreover, they do not emerge in a hidden way as previously but rather, they contradict the Now in a very peculiar way, awry, from the rear.How can we understand race in modern Iran' Any attempt to do so must avoid imposing the categories of the Atlantic world and its particular history of chattel slavery onto a country with an entirely different history of racial formations, one in which race has never been a legal institution.1 Unlike countries such as the United States and South Africa, in which race is a legal construct that classifies people of African descent separately from those of South Asian origins, in Iran (and much ... Read More PubDate: 2025-02-19T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: My eyes fell on the counter and saw the package—the package Emile Simunian had given me the day before. … On top of the first page, he had written "For Clarice, to whom I can listen for days and days."I closed the book. The room wasn't really cold, but I felt cold. I reopened the book and read the sentence again. I traced the writing with my finger. I thought, what soft handwriting. Even, proportional, and diagonal. My Armenian handwriting was straight. … My queasiness and boredom went away little by little. Like water boiling and evaporating bit by bit. I felt free and unburdened, I felt good. I thought, so he was interested in what I said' So, he wasn't bored' I remembered his hands under his chin and his watch ... Read More PubDate: 2025-02-19T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: This article examines the nature of informal marriages using data from a 2018 survey of over ten thousand Facebook users in seven Muslim-majority countries: Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Pakistan, Palestine, Tunisia, and Turkey. We explore current attitudes toward informal marriages as well as the nature of such unions among Sunni and Shiʿi Muslim social-media users who took our survey. First, we sought to discover if our Sunni social-media public supports the diffusion of this type of marriage. Informal marriages have historically been religiously and culturally recognized practices among the Shiʿi. We found that informal marriages have diffused across the Sunni Muslim world, particularly between men and women who have ... Read More PubDate: 2025-02-19T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Each year in Iran, thousands of girls enter into marriage before reaching the age of consent.1 Recent statistics reveal that between March and September 2020 the marriages of sixteen thousand girls between the ages of ten and fourteen were officially registered in the country (UN HRC 2021: 9). This figure reflects a mere fraction of the child marriages taking place in Iran, as the absence of data regarding unregistered marriages, which, in the estimate of both local and international authorities, are quite numerous, hinders accurate reporting on the issue (see, e.g., Asghari 2019; Momeni 1972).2 Currently in Iran the legal age of marriage for girls is thirteen, but younger girls can also be married with the consent ... Read More PubDate: 2025-02-19T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID19 an international public health crisis. Two months later the WHO referred to the pathogen and the resulting infections as a pandemic breaching containment measures in most affected nations; festivals, conferences, weddings, and large gatherings were canceled as new "social distancing" measures were issued nation by nation. Statements about the pandemic proliferated on social-media platforms, among them that culturally important gatherings were sources of a new anxiety: "I was supposed to be getting married yesterday"; "I was supposed to be getting anxious right before the ceremony"; "Fearing that our wedding at the end of April would be ... Read More PubDate: 2025-02-19T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Making the Modern Turkish Citizen is a welcome addition to the growing literature on modernization, nation building, and identity formation in the early Turkish Republic. Based on the cultural analysis of sixty photographs that consist of individual, couple, and group portraits, this book examines the role of vernacular photography in the construction of modern Turkish citizenship. By focusing on the photographs of the urban middle class, taken by studio and itinerant photographers or as amateur snapshots in the 1920s and 1930s, Calafato reveals the "classed and gendered nature of the emerging new and Republican Turkish identity" (5).Informed by theoretical works on photography, gender, and visual culture, as well ... Read More PubDate: 2025-02-19T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Sumud, the Arabic word for "steadfastness," is an essential characteristic of Palestinian resistance to the Israeli occupation and an inevitable attribute of Palestinian daily life. Sumud: Birth, Oral History, and Persisting in Palestine frames the practice of sumud through stories of Palestinian birth experiences under Israeli military rule. This ethnography calls attention to the ways women carve their space in public discourse by identifying the intersection of birth with the Israeli occupation, the Palestinian movement, state institutions, hospitals, cities, and laws. Livia Wick goes beyond exploring experiences of giving birth and birth stories in correlation to the memory and construction of social movements. ... Read More PubDate: 2025-02-19T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Dignity, the essence of humanity, is a complicated notion, a metaconcept. As Zaynab El Bernoussi states, just defining the term is a "struggle" (1). Despite its prevalence across the medical, legal, religious, and humanitarian discourses in sociology, anthropology, and political studies, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of dignity as it is understood and experienced by individuals. El Bernoussi's work unpacks the significance and meanings of dignity, or karama, in the context of the 2011 uprising in Egypt. Her research addresses the subjective nature of karama and explores the diverse ways that it was instrumentalized by protestors to oust thirty-year-reigning President Mubarak. For El Bernoussi, the ... Read More PubDate: 2025-02-19T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: In 2011 I traveled by bus from Cairo northward to the Mediterranean coast and across the land border from Egypt into Libya. Sometime later, I flew the crosscountry distance from Benghazi into Tripoli. A few weeks after that, my cousins drove me west through the Ras Jdir border crossing into Tunisia, from Ben Guerdane all the way up into the capital city. These circumstances were extraordinary, in a period of revolution, and to deal with the burdens of long-distance land travel struck me as unsurprising. I was unaware at the time that the impossibility of air travel during this period echoed the early and mid-1990s, when international flights could not land in Libya. Icould not have known that, as the result of the ... Read More PubDate: 2025-02-19T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: The protracted conflict in Yemen, now entering its eleventh year, has unleashed a cascade of devastating consequences, plunging the nation into one of the most severe humanitarian crises of the twenty-first century. Beyond the harrowing scenes of widespread violence, displacement, and food insecurity, the conflict has incited a silent revolution within Yemeni households, fundamentally altering traditional gender roles. Amid the chaos and turmoil, women have emerged as unexpected agents of change, shouldering the responsibility of providing for their families in unprecedented ways.This article delves into the intricate ramifications of this seismic shift in socioeconomic gender dynamics precipitated by Yemen's ... Read More PubDate: 2025-02-19T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: In 2019 a friend in Rabat showed me a video of Houda Abouz, who raps under the stage name Khtek. I started following her career, first as a fan and later as a researcher. By 2020 she had performed in several independent music festivals throughout Morocco, more than doubled her social media following, and collaborated with several monumental rappers like Stormy, Tagne, ElGrandeToto, and Don Bigg. The year 2020 marked the release of four singles, and she was named one of the hundred most influential women in the world by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC 2020). Her first official single, "KickOff," has 2.1 million views on YouTube.In her own words, Khtek's bass-heavy, trap-influenced music highlights "things ... Read More PubDate: 2025-02-19T00:00:00-05:00