 Subjects -> SOCIOLOGY (Total: 553 journals)
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- Policy Brief
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Authors: Michael J. McFarland, Terrence D. Hill, Jennifer Karas Montez
Pages: 1 - 1
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Volume 64, Issue 1, Page 1-1, March 2023.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2023-03-11T11:27:59Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465221150307
Issue No: Vol. 64, No. 1 (2023)
- “It Wasn’t Very Public-Clinicy”: Client Experiences at Faith-Based
Pregnancy Centers-
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Authors: Kendra Hutchens
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Ahead of Print.
Faith-based pregnancy centers strive to offer “alternatives to abortion” that supporters claim aid women and critics assert manipulate pregnant people, stigmatize abortion, and potentially delay clients from obtaining medical care. However, scholars know little about the exchanges within appointments and how clients make sense of these experiences. Drawing on ethnographic observations of client appointments in two pregnancy centers in the West and 29 in-depth interviews with clients, this article uses an intersectional framework to analyze client experiences. Clients favorably compared centers to clinical health care providers, emphasizing the unexpectedly attentive emotional care they received. These evaluations stem from clients’ reproductive histories, which are shaped by gender, racism, and economic inequalities that configure their access to and interactions within the health system. Emotional care serves to create and maintain pregnancy centers’ impression of legitimacy among clients.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2023-05-24T12:53:03Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465231171555
- Immigration-Related Discrimination and Mental Health among Latino
Undocumented Students and U.S. Citizen Students with Undocumented Parents:
A Mixed-Methods Investigation-
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Authors: Victoria E. Rodriguez, Laura E. Enriquez, Annie Ro, Cecilia Ayón
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Ahead of Print.
Research has consistently linked discrimination and poorer health; however, fewer studies have focused on immigration-related discrimination and mental health outcomes. Drawing on quantitative surveys (N = 1,131) and qualitative interviews (N = 63) with Latino undergraduate students who are undocumented or U.S. citizens with undocumented parents, we examine the association between perceived immigration-related discrimination and mental health outcomes and the process through which they are linked. Regression analyses identify an association between immigration-related discrimination and increased levels of depression and anxiety; this relationship did not vary by self and parental immigration status. Interview data shed light on this result as immigration-related discrimination manifested as individual discrimination as well as vicarious discrimination through family and community members. We contend that immigration-related discrimination is not limited to individual experiences but rather is shared within the family and community, with negative implications for the mental health of undocumented immigrants and mixed-status family members.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2023-05-24T12:44:04Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465231168912
- Policy Brief
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Authors: Ryan K. Masters, Andres M. Tilstra, Daniel H. Simon, Kate Coleman-Minahan
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2023-05-06T10:44:20Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465231171627
- Loneliness during the Pregnancy-Seeking Process: Exploring the Role of
Medically Assisted Reproduction-
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Authors: Selin Köksal, Alice Goisis
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Ahead of Print.
This study explores whether undergoing medically assisted reproduction (MAR) is associated with experiencing loneliness and whether this association varies by gender and having a live birth. Using two waves of the Generations and Gender Survey (n = 2,725) from countries in Central and Eastern Europe, we estimate the changes in levels of emotional and social loneliness among pregnancy seekers in heterosexual relationships and test if they vary by the mode of conception while controlling for individual sociodemographic characteristics. Individuals who underwent MAR experienced increased levels of social loneliness compared to individuals who were trying to conceive spontaneously. This association is entirely driven by respondents who did not have a live birth between the two observation periods, while the results did not differ by gender. No differences emerged in emotional loneliness. Our findings suggest that increased social loneliness during the MAR process might be attributable to infertility-related stress and stigma.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2023-05-05T08:15:17Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465231167847
- The Sociocognitive Origins of Personal Mastery
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Authors: Gordon Brett, Soli Dubash
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Ahead of Print.
This article examines the relationship between cognitive processing and mastery. While scholars have called for the integration of sociological and cognitive analyses of mastery, sociological research has focused almost exclusively on mapping its social correlates. As a result, sociologists have relied on untested and underspecified assumptions about cognition to explain the efficacy of mastery. Taking an interdisciplinary approach integrating research on mastery, dual-process models of cognition, and intersectionality, we specify and test the hypothesis that deliberate thinking dispositions are associated with a greater sense of control over one’s life chances and assess whether this relationship varies across different intersections of social positions. Regression results from survey data in a diverse student sample (N = 982) suggest a positive correlation between deliberate cognitive style and personal mastery. However, results from a quantitative intersectional analysis demonstrate that this relationship does not hold for East Asian women.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2023-05-02T12:28:25Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465231167558
- How Social Roles Affect Sleep Health during Midlife
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Authors: Cleothia Frazier, Tyson H. Brown
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Ahead of Print.
This study draws on role theory and the life course perspective to examine how sleep health (duration, quality, and latency) is shaped by social role accumulation (number of roles), role repertoires (role combinations), and role contexts among middle-aged adults. We also examine how the relationships between social roles and sleep health are gendered. We use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Cohort (N = 7,628). Results show that role accumulation is associated with less sleep and decreased insomnia symptoms, and that role repertoires also impact sleep (e.g., parenthood leads to diminished sleep quantity and quality). There is also evidence that contextual factors related to employment history, marital quality, and parenthood affect sleep health. Furthermore, results reveal that several of the relationships between social roles and sleep are gendered. Taken together, findings demonstrate the utility of examining links between multiple dimensions of social roles and sleep health.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2023-04-28T08:38:44Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465231167838
- Differences in Determinants: Racialized Obstetric Care and Increases in
U.S. State Labor Induction Rates-
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Authors: Ryan K. Masters, Andrea M. Tilstra, Daniel H. Simon, Kate Coleman-Minahan
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Ahead of Print.
Induction of labor (IOL) rates in the United States have nearly tripled since 1990. We examine official U.S. birth records to document increases in states’ IOL rates among pregnancies to Black, Latina, and White women. We test if the increases are associated with changes in demographic characteristics and risk factors among states’ racial-ethnic childbearing populations. Among pregnancies to White women, increases in state IOL rates are strongly associated with changes in risk factors among White childbearing populations. However, the rising IOL rates among pregnancies to Black and Latina women are not due to changing factors in their own populations but are instead driven by changing factors among states’ White childbearing populations. The results suggest systemic racism may be shaping U.S. obstetric care whereby care is not “centered at the margins” but is instead responsive to characteristics in states’ White populations.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2023-04-26T01:40:41Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465231165284
- Disability Is Not a Burden: The Relationship between Early Childhood
Disability and Maternal Health Depends on Family Socioeconomic Status-
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Authors: Laurin E. Bixby
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Ahead of Print.
Narratives rooted in ableism portray disabled children as burdens on their families. Prior research highlights health disparities between mothers of disabled children and mothers of nondisabled children, but little is known about how socio-structural contexts shape these inequities. Using longitudinal data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 2,338), this study assesses whether the relationship between early childhood disability and maternal health varies by household socioeconomic status (SES). Findings reveal that, on average, mothers of children disabled by age five report worse health than mothers of nondisabled children; however, this pattern is only evident among lower SES mothers and disappears for higher SES mothers. Contextualizing the findings within the systemic ableism literature highlights how—instead of portraying disabled children as burdens on their families—scholars and policymakers should focus on how ableism and poverty burden disabled people and their families in ways that pattern health risks.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2023-04-25T12:43:08Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465231167560
- The Effect of Welfare State Policy Spending on the Equalization of
Socioeconomic Status Disparities in Mental Health-
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Authors: Matthew Parbst, Blair Wheaton
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Ahead of Print.
This article examines whether and how the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and depression is modified by welfare state spending using the 2006, 2012, and 2014 survey rounds of the European Social Survey (ESS) merged with macroeconomic data from the World Bank, Eurostat, and SOCX database (N = 87,466). Welfare state spending effort divided between social investment and social protection spending modifies the classic inverse relationship between SES and depression. Distinguishing policy areas in both social investment and social protection spending demonstrates that policy programs devoted to education, early childhood education and care, active labor market policies, old age care, and incapacity account for differences in the effect of SES across countries. Our analysis finds that social investment policies better explain cross-national differences in the effect of SES on depression, implying policies focused earlier in the life course matter more for understanding social disparities in the mental health of populations.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2023-04-25T10:39:17Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465231166334
- Less Time for Health: Parenting, Work, and Time-Intensive Health Behaviors
among Married or Cohabiting Men and Women in the United States-
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Authors: Patrick M. Krueger, Joshua A. Goode, Paula Fomby, Jarron M. Saint Onge
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Ahead of Print.
Time spent working or caring for children may reduce the time available for undertaking time-intensive health behaviors. We test competing perspectives about how work hours and the number of children of specific ages will be associated with married or cohabiting men’s and women’s sleep duration and physical activity. We use data from the 2004 to 2017 waves of the National Health Interview Survey (N = 154,580). In support of the “time availability” perspective, longer work hours and children of any age are associated with shorter sleep hours. However, in support of the “time deepening” perspective, additional hours of work beyond 40 hours per week and children over the age of five are not associated with reduced physical activity. Contrary to our expectations, we did not find gender differences in support of our theories. Our results suggest that the economy of time works differently for sleep and exercise.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2023-04-13T11:56:35Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465231163913
- Extreme Violence and Weight-Related Outcomes in Mexican Adults
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Authors: Miguel Quintana-Navarrete
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Ahead of Print.
Sociological research suggests that violent environments contribute to excess weight, a pressing health issue worldwide. However, this research has neglected extreme forms of violence, such as armed conflicts, a theoretically significant omission because armed conflict could reasonably lead to weight loss, not weight gain. I examine the weight-related, short-term consequences of the Mexican “War on Organized Crime.” I combine body mass index (N = 3,341) and waist circumference (N = 3,509) measures from the Mexico Family Life Survey with a novel data set on aggressions, confrontations, and executions between 2009 and 2011 (CIDE-PPD database) and exploit variation in the timing of the outcome relative to violent events taking place in the same residential environment. I find a robust and large positive association between armed conflict events and weight gain in adults and suggestive evidence of the behavioral, emotional, and physiological/biochemical pathways connecting those variables.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2023-04-13T11:53:56Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465231163906
- Family Formation History and the Psychological Well-Being of Women from
Diverse Racial-Ethnic Groups-
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Authors: Robert Crosnoe, Carol A. Johnston, Shannon E. Cavanagh, Elizabeth Gershoff
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Ahead of Print.
Studying disparities in psychological well-being across diverse groups of women can illuminate the racialized health risks of gendered family life. Integrating life course and demand–reward perspectives, this study applied sequencing techniques to the National Longitudinal Study of Youth: 1979 to reveal seven trajectories of partnership and parenthood through women’s 20s and 30s, including several in which parenthood followed partnership at different ages and with varying numbers of children and others characterized by nonmarital fertility or eschewing such roles altogether. These sequences differentiated positive and negative dimensions of women’s well-being in their 50s. Women who inhabited any family role had greater life satisfaction and fewer depressive symptoms, although these general patterns differed by race-ethnicity. Family roles were more closely related to well-being than ill-being for White women, parenthood had more pronounced importance across outcomes for Black women, and the coupling of partnership and parenthood generally mattered more for Latinas.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2023-03-24T11:10:32Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465231159387
- Network Ties, Upward Status Heterophily, and Unanticipated Health
Consequences-
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Authors: ChangHwan Kim, Harris Hyun-soo Kim
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Ahead of Print.
Using cross-national data containing information on the status rank of network alters, this study investigates the potential negative effects of “upward status heterophily,” ties to and perceived interaction with higher status others. According to our main finding, upward status heterophily is associated with poor physical health and lower subjective well-being. We also find that this focal relationship varies across individual and contextual moderators. For subjective well-being only, it is weaker among people who are better educated, have larger nonkin network, and possess greater self-efficacy. Moreover, there is a significant cross-level interaction: For both health outcomes, the relationship is more pronounced in subnational regions that are economically more unequal. Our findings shed light on the mechanisms of the “dark side of social capital” by operationalizing perceived status differential as a proxy for upward social comparison and showing its deleterious consequences in the East Asian context.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2023-03-18T09:50:07Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465231155892
- Health Lifestyle Theory in a Changing Society: The Rise of Infectious
Diseases and Digitalization-
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Authors: William C. Cockerham
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Ahead of Print.
Social change produces alterations in society that necessitate changes in sociological theories. Two significant changes affecting health lifestyle theory are the behaviors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and the digitalization of society. The health-protective practices emerging from the ongoing pandemic and the recent parade of other newly emerging infectious diseases need to be included in the theory’s framework. Moreover, the extensive digitalization of today’s society leads to the addition of connectivities (electronic networks) as a structural variable. Connectivities serve as a computational authority influencing health lifestyle practices through health apps and other digital resources in contrast to collectivities (human social networks) as a normative authority. The recent literature supporting these features in an updated and expanded model of health lifestyle theory is discussed.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2023-03-13T11:35:24Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465231155609
- Switching Clinics: Patient Autonomy over the Course of Their Careers in
Consumer Medicine-
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Authors: Eliza Brown
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Ahead of Print.
Patient autonomy, or the right to make decisions about medical care, is usually examined either within clinical encounters with medical providers or outside of clinics via social movements to transform care. These perspectives, however, may miss how patients exercise autonomy outside of clinical encounters while remaining in conventional care. Through in-depth interviews with 61 people who pursued fertility treatment in New York City, this article argues that one important way that people exert autonomy in consumer medicine is by switching clinics. This study finds that nearly half of participants switched clinics to reorient their patient careers that were not progressing satisfactorily, attempting to reset, redirect, and escalate them. This article emphasizes that patients exercise autonomy not just over treatment decisions but also over the direction and progress of patient careers themselves. This article suggests that patients’ disparate opportunities to elect to switch medical practices represents an inequity in consumer medicine.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2023-02-27T07:49:40Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465231154956
- Does Children’s Education Improve Parental Health and Longevity' Causal
Evidence from Great Britain-
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Authors: Cecilia Potente, Patrick Präg, Christiaan W. S. Monden
First page: 21
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Ahead of Print.
Parents with better-educated children are healthier and live longer, but whether there is a causal effect of children’s education on their parents’ health and longevity is unclear. First, we demonstrate an association between adults’ offspring education and parental mortality in the 1958 British birth cohort study, which remains substantial—about two additional years of life—even when comparing parents with similar socioeconomic status. Second, we use the 1972 educational reform in England and Wales, which increased the minimum school leaving age from 15 to 16 years, to identify the presence of a causal effect of children’s education on parental health and longevity using census-linked data from the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study. Results reveal that children’s education has no causal effects on a wide range of parental mortality and health outcomes. We interpret these findings discussing the role of universal health care and education for socioeconomic inequality in Great Britain.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2023-01-27T09:49:49Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465221143089
- Socioeconomic Positions and Midlife Health Trajectories in a Changing
Social Context: Evidence from China, 1991–2006-
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Authors: Yizhang Zhao
First page: 39
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Ahead of Print.
Cumulative (dis)advantage theory posits that socioeconomic disparities in health may increase with age. This study examines individuals’ midlife health trajectories, taking account of how their life courses are embedded within changing social contexts. Using the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1991–2006), it examines the health gap between Chinese rural peasants and urban nonpeasants in three adjacent time periods, during which a rapid process of social change increased the inequalities between rural and urban areas. Findings show that the health gap increases more rapidly in the more recent time periods, with higher levels of inequality, indicating that health inequalities between the two groups are contingent upon the social contexts in which individuals’ lives unfold. To better understand the differences observed over these time periods, further analysis will examine the roles of two structural factors: income inequality and differential access to medical care.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2023-02-15T09:09:12Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465221150381
- Health, Suicidal Thoughts, and the Life Course: How Worsening Health
Emerges as a Determinant of Suicide Ideation in Early Adulthood-
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Authors: Carlyn Graham, Andrew Fenelon
First page: 62
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Ahead of Print.
Poor physical health places adults at greater risk for suicide ideation. However, the linkage between health and suicidal thoughts may emerge and become established during early adulthood, concomitant with other social processes underlying suicidality. Using nationally representative survey data from Waves III through V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 8,331), we examine the emergence of health as a predictor of suicide ideation across the early adult life course (ages 18–43). We find that worsening health does not significantly predict suicide ideation until young adults approach the transition into midlife. Our findings suggest this may be due to the increasing severity of health problems, reduced social network engagement, and disruption of social responsibilities later in early adulthood. Our findings underscore the need for social science research to examine the relationship between mental and physical health from a life course perspective.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2023-01-12T08:08:57Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465221143768
- Ongoing Remote Work, Returning to Working at Work, or in between during
COVID-19: What Promotes Subjective Well-being'-
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Authors: Wen Fan, Phyllis Moen
First page: 152
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Ahead of Print.
The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated a massive turn to remote work, followed by subsequent shifts for many into hybrid or fully returning to the office. To understand the patterned dynamics of subjective well-being associated with shifting places of work, we conducted a nationally representative panel survey (October 2020 and April 2021) of U.S. employees who worked remotely at some point since the pandemic (N = 1,817). Cluster analysis identified four patterned constellations of well-being based on burnout, work–life conflict, and job and life satisfaction. A total return to office is generally more stressful, leading to significantly lower probabilities of being in the optimal low stress/high satisfaction constellation by Wave 2, especially for men and women without care obligations. Remote and hybrid arrangements have salutary effects; moving to hybrid is especially positive for minority men and less educated men, although it disadvantages White women’s well-being.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2023-01-25T07:29:19Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465221150283
- Fatherhood, Behavioral Health, and Criminal Legal System Contact over the
Life Course-
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Authors: Tasseli McKay, Eman Tadros
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Ahead of Print.
Life course theories suggest that fathers’ lifetime criminal legal system contact could contribute to poor parent–child outcomes via deterioration in couple relationship quality and fathers’ behavioral health. Using paired, longitudinal data from the Multi-site Family Study (N = 1,112 couples), the current study examines the influence of three dimensions of fathers’ life course legal system contact on individual and parent–child outcomes. In fitted models, accumulated system contact in adulthood predicts fathers’ later depressive symptoms and drug misuse, which in turn predict diminished father–child relationship quality (as reported by both co-parents). Fathers who were older at the time of their first arrest had poorer relationships with their children’s mothers and, in turn, poorer behavioral health and parent–child outcomes. Conditions of confinement during fathers’ most recent prison stay do not significantly predict later parent–child outcomes, net of the influence of age at first arrest and accumulated criminal legal system contact in adulthood.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2022-12-21T09:12:21Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465221139246
- Whose Good Death' Valuation and Standardization as Mechanisms of
Inequality in Hospitals-
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Authors: Katrina E. Hauschildt
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Ahead of Print.
Although most clinicians have come to perceive invasive life-sustaining treatments as overly aggressive at the end of life, some of the public and greater proportions of some socially disadvantaged groups have not. Drawing on 1,500+ hours of observation in four intensive care units and 69 interviews with physicians and patients’ family members, I find inequality occurs through two mechanisms complementary to the cultural health capital and fundamental causes explanations prevalent in existing health disparities literature: in valuation, as the attitudes and values of the socially disadvantaged are challenged and ignored, and in standardization, as the outcomes preferred by less advantaged groups are defined as inappropriate and made harder to obtain by the informal and formal practices and policies of racialized organizations. I argue inequality is produced in part because wealthier and White elites shape institutional preferences and practices and, therefore, institutions and clinical standards to reflect their cultural tastes.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2022-12-16T06:33:46Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465221143088
- The Biomedical Subjectification of Women of Advanced Maternal Age:
Reproductive Risk, Privilege, and the Illusion of Control-
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Authors: Emily S. Mann, Dana Berkowitz
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Ahead of Print.
The United States is experiencing a demographic transition toward older motherhood. Biomedicine classifies pregnancies among all women of advanced maternal age (AMA) as high-risk; paradoxically, women having first births at AMA are typically economically and racially privileged, which can reduce the risk of risks. This article examines the implications of the biomedicalization of AMA for first-time mothers, age 35 and older, using qualitative interviews. We find participants had substantial cultural health capital, which informed their critiques of AMA and the medical model of birth. When they found themselves subjected to biomedical protocols and concerned about reproductive risk as their pregnancies progressed, their subsequent biomedical subjectification compelled most to accept biomedical interventions. Consequently, some participants had traumatic birth experiences. Our findings illustrate that while first-time mothers of AMA anticipated that they would have more control over the birth process because of their advantages, ultimately, most did not.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2022-11-28T09:56:01Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465221136252
- Romantic Unions and Mental Health: The Role of Relationship Churning
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Authors: Sarah Halpern-Meekin, Kristin Turney
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Ahead of Print.
The stress process perspective suggests that romantic relationship transitions can be stressors that impair mental health. Research on romantic relationships and mental health has ignored one common stressor, on-again/off-again relationships, or churning. Using five waves of data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 3,176), we examine associations between relationship churning and mothers’ mental health. We find that mothers experiencing relationship churning have worse mental health than mothers in stably together relationships, net of characteristics associated with selection into relationship instability; these associations persist over four years. Mothers experiencing relationship churning have similar mental health as their counterparts who experience union dissolution (with or without repartnering). Current relationship status and quality explain some of the differences between churning and stably together mothers. Findings emphasize attending to multiple types of family stressors—even stressors and instability in ongoing relationships—and the micro-level ecological factors that shape mental health.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2022-10-19T07:07:42Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465221126091
- Why Your Doctor Didn’t Go to Class: Student Culture, High-Stakes
Testing, and Novel Coupling Configurations in an Allopathic Medical School
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Authors: Judson G. Everitt, James M. Johnson, William H. Burr
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Ahead of Print.
A clear pattern has emerged in allopathic medical schools across the United States: Most medical students have stopped going to class. While this trend among students is well known in medical education, few studies to date have examined the underlying sociological mechanisms driving this collective behavior or how these dynamics are related to institutional change in medical education. Drawing on 33 in-depth interviews with medical students in an allopathic medical school, we examine medical student culture and its role in shaping how medical students make sense of the institutionalized licensing requirement of the United States Medical Licensing Exam. We find that medical students learn to rely on digital recordings of their course content and third-party digital resources for Step 1 prep and stop attending their academic courses in person altogether. We argue that medical students create novel coupling configurations between local interaction and institutionalized licensure rules via their student cultures.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2022-08-29T12:33:53Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465221118584
- Income Inequality and Population Health: Examining the Role of Social
Policy-
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Authors: Michael J. McFarland, Terrence D. Hill, Jennifer Karas Montez
First page: 2
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Ahead of Print.
Studies of the relationship between income inequality and life expectancy often speculate about the role of policy, but direct empirical research is limited. Drawing on the neo-materialist perspective, we examine whether the longitudinal association between income inequality and life expectancy is mediated and moderated by policy liberalism in U.S. states (2000–2014). More liberal policy contexts are characterized by greater efforts to regulate the economy, redistribute income, and protect vulnerable groups and lesser efforts to penalize deviant social behavior. We find that state-level income inequality is inversely associated with policy liberalism and life expectancy. The association between income inequality and life expectancy was not mediated by policy liberalism but was moderated by it. The association is attenuated in states with more liberal policy contexts, supporting the neo-materialist perspective. This finding illustrates how states like New York and California (with liberal policy contexts) can exhibit high income inequality and high life expectancy.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2022-07-16T08:10:51Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465221109202
- The Long Arm of Childhood: Does It Vary According to Health Care System
Quality'-
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Authors: Matthew A. Andersson, Lindsay R. Wilkinson, Markus H. Schafer
First page: 79
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Ahead of Print.
Increasing evidence points to the salience of early life experiences in shaping health inequalities, but scant research has considered the role of institutional resources as buffers in this relationship. Health care systems in particular are an understudied yet important context for the generation of inequalities from childhood into adulthood. This research investigates associations between childhood disadvantage and adult morbidity and examines the role of health care system quality in this relationship. We also consider the role of adult socioeconomic status. We merge individual-level data on major disease (2014 European Social Survey) with nation-level health care indicators. Results across subjective and objective approaches to health care system quality are similar, indicating a reduced association between childhood socioeconomic status and adult disease in countries with higher quality health care. In total, our results reiterate the long-term influence of childhood disadvantage on health while suggesting health care’s specific role as an institutional resource for ameliorating life course health inequalities.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2022-09-05T06:40:59Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465221120099
- The Roles of Adolescent Occupational Expectations and Preparation in Adult
Suicide and Drug Poisoning Deaths within a Shifting Labor Market-
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Authors: Jamie M. Carroll, Alicia Duncombe, Anna S. Mueller, Chandra Muller
First page: 98
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Ahead of Print.
Research suggests that economic declines contribute to mortality risks from suicide and drug poisoning, but how the economy impacts individuals’ risks of these deaths has been challenging to specify. Building on recent theoretical advances, we investigate how adolescent occupational expectations and preparation contribute to suicide and drug poisoning deaths in a shifting economy. We use High School and Beyond data linked to adult mortality records for men that were exposed to a decline in labor market share and wages in predominantly blue-collar occupations during early adulthood. We find that adolescent men who expected these occupations had increased risks of suicide and drug poisoning death as adults net of educational and occupational attainment in early adulthood. Family background and occupational preparation are risk factors for death by drug poisoning but not suicide. Our findings improve our understanding of how labor market uncertainty shapes individuals’ vulnerability to suicide and drug poisoning death.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2022-02-15T04:55:35Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465211073117
- “Si Mis Papas Estuvieran Aquí”: Unaccompanied Youth Workers’
Emergent Frame of Reference and Health in the United States-
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Authors: Stephanie L. Canizales
First page: 120
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Ahead of Print.
Relying on in-depth interviews and ethnographic data in Los Angeles, California, this study examines the health experiences of unaccompanied, undocumented Latin American-origin immigrant youth as they come of age as low-wage workers. Findings demonstrate that unaccompanied, undocumented youth undergo cumulative physical and mental health disadvantages in the United States’s secondary labor market and during critical developmental life stages while lacking the parental monitoring and guidance to navigate them. Developing comparisons between their past and present living conditions and between themselves and other youth in Los Angeles—what I refer to as an emergent frame of reference—youth workers come to perceive family disruptions, and especially separation from their parents, as the most salient factor affecting their health. While some youth ultimately resign themselves to short-term attempts to assuage illness, injury, or distress through activities like substance abuse, others pursue community connections and support groups that can sustain them long term.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2022-09-10T06:12:18Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465221122831
- Race, Toxic Exposures, and Environmental Health: The Contestation of Lupus
among Farmworkers-
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Authors: Alison E. Adams, Anne Saville, Thomas E. Shriver
First page: 136
Abstract: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Ahead of Print.
Extant research has established that low-wage workers of color are at higher risk for occupational exposures. While the medical sociology literature regarding contested illness provides insights into the dynamics surrounding workplace exposures, some environmental illnesses such as lupus have gotten scant analytical attention. This is a significant gap because women of color, who are more likely to hold these high-risk jobs, are disproportionately affected by the disease. We examine a case of pesticide exposure among Black women farmworkers in Florida. We investigate how race and occupation intersect to shape lived experiences with toxics and what role race plays in the process of contesting exposures and illness. Our data include in-depth interviews (N = 36), media coverage, and archival materials. Our findings indicate that race-related factors played an important part in shaping the farmworkers’ experiences with exposures, illness, and interaction with elite actors.
Citation: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
PubDate: 2022-11-28T09:50:21Z
DOI: 10.1177/00221465221132787
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Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
