 Subjects -> SOCIOLOGY (Total: 553 journals)
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- Varieties of capitalism and income inequality
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Authors: Masoud Movahed
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
Why do countries diverge significantly in the levels of income inequality across the Global North' Most scholars believe that the answer lies in the ways that economic resources are organized through institutions. Drawing on a country-level, longitudinal dataset from 1985 to 2016 matched with three other data sources, the author explains how and to what extent institutions matter for income inequality across the “varieties of capitalism.” To sort countries based on their institutional similarities, the author conducts cluster analysis and examines the extent to which institutions predict variation in the levels of income inequality, both cross-nationally and within each cluster of countries. In cross-national, panel data regressions, strong evidence is presented that labor market interventions such as vocational rehabilitation programs as well as characteristics of corporate governance are important determinants of income inequality.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2023-05-19T08:43:47Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152231174158
- Globalization, contextual threat perception, and nativist backlash: A
cross-national examination of ethnic nationalism and anti-immigrant
prejudice-
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Authors: Harris Hyun-soo Kim
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
According to critics of globalization, it has ushered in a new era of economic inequality, with some of the biggest “losers” being the majority working classes in advanced capitalist democracies. Economically aggrieved, culturally threatened, and politically excluded, they have become the bedrock of right-wing political parties in much of Europe and the United States. Integral to this phenomenon is the heightened anti-immigrant prejudice espoused by both supporters and leaders of populist movements. The present study investigates a critical issue in this context, one that has been implicitly assumed but relatively understudied: the impact of globalization on xenophobic attitudes among natives. It also examines whether and to what extent globalization moderates the effect of ethnic nationalism on their preferences for restrictive immigration and immigrant assimilation. Findings from multilevel analysis indicate that globalization, as well as the nativist backlash, plays a significant role in directly and indirectly shaping how immigration and immigrants are perceived in host societies.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2023-05-17T05:46:04Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152231173307
- Book review: Muslim American city: Gender and religion in Metro Detroit
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Authors: AunRika Tucker-Shabazz
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2023-05-16T09:13:56Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152231163463
- Book review: Scott Rozelle and Natalie Hell Invisible China: How the
Urban-Rural Divide Threatens China’s Rise-
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Authors: Wai Kit Choi
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2023-05-09T06:58:25Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152231163462
- “It gave us a thrill”: Emotions, exile, and narratives of
(dis)engagement among activists from Syria-
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Authors: Amany Selim
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
Building on qualitative interviews with Syrians who participated in the anti-regime movement of 2011 and now live in Berlin and Oslo, the article unpacks the ways that these contexts affected participants’ decision to continue or disrupt their activism in exile. By analyzing their activist trajectories from revolution to exile and drawing on the concept of emotional resonance, I reveal how Berlin and Oslo provided participants with different environments when dealing with their past experiences of participation. I show that while the mobilizing structures of Berlin provided spaces for activism that resonated with the emotional needs of activists, enabling them to continue activism on behalf of Syria, the mobilizing structures of Oslo failed to produce spaces that could respond to activists’ needs, playing a part in their disengagement there. The article extends the concept of emotional resonance and adds to the study of Syrian diasporas and emotions in the Syrian uprising.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2023-04-22T10:20:54Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152231165285
- Elson Boles review of Albert Bergeson
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Authors: Elson Boles
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2023-04-12T10:19:00Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152231163457
- Trade union strength, business power, and labor policy reform: The cases
of Argentina and Chile in comparative perspective-
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Authors: Pablo Pérez Ahumada
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
In this article, I explain why pro-labor reforms succeed or fail. Focusing on the cases of Argentina and Chile, I show that labor reforms are more successful in extending trade union rights when unions successfully build associational power and employers are less able to do so. Consistent with this argument, a quantitative analysis of time-series cross-sectional data from 78 countries suggests that the level of class power disparity is negatively correlated with the extension of workers’ collective rights. At the end of the article, I discuss how these results have implications for the study of labor reforms and power resources.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2023-03-27T05:00:24Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152231163846
- Cross-national differences in the association between intergenerational
support and fertility in East Asia-
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Authors: Jolene Tan
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
In past and contemporary societies, kin presence and support are widely cherished for helping couples contend with parenthood. Thus, it is hypothesized that intergenerational cooperation in raising children influences fertility decisions. Despite the potential benefits of having a supportive family environment, societies with dissimilar social, structural, and geographical conditions may exhibit cross-cultural differences that are characterized by variations in family processes and reproductive outcomes. To demonstrate the influence of context, this study draws on the 2006 and 2016 East Asian Social Survey and uses generalized Poisson regression to investigate cross-national differences in the effect of intergenerational support on fertility in East Asia. The results show distinct patterns in the effect of intergenerational financial support, instrumental support, and geographic proximity on fertility. Financial support and proximity to grandparents are particularly conducive to childbearing among urban families. Instrumental support appears to be more beneficial for societies going through the second phase of the gender revolution (South Korea and Taiwan) than for societies with stronger gender role constraints (Japan). The findings highlight how context underpins the effect of intergenerational support on fertility.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2023-03-27T04:59:25Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152231161791
- Book review: Maria Carinnes P Alejandria and Will Smith, Disaster
Archipelago: Locating Vulnerability and Resilience in the Philippines-
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Authors: Victoria Reyes
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2023-03-24T05:37:07Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152231163461
- Book review: Sanford M Jacoby, Labor in the Age of Finance: Pensions,
Politics, and Corporations from Deindustrialization to Dodd-Frank-
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Authors: Matthew Soener
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2023-03-23T07:56:09Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152231163458
- Low-wage mobility in Central Europe
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Authors: Daniel Gerbery, Tomáš Miklošovič
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
The article provides analyses of the mobility and resilience to mobility among low-wage earners in four Central European (CE) countries. It examines transitions into higher-paid jobs, unemployment/inactivity, and the stability of low-wage status. In addition to standard transition matrices and summary mobility indices, it employs multinomial logit models with the aim of identifying individual determinants of low-wage earners’ prospects. The findings show that the CE countries do not represent a homogeneous group in terms of presence of low wages when the period of 2010–2016 is considered. In regard to future prospects, low-wage employees in the countries with higher incidence of low pay are more likely to reproduce their status, as compared with countries with lower incidence. Upward mobility is more likely among younger, high-educated employees and among those who work in “better” occupations.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2023-03-08T05:34:28Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152231156436
- Educational tracking and social inequalities in long-term labor market
outcomes: Six countries in comparison-
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Authors: Steffen Schindler, Eyal Bar-Haim, Carlo Barone, Jesper Fels Birkelund, Vikki Boliver, Queralt Capsada-Munsech, Jani Erola, Marta Facchini, Yariv Feniger, Laura Heiskala, Estelle Herbaut, Mathieu Ichou, Kristian Bernt Karlson, Corinna Kleinert, David Reimer, Claudia Traini, Moris Triventi, Louis-André Vallet
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
In this country-comparative study, we ask to what extent differentiation in secondary education accounts for the association between social origins and social destinations in adult age. We go beyond the widely applied formal definitions of educational tracking and particularly pay attention to country-specific approaches to educational differentiation. Our main expectation is that once we factor in these particularities, the degree to which educational differentiation accounts for social reproduction is quite similar across countries. Our analyses are based on national individual-level life-course data from six European countries that span from secondary education to occupational maturity. Our findings show that educational differentiation mediates the association between social origins and social destinations to a substantial degree in all countries. However, we still find some differences between countries in the extent to which educational differentiation accounts for social reproduction.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2023-02-10T08:58:16Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152231151390
- From mass mobilization to neoliberal war-making: Labor strikes and
military-industrial transformation in the United States-
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Authors: Corey R Payne
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
How did workers affect—and how were they affected by—the dramatic transformations of U.S. war-making that have occurred since the mid-twentieth century' Where do such transformations leave workers and war in the twenty-first century' Using newly compiled data on workers’ strikes in the U.S. armaments industries from World War II through the present, this paper examines the relationship between labor and military-industrial restructuring. The paper introduces the concept of regimes of war-making and makes three main arguments. First, workers’ power was a significant force shaping the shift from a regime of mass mobilization war-making to a regime of neoliberal war-making, as armaments firms aimed to overcome the constraints imposed by workers in the mid-twentieth century. Wartime mobilizations—for Korea and Vietnam—temporarily stymied these efforts by enhancing the disruptive power of workers, who leveraged that power into pauses or reversals of firms’ initial attempts at restructuring. Second, U.S. defeat in Vietnam was a watershed moment. Mass mobilization was abandoned, and the changing nature of war meant that subsequent military buildups offered workers little leverage with which to resist restructuring. Third, in the twenty-first century, the combination of greatly expanded wars and decades of restructuring has resulted in a bifurcation among armaments workers, between those producing supplies needed for pressing counterinsurgency operations and those producing other innovative, but unused, systems. Thus, while the regime of neoliberal war-making has reduced the size and strength of armaments workers in general, some still have significant disruptive potential at the present juncture.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2023-02-03T09:49:30Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152221148654
- Mosaic of beliefs: Comparing gender ideology in China across generation,
geography, and gender-
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Authors: Rujun Yang
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
Modernization accounts of cultural change hold that economic development drives liberalization of social values, including gender beliefs. Some comparative gender scholarship suggests that societal affluence is often accompanied by the growth of gender-essentialist beliefs, and that these beliefs coexist comfortably alongside gender-egalitarian values. The multidimensional conceptualization of gender ideology that is required to assess these competing claims has been applied so far mostly to Western societies. China is an obvious case for extending knowledge of these relationships, given its rapid economic growth and its recent history of state-imposed gender-egalitarian discourses. Applying latent class analysis to the Chinese General Social Survey (2010–2017), this study links different tenets of gender ideology in China to temporally and spatially specific histories and gendered interests. The results show that the relative importance of modernization and gender accounts depends on the generational, regional, and gendered identities being examined. Unlike in the West, moreover, egalitarian and essentialist beliefs do not always coincide in contemporary China. The friction between these beliefs reflects the resilience of male-primacy ideology.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2023-01-11T11:15:56Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152221147493
- Book review: After Redlining: The Urban Reinvestment Movement in the Era
of Financial Deregulation-
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Authors: Christopher Bonastia
First page: 102
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2023-02-13T04:47:13Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152231153242
- Book review: Anticolonial Afterlives in Egypt: The Politics of Hegemony
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Authors: Rohan Advani
First page: 104
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2023-02-15T12:18:54Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152231153238
- Book review: Capital Without Borders: Wealth Managers and the One Percent
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Authors: Camilo Arturo Leslie
First page: 106
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2023-02-13T04:48:05Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152231153249
- Book review: Luis Alfredo Garrido Soto, Belated Reply to a Review: on La
“vía chilena” al socialismo (1970–1973): un itinerario
geohistórico de la Unidad Popular en el sistema-mundo-
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Authors: Luis Alfredo Garrido Soto
First page: 108
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2023-02-18T09:50:26Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152231153243
- Book review: Combatting Modern Slavery: Why Labour Governance Is Failing
and What We Can Do about It-
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Authors: Intan Suwandi
First page: 110
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2023-02-17T11:16:09Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152231153250
- Emotional reason: The Israeli scientific mind facing a German cultural
mirror-
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Authors: Gad Yair
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
Scientists often surmise that scientific thought is a universal faculty akin to Kant’s description of “pure reason.” The conventional view insists that science should censor the passions and bar the intrusion of emotional and subconscious motives into scientific work. This article challenges this truism by showing that the split between reason and emotions is rather culturally mediated. Using interviews with 125 Israeli scientists who had collaborated with German colleagues, the study allowed respondents to compare their scientific practices and intellectual styles with those of their German compatriots. The results suggest that in contrast to their sober and uber-rational German colleagues, Israeli scientists’ intellectual style can be described as fiery, enflamed, and passionate. Indeed, they often spoke of “love” and “desire” as central elements that drive innovation and creativity in scientific discovery. Their minds, they implied, function through emotional reason.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2022-12-17T10:10:35Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152221144631
- Army embeddedness, political opportunities and threats, and the dynamics
of contention: Understanding the varying role of the armed forces in the
Egyptian, Syrian, and Libyan 2011 revolts-
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Authors: Eitan Alimi
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
In many Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries, the army has traditionally been a central pillar of the authoritarian regimes, responsible for the security and integrity of the state and a symbol of national sovereignty and social unity. Nevertheless, the 2011 Arab revolts witnessed stark differences in the response of the armies. This article argues that a relational reading of the Structure of Political Opportunities and Threats, particularly when its dimension of the state’s capacity and propensity for repression is informed by a MENA-salient regime feature—army embeddedness—offers a compelling solution to the puzzle. An analysis of the Egyptian, Syrian, and Libyan episodes of contention, based on a comparative method that combines mechanism-based process tracing and typological theorizing, demonstrates the theoretical payoffs of this sensitized dimension. Cross-case similarities underscore the value of thinking about the army as a full-fledge agent embedded within a web of relations with social and political forces. Specifically, findings reveal how army embeddedness shapes the respective operation and effect of the mechanisms “political opportunities” and “political threats,” and highlight the importance of differentiating between the state’s capacity and the state’s propensity for repression. Within-case variations highlight the historically specific development of such embeddedness and how it plays out distinctively in each case, forming different scenarios of high and low capacity and propensity for repression.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2022-12-07T09:56:41Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152221140344
- Students and protests: A quantitative cross-national analysis
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Authors: Vadim V Ustyuzhanin, Patrick S Sawyer, Andrey V Korotayev
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
Previous studies have found a positive relationship between the youth and the educated with protest number, but the form that these protests take needs further research. We argue that students are a unique group, acting neither as an educated nor a young population, and three possible mechanisms push students toward non-violent rather than violent forms of protest. By promoting values of tolerance, higher levels of human capital, and social mobility, education serves as a factor that pacifies destructive tendencies in protest movements. At the same time, universities are a platform for cooperation, and the large amounts of free time and energy make the costs of participating in protests for students minimal compared with other groups. Using a negative binomial regression and a rare events logistic regression, we find that the proportion of students is a strong and consistently significant predictor of the number of nonviolent demonstrations. However, the share of students in the total population does not turn out to be significantly associated with violent protests/armed uprisings.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2022-11-19T08:42:30Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152221136042
- How do political opportunities impact protest potential' A multilevel
cross-national assessment-
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Authors: Dana M Williams
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
This article tests the general explanatory power of political opportunity theory for cross-national variations in protest throughout the world, and considers how opportunities influence individual-level characteristics crucial for coalition-formation and campaigns. This study constructs a multilevel model of protest potential, using survey data from individuals across 43 countries, drawn from the fifth and sixth waves of the World Values Survey, combined with political, economic, and cultural factors measured for each country. While many individual factors predicted individuals’ protest potential, a mixture of country-level factors—including select political opportunities—are of general importance. Country-level regime durability and empowerment rights moderated the effect of organization membership, social trust, and political ideology on protest, demonstrating how political opportunity interacts to enhance the impact of individual characteristics relevant to coalition-building and campaigns.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2022-11-03T08:41:19Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152221133059
- Financialization goes South: Foreign capital flows and financial
accumulation in emerging markets-
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Authors: Matthew Soener
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
Has global financial integration allowed firms in the so-called “Global South” to profit from financial activity' Financialization researchers have either neglected these countries and the international economic order in general or neglected firm-level dynamics, a broad sample of emerging markets, and a theoretical and historical explanation for this trend. I attempt to fill these gaps using data on all non-financial corporations across 31 emerging market economies to answer this question. To theorize and explain the recent historical origins of this process in a more sociological and global lens, I draw on the work of Giovanni Arrighi. My results show that financial inflows, but not outflows, increase financial accumulation in Global South firms—specifically short-term investments and cross-border lending. Moreover, nearly all financial income is generated by the largest firms. These results help explain how financial power undermines development in the Global South yet simultaneously empowers local economic elites who benefit from financial integration.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2022-10-26T06:09:08Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152221133058
- Leaving out of necessity or out of ambition' The impact of socio-economic
development on factors of youth emigration from countries of South Eastern
Europe-
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Authors: Andrej Naterer, Miran Lavrič
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
Based on survey data from representative national samples of young people, we compared the impact of nine different factors of emigration desire among young people from 10 countries of Southeast Europe. The results show that (1) the impact of factors of necessity decreases with higher levels of Human Development Index (HDI), while factors of ambition tend to have stronger impact. We also found that across all 10 countries, (2) the experience of having been abroad is the strongest predictor of higher emigration desire, and that (3) the emigration desire of young people tends to decrease with higher levels of HDI.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2022-10-12T08:11:28Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152221126375
- Life satisfaction, skills diffusion, and the Japan Paradox: Toward
multidisciplinary research on the skills trap-
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Authors: Satoshi Araki
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
Recent research argues skills are the key to socio-economic success for individuals and societies, ranging from labor market outcomes to non-economic well-being. Drawing on these arguments, this study re-examines the linkage between the skills level of societies and people’s life satisfaction (LS), using the joint European Values Study–World Values Survey data for 48,930 individuals in 32 countries. Multilevel regressions confirm the positive association between these two variables, as suggested by the literature. However, there exists one outlier where the average LS score is markedly low despite its high skills level: Japan. Examining the mechanism behind this overall cross-national trend and Japan’s peculiar position—Japan Paradox—is a promising agenda for future multidisciplinary research, as it may reflect not only the favorable link between skills and LS but the hidden socio-economic structure—Skills Trap—that prevents highly skilled people from enjoying better well-being even under seemingly well-developed social conditions.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2022-09-23T09:45:00Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152221124812
- Religion as a factor in cultural consumption: Religious denomination and
its impact on reading practices and ballet-opera attendance in Europe-
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Authors: Joaquim Rius-Ulldemolins, Alejandro Pizzi, Raul Paya
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
The influence of social and educational factors has often been used to explain social differences in consumption and cultural practices. Without denying the value of such an approach, this article examines the impact of religious denomination and its influence in shaping cultural practices. Our article argues the need for a macro-social, longue durée [long-term] perspective to shed light on cultural differences and why these linger notwithstanding the market and political convergence found in Europe today. The diverse cultural consumption patterns found in European Union (EU) Member States as evidenced by Eurobarometer surveys are examined through our logistic regression analysis. The findings show the explanatory power of the religion variables used by classical historical sociology. These variables have been largely overlooked by modern studies—a shortcoming this article seeks to redress. We see a link between a country’s historical religion (the religious “factor”) and its cultural consumption.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2022-08-25T05:12:44Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152221118627
- The impact of INGO ties on flows of aid for women’s health in the
developing world-
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Authors: Eunhye Yoo
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
Recent literature on international development aid has emphasized the role of international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) in determining who receives international development assistance. However, few analyses have investigated the specific sectors of international aid and the influence of INGOs by INGO type. Using panel data from 94 countries from 1996 to 2015, this study tests the effects of general INGOs, women’s international non-governmental organizations (WINGOs), and health international non-governmental organizations (HINGOs) on the flows of aid for women’s reproductive health, family planning, and sexually transmitted diseases (STD) control/HIV/AIDS. The results show that general INGOs, WINGOs, and HINGOs are an important source of women’s health aid. However, the effects of these organizations are conditioned by recipients’ levels of political and economic development. These findings provide supporting evidence for the idea that INGO ties are important in women’s health aid, but also suggest that the size and significance of INGO effects should be considered cautiously.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2022-08-24T05:24:43Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152221118624
- Contrasting perspectives: Belief in national superiority in relation to
countries’ performance-
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Authors: Marharyta Fabrykant, Vladimir Magun
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
This article examines cross-country differences in the strength of individuals’ belief that their country is better than most others and the dependence of this belief on their country’s performance in various spheres. The research design consists of a series of multilevel ordinal logistic regression models estimated using the data of the most recent thematic wave of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP)—National Identity module. Our research finds that these effects are mostly nonlinear U-shaped: people from both high- and low-performing countries express a strong belief in their country’s superiority, while people from average-performing countries do not. These findings suggest a bifurcated nature of belief in national superiority—an interplay between a grounded estimation of a country’s actual achievements and the social norms and individual motivations that prescribe holding one’s own country in high esteem regardless of its actual performance. These norms are found to be the strongest in underperforming countries, while in average- and high-performing countries, people making these evaluations are under weaker normative pressure and therefore more attuned to country achievements. As a result, the weakest belief in national superiority is found not in underperforming, but in average-performing countries. The latter also have the highest diversity on this belief, probably because different segments of the population compare their country’s performance against different benchmarks.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2022-08-08T10:06:38Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152221115631
- Pro-integration policies and the occupational expectations of immigrant
youth-
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Authors: Volha Chykina
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
Europe is experiencing heightened public attention toward anti-immigration policy reforms and restrictions. Despite the potential importance of these policy changes, we do not know whether these policies influence how immigrant children perceive their futures in their host countries. Employing secondary data analysis of the Program for International Student Assessment and the Migrant Integration Policy Index data, I show that a decrease in policy support for immigrant integration is associated with a decrease in how good of a job immigrant children expect to have when they are adults. Since students’ occupational expectations influence their eventual status attainment, this article shows that a decrease in pro-integration policies has important implications for the integration of immigrants into their host countries and for their life trajectories.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2022-08-08T09:58:55Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152221115620
- The perception and interpretation of conflicting mnemonic narratives:
Post-communist remembrance in East Germany and Poland-
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Authors: Anke Fiedler, Tomasz Rawski, Krzysztof Świrek, Julia Traunspurger
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
Every society is marked by memory gaps. Taking Poland and (East) Germany as examples, we use a social constructivist-poststructuralist approach and conduct focus groups and qualitative interviews to investigate how the communist past is remembered in private everyday discourse and its differentiation from the hegemonic public memory discourse. Both countries exhibit striking parallels in their everyday and hegemonic memory practices, but they differ in how the memory gap is interpreted: in Poland along class lines, in Germany according to quasi-ethnic lines. Thus, the study shows that private–public memory gaps may determine the societal (re)production of group-specific identities in mnemonic conflicts.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2022-08-08T09:56:36Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152221115434
- Animals in world society: Constitutional and legislative incorporation,
1972–2020-
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Authors: Mike Zapp, David John Frank, Marcelo Marques
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
This article analyzes cross-national and longitudinal variations in the incorporation of nonhuman animals into country constitutions and legislation. We argue that incorporation follows from the scientific rationalization and human rights-based ontological elaboration of nonhuman animals in world society, carried by a growing number of intergovernmental agreements and international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs). To test our ideas, we use event-history analyses on original data from 195 countries for the period 1972–2020. The models of constitutional incorporation show mixed results, with positive effects from human rights and INGOs but negative effects from science and intergovernmental agreements. The models of legislative incorporation show consistent positive effects from world factors, even when controlling for a range of domestic factors. Legal incorporation suggests an extension of the boundaries of “society,” driven by the rising prominence of highly rationalized and elaborated models of nonhuman animals, replete with dignity, sentience, and even tentative forms of rights and personhood.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2022-07-26T11:43:17Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152221112850
- Global out-of-home childcare and world culture
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Authors: Olga Ulybina
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
The focus of this article is the link between the modern world culture and national public policy commitments. Drawing on world society theory and using data for 193 countries between 1990 and 2020—1411 documents in total—we analyze the global pattern of policy commitments to out-of-home childcare deinstitutionalization. Deinstitutionalization refers to the policy of moving children from institutional residential care (e.g. orphanages) to family-based and family-like care in the community. Using the reports by state parties of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, we find that 85 percent of countries make at least some commitment to deinstitutionalization. At the same time, the data reveal significant variation in the interpretation of deinstitutionalization. We also find that similar policy commitments are underpinned by diverse motives that reflect different normative frames within the dominant world culture—human rights, scientization, and cost efficiency. This diversity does not fit the standard world society concepts of convergence, resistance, or decoupling. We argue that countries can selectively adopt specific aspects of world culture, with important policy implications.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2022-07-14T05:12:27Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152221110090
- Violated entitlement and the nation: How feelings of relative deprivation
shape nationalism and constructive patriotism-
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Authors: Steffen Wamsler
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
Perceptions of violated entitlement resulting from group-based relative deprivation shape attitudes and behaviors decisively. Drawing on social identity theory, I hypothesize that nationalism and constructive patriotism portray divergent relationships with subjective feelings of being disadvantaged due to different coping strategies to overcome status inferiority. Employing an original, large-scale survey from six European countries, the results clearly show that group-based relative deprivation is positively linked to nationalism, whereas the reverse holds for constructive patriotism. These results hold irrespective of a wide array of robustness checks. Thus, the present study adds to extant literature by identifying feelings of disadvantage as crucial for predicting nationalism and constructive patriotism, two key manifestations of group membership and in-group identification.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2022-06-08T05:25:32Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152221103123
- Corruption in the public schools of Europe: A cross-national multilevel
analysis of education system characteristics-
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Authors: Ilona Wysmułek
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
Researchers have long theorized that characteristics of education systems impact both perceived and experienced corruption in public schools. However, due to insufficient cross-national survey data with measures on corruption in education and unassembled yet publicly available institutional data, there are few empirical tests of this theory. This article provides the rare direct test of the relationship between corruption in European public schools and three education system factors: government expenditure on education, education staff compensation, and teacher workload (pupil–teacher ratio). With a newly constructed harmonized data set for European countries, and controlling for national economic factors and individual characteristics, results of multilevel analyses suggest partial support for the theory that specific institutional characteristics of education systems impact public school corruption. The theorized institutional factors have different effects that depend on whether we examine bribe-giving experience or corruption perception. Results show that bribe-giving experience in public schools of Europe is weakly yet significantly related to education staff compensation. For corruption perception, low levels of government expenditure on education and a lopsided pupil–teacher ratio (too few teachers per student) increase the probability that people view corruption as prevalent.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2022-06-02T10:19:13Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152221096841
- Institutional characteristics of education systems and inequalities:
Introduction II-
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Authors: Christiane Gross, Andreas Hadjar, Laura Zapfe
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
This is the second special issue of the International Journal of Comparative Sociology on the role of education systems as institutional settings on the reproduction of inequalities. The first was published in January 2021 and included papers that explored the role of shadow education and country characteristics during early childhood on educational inequalities. This special issue includes three papers that focus on stratification of the education system as a key driver of educational inequalities, cumulative (dis)advantage in the access to higher education, and student experiences in national educational systems. While we already elaborated on the research program, conceptual framework, and methodological challenges in the first introduction, we will deal with the current state-of-research in this second introduction.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2022-05-16T05:23:07Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152221094558
- Explaining when older persons are perceived as a burden: A cross-national
analysis of ageism-
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Authors: Andreas Hövermann, Steven F Messner
First page: 3
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
This study aims to shed further light on the emergence of ageist attitudes by introducing a theoretically grounded mechanism that helps explain why older persons appear as burdensome by segments of society. We introduce the concept of “marketized mentality” (MM), which depicts a strong personal commitment to the principal values associated with the market economy, to the research on ageism. The results of multilevel regression analyses with World Values Survey data (N = 70,456 individuals in 59 nations) reveal that MM yields the hypothesized, positive relationship with our burden-focused indicator of ageism. Moreover, we observe that countries with high levels of MM—which might be conceptualized as “marketized anomic cultures”—exhibit particularly high levels of this form of ageism.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2022-07-06T07:21:40Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152221102841
- Union brokerage and the gender gap in the labor market: A cross-national
comparative study of associational networks and gendered labor force
participation in OECD countries-
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Authors: Cheol-Sung Lee, Taekyeong Goh
First page: 22
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
This article explores the role of union-centered brokerage in promoting women’s labor force participation in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries for the last three decades. Using two measures of brokerage, a union’s core brokerage role, and its general brokerage role, we attempted to capture the processes by which union activists mobilize and extend women’s rights in associational fields. Then, we tested our key argument that union-centered brokerage plays the most effective role among the different brokerage types in channeling women’s interests by transforming them into wider class-linked or cross-class concerns. Cross-national and comparative case studies demonstrate that union-led brokerage promotes greater presence of women in the economy. Our findings revealed that, when controlling for economic, regional, and cultural factors, both types of brokerage roles impact women’s participation in the labor market and their participation compared to that of men. The overall findings underscore the importance of creating and utilizing solidarity structures through effective channeling mechanisms in civic associational fields between labor-based organizations and other reform-oriented civic groups in achieving egalitarian socioeconomic goals.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2022-07-25T05:44:27Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152221108139
- Can the social dimension of time contribute to explain the public
evaluation of political change' The case of European integration-
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Authors: Thomas Malang
First page: 57
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
According to social theorists of time, the way societies structure and value different aspects of time plays an important role in people’s perception and evaluation of economic, political, and cultural change. I explore if two dimensions of social time—social acceleration and long-term orientation—have an effect on the public evaluation of the speed of European integration. Combining Eurobarometer data for 27 societies with measures for social acceleration and time horizons, the results show distinct patterns for the perception and preferences of European integration. Whereas I find no connection between dimensions of social time and the perceived speed of integration, more social acceleration and cultural long-term orientation lead to a desire for a slower speed of European integration. Even when controlled for other economic and political macro-factors, temporal structures can play a key role in the evaluation of political change in European societies.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2022-07-06T07:23:22Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152221108641
- Couple disagreements and partnership stability in 10 European countries:
Could differences in gender equality explain cross-national variations'-
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Authors: Petr Fučík
First page: 77
Abstract: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Ahead of Print.
This article focuses on the association between couple disagreement and partnership stability. In particular, we explore the mediating role of macrostructural gender inequality on the effect of couple disagreements on partnership stability in a cross-national comparative perspective. We analyzed data from two waves of the Gender and Generations Survey (fielded between 2004 and 2011) to explore the varied effects of couple disagreements on thoughts about breaking up and on the dissolution of cohabiting unions. As we expected, the effect of disagreements on thoughts about dissolution was present in all of the countries, but its strength varied significantly. Surprisingly, only moderate effects were found on dissolution itself. The second step of our analysis showed that the strength of the link between disagreement and stability does not decrease systematically with the level of gender inequality in a given country. This means that an egalitarian environment does not play a mitigating role in the process of transforming conflict into a decision to divorce. Our findings support the argument of gender revolution theory that the unfinished and stalled transformation of gender roles increases rather than relieves the tensions in intimate lives.
Citation: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
PubDate: 2022-08-02T10:07:28Z
DOI: 10.1177/00207152221111437
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