 Subjects -> SOCIOLOGY (Total: 553 journals)
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- Guidelines for implementing and adapting evidence-based interventions with
marginalized youth in schools.-
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Abstract: With growing diversity within the U.S. population and notable barriers to accessing behavioral health care, marginalized youth are placed at risk for developing psychosocial and mental health problems. Promoting evidence-based interventions (EBIs) through school-based mental health services may improve accessibility and quality of care for marginalized youth facing mental health disparities. Culturally sensitive interventions (CSIs) may further improve engagement with and effectiveness of EBIs with marginalized youth. In this article, we provide guidelines for advancing CSIs when implementing and adapting EBIs with marginalized youth in schools. First, we emphasize inclusive strategies for advancing CSIs with marginalized youth in schools, focusing on antiracist adaptations to interventions and using a community-based participatory research approach when implementing EBIs. Following, we discuss techniques for tailoring CSIs to more effectively support marginalized youth and their families with school-based prevention and treatment. Specifically, we recommend using the Adapting Strategies for Promoting Implementation Reach and Equity framework as a guide to promote equitable implementation as well as key strategies for engaging marginalized youth and their families with school-based EBIs. Ultimately, we offer these guidelines to address disparities and inform more equitable practice in youth mental health care—and to motivate future studies advancing culturally responsive services with marginalized youth in schools. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
PubDate: Thu, 13 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1037/ort0000676
- Alone in the shadow of terror: Strategies and internal resources of older
adults living alone in a continuous traumatic situation.-
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Abstract: Continuous traumatic situations (CTS) caused by prolonged exposure to terrorist threat can harm individuals’ mental and physical health. For older adults living alone in CTS, this risk joins the challenges of aging and loneliness, creating a triple vulnerability. No previous research has explored this particular vulnerability and specifically addressed the coping strategies and internal resources used by older adults to manage these stressful circumstances. The present study aimed to fill this lacuna, by exploring how older adults living alone in CTS cope with these challenges and the internal resources that help them do so. In-depth interviews with 15 persons aged 65 + years living alone in Sderot, an Israeli city exposed to a continuous terror threat, were conducted and analyzed thematically. Participants described various coping strategies. Some are deployed at the psychological level: positive thinking, deliberate disengagement, perception of being alone as an advantage, and social comparison; others have behavioral implications: acknowledging reality and dealing with it and “turning it into an engine.” Participants also identified four internal resources that helped them cope: functional independence, faith, character traits, and previous experience with stressful life events. Participants coped with the difficulties of living alone in CTS actively and creatively, relying on various psychological and functional resources. The findings support theories that emphasize older adults’ resilience and ability to cope with stress and trauma, suggesting ways to strengthen the resilience of older adults facing CTS, particularly those living alone. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
PubDate: Mon, 10 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1037/ort0000667
- Mattering, wellness, and fairness: Psychosocial goods for the common good.
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Abstract: Whereas the behavioral and health sciences have been mainly concerned with the private good, there is an urgent need to understand and foster the collective good. Without a coherent framework for the common good, it will be extremely difficult to prevent and manage crises such as pandemics, illness, climate change, poverty, discrimination, injustice, and inequality, all of which affects marginalized populations disproportionally. While frameworks for personal well-being abound in psychology, psychiatry, counseling, and social work, conceptualizations of collective well-being are scarce. Our search for foundations of the common good resulted in the identification of three psychosocial goods: mattering, wellness, and fairness. There are several reasons for choosing them, including the fact that they concurrently advance personal, relational, and collective value. In addition, they represent basic human motivations, have considerable explanatory power, exist at multiple ecological levels, and have significant transformative potential. The complementary nature of the three goods is illustrated in an interactional model. Based on empirical evidence, we suggest that conditions of justice lead to experiences of mattering, which, in turn, enhance wellness. Challenges and opportunities afforded by the model at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, occupational, communal, national, and global levels are presented. The proposed psychosocial goods are used to formulate a culture for the common good in which we balance the right with the responsibility to feel valued and add value, to self and others, in order to promote not just wellness but also fairness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
PubDate: Thu, 06 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1037/ort0000668
- Socioemotional health, trauma exposure, and internalizing symptoms in
students attending an alternative high school.-
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Abstract: Students attending alternative schools often present with internalizing symptoms, likely related to high rates of trauma. Little is known about factors that buffer the relationship between trauma exposure and internalizing symptoms in this population. The present study examined the role of internal (i.e., self-efficacy, self-awareness, persistence) and external resources (i.e., peer support, family coherence, school support) as buffers in the association between trauma exposure and symptoms of depression and anxiety in 113 students (55% female, 91% Black, 8% Hispanic or Latinx, Mage = 18.0, SD = 1.5) attending an alternative school in a large, southeastern city. Results showed that trauma exposure was positively associated with depression and anxiety symptoms, while self-awareness and family coherence were negatively associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. Additionally, significant interactions revealed that trauma exposure was associated with depression symptoms at low but not high levels of self-awareness, and at low but not high levels of family coherence. Understanding strengths to support alternative high school students exposed to trauma is a valuable component of mental health intervention. Future research should investigate ways to cultivate self-awareness and enhance family coherence to address the complex needs of alternative school students. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
PubDate: Thu, 06 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1037/ort0000678
- Distinct profiles of violence victimization and suicide risk: Findings
from a national survey of emerging adults.-
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Abstract: Victims of bullying, dating violence, and child maltreatment are all more likely than their peers to contemplate and attempt suicide in adolescence and young adulthood. However, knowledge of the relationship between violence and suicide risk is primarily limited to studies that isolate certain forms of victimization or examine several forms in additive risk models. We aim to move beyond the findings of basic descriptive studies by investigating whether multiple types of victimization elevate risk for suicide and whether latent profiles of victimization are more strongly related to suicide-related outcomes than are others. Primary data are from the first National Survey on Polyvictimization and Suicide Risk, a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey of emerging adults 18–29 in the United States (N = 1,077). A total of 50.2% of participants identified as cisgender female, followed by 47.4% cisgender male, and 2.3% transgender or nonbinary. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to establish profiles. Suicide-related variables were regressed onto victimization profiles. A four-class solution was determined to be the best fitting model: Interpersonal Violence (IV; 22%), Interpersonal + Structural Violence (I + STV; 7%), Emotional Victimization (EV; 28%), and Low/No Victimization (LV; 43%). Participants in I + STV had increased odds for high suicide risk (odds ratio = 42.05, 95% CI [15.45, 114.42]) compared to those in LV, followed by IV (odds ratio = 8.52, 95% CI [3.47, 20.94]) and EV (odds ratio = 5.17, 95% CI [2.08, 12.87]). Participants in I + STV reported significantly higher odds for nonsuicidal self-injury and suicide attempts compared to most classes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
PubDate: Mon, 27 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1037/ort0000675
- Racial disparities and predictors of functioning in schizophrenia.
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Abstract: Black Americans are diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders at more than twice the rate of White individuals and experience significantly worse outcomes following diagnosis. Little research has examined specific factors that may contribute to worse functional outcomes among Black Americans diagnosed with schizophrenia. One approach to understanding why racial disparities emerge is to examine established predictors of functioning in this population: neurocognition, social cognition, and symptom severity. The present study aims to broaden existing literature on racial differences within these domains by (a) examining racial differences in functioning and these established predictors of functioning (i.e., neurocognition, social, and symptom severity) and (b) investigating whether cognition and symptom domains similarly predict functioning between Black and White Americans with schizophrenia. Sixty-six participants’ baseline neurocognition, social cognition, symptom severity, and functioning were assessed. Black participants demonstrated lower neurocognition scores and higher levels of disorganized symptoms relative to White participants. No racial differences in functioning or social cognition were observed. Further, race did not moderate the relationship between any of these established predictors and functioning outcomes. The largely nonsignificant differences in known predictors of functioning highlight the need to explore further domains that may be more relevant for understanding racial disparities in schizophrenia. Considering that psychosocial treatments for schizophrenia spectrum disorders often focus on cognition, these results underscore the importance of identifying whether these domains or other treatment targets may be better in addressing racial disparities in functioning. Possible areas of exploration for future work (e.g., structural factors, racism-related stress) are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
PubDate: Thu, 16 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1037/ort0000661
- Maternal depressive symptoms and physical intimate partner violence and
children’s internalizing and externalizing behaviors in Guyanese
families: Mediating role of constructive conflict behavior.-
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Abstract: Using models of risk and resilience as a guide, this study examined the mediating role of constructive conflict behaviors on the associations between maternal depressive symptoms, intimate partner violence (IPV), and child behavior problems. The nature of the mediation pathways was also examined for two groups of families, one experiencing high and another experiencing low levels of partner social support. Participants included 196 mothers and their preschool-aged children from diverse ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds in Guyana. Constructive conflict behaviors partially mediated the link between maternal depressive symptoms and children’s externalizing behaviors. Maternal depressive symptoms and physical intimate partner violence were directly related to children’s internalizing behaviors. Constructive conflict behaviors were not a mediator of the association between risk factors and children’s behavioral outcomes for families experiencing high or low levels of partner social support. In the context of families experiencing high partner social support, constructive conflict behaviors appeared to be more effective in reducing children’s externalizing problem behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
PubDate: Thu, 16 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1037/ort0000671
- Mothers’ perceptions of how homelessness and housing interventions
affect their children’s behavioral and educational functioning.-
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Abstract: Children who experience homelessness display substantial variation in outcomes, but little attention has been given to potential mechanisms linking their housing experiences to their functioning. This study explores these mechanisms using qualitative coding of 80 interviews with parents participating in a randomized control trial of housing interventions for families experiencing homelessness. Interviews were conducted an average of 7 months after families entered a homeless shelter, when most families had exited shelters to a variety of other housing options. Many parents described children as faring poorly on behavioral and educational outcomes while in shelters but displaying improvement after leaving the shelter. Parents commonly viewed shelters as contributing to behavioral disruptions, with restored autonomy and routines after exiting shelters contributing to recovery in functioning. Parents offered long-term rental subsidies viewed having a stable, adequate place of their own as helping their children fare better from reduced family stress, improved routines, and changes in children’s expectations about stability. Findings indicate the importance of understanding differences in housing stability and quality among families who experience homelessness for how children fare—including differences in how housing interventions affect stability and quality. Policies expanding access to long-term rental subsidies could help improve outcomes for children. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
PubDate: Thu, 09 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1037/ort0000670
- Hurricane stress, cultural stress, and mental health among hurricane Maria
migrants in the U.S. mainland.-
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Abstract: Hurricane Maria (2017) caused great damage to Puerto Rico, undermining people’s quality of life and forcing thousands to migrate to the U.S. mainland. Identifying individuals at elevated risk of suffering mental health problems as a function of being exposed to hurricane and cultural stress is crucial to reducing the burden of such health outcomes. The present study was conducted in 2020–2021 (3–4 years postdisaster) with 319 adult Hurricane Maria survivors on the U.S. mainland. We aimed to (a) identify latent stress subgroups, as defined by hurricane stress and cultural stress, and (b) map these latent stress subgroups or classes onto sociodemographic characteristics and mental health indicators (i.e., symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety). We used latent profile analysis and multinomial regression modeling to accomplish the study aims. We extracted four latent classes: (a) low hurricane stress/low cultural stress (44.7%), (b) low hurricane stress/moderate cultural stress (38.7%), (c) high hurricane stress/moderate cultural stress (6.3%), and (d) moderate hurricane stress/high cultural stress (10.4%). Individuals in the low hurricane stress/low cultural stress class reported the highest household incomes and levels of English-language proficiency. The moderate hurricane stress/high cultural stress class reported the worst mental health outcomes. While postmigration cultural stress, as a chronic stressor, emerged as the most important predictor of poor mental health, hurricane stress, as an acute stressor that occurred several years earlier, emerged as less influential. Our findings might be used to inform mental health prevention experts who work with natural disaster survivors forced to migrate. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
PubDate: Mon, 20 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1037/ort0000669
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