 Subjects -> SOCIOLOGY (Total: 553 journals)
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- Natural Resource Project – Induced Displacement and Resettlement and Its
Influence on the Subjective Well-being of Households Displaced by Titanium
Mining in the Southern Coast of Kenya-
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Abstract: Natural resource project-induced displacement and resettlement (NRP-IDR) programmes are normally conducted to resettle displaced families in new areas away from their original areas to pave way for development. Involuntary resettlement programmes tend to have adverse impacts on the affected communities, even though they normally contribute to the economy of the area and the country. This research studied the effects of Tiomin resettlement programme in Kenya’s southern coast on the subjective well-being of the displaced households. The programme was meant for resettling communities displaced by Titanium mining. A stratified random sample of 168 households from three ethnic communities was interviewed using a pretested structured questionnaire. The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The subjective well-being of the resettled communities was found to be of medium level (5.0 to 6.99) with a mean of 6.43 on a scale of 1 to 10. Statistical significant positive influences were found to exist between the subjective well-being of the settlers and infrastructural development (β = .871, p = .001) and social capital of the displaced households (β = .410, p = .006), while significant negative influence was found between the household number (β = -.265, p = .001) and wellbeing. The programme lacked programme coordination from an agency. It was concluded that infrastructure and community social capital could be useful in enhancing the well-being of the resettled communities and recommended that they be given priority in assisting the resettled communities. The provision of a coordinating agency for the resettlement programme was found to be a major requirement.
PubDate: 2023-05-10
- Governmentality Versus Community: The Impact of the COVID Lockdowns
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Abstract: The COVID lockdowns were characterised by new forms of governmentality as lives were disrupted and controlled through the vertical transmission of biopolitics by the state. The paper considers how this was experienced by academics in 11 different countries through analysis of diaries written during the first lockdown. The paper asks if communities can offer an alternative to governmentality by looking at three levels: the national, the neighbourhood and the personal. Whilst at a national level the idea of community was instrumentalised to encourage compliance to extraordinary measures, at the local level community compassion through helping neighbours encouraged horizontal connections that could offer a “space” within the dominant logic of governmentality. At the level of personal communities, the digitalisation of social relationships helped to create supportive networks over widely dispersed areas but these were narrowly rather than widely focused, avoiding critical discussion.
PubDate: 2023-05-09
- Strategies for Survival in an Informal Economy: Illegalities of Zimbabwean
Informal Cross Border Traders at Ports of Entries in Southern Africa-
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Abstract: Informal Cross Border Trade (ICBT) is mostly conducted by poor, vulnerable, small and unregistered traders who end up practising illegal activities in order to earn a livelihood and for the business to thrive. They often do not have official export/import license or permit within a defined threshold and this creates many impediments at international borders which oblige them to engage in illegal and corrupt behaviours. There is little comprehensive research about the illegalities of informal cross border traders and whether these illegalities improve the operation of ICBT or it ruins the business. This research examines the illegalities practised by informal cross border traders (ICBTs) in Zimbabwe to understand their nature, geographical spread, benefits and risks. A qualitative approach was used whereby in-depth interviews were undertaken with 30 informal cross border traders using snowball sampling. Traders who imported from Mozambique, Botswana, South Africa and Zambia were selected to participate in the study in order to document various illegalities performed at diverse national borders. Results revealed that traders engage in many illegal activities both at the national borders and in transit when confronted by Zimbabwe Revenue Authority officials and other security state organs. It was revealed that many traders use illegal ports of entry when importing their goods and that they rarely declare their goods at official border posts. The research recommends the government to proffer conditions that are manageable for the small scale traders to be registered so that illegal activities and corruption in the country can be lessened and also for the government to obtain meaningful tax from this sector.
PubDate: 2023-05-04
- Perspectives – Social Change from the Inside Out. From Fixation to
Foundation. From Competition to Change-
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Abstract: After a brief overview of the author’s journey as a humanitarian and researcher, this article offers an introduction in the why, how, and what of a new multidisciplinary paradigm to understand (and improve) human behavior at the individual and collective levels called POZE. The logic of POZE underpins five books that appear at Palgrave/Springer in 2020/21. It is based on the understanding that human existence results from four dimensions, soul, heart, mind, and body, which find their expression in aspirations, emotions, thoughts, and sensations. Through their four-dimensionality individuals are symmetrical to the four dimensions that shape the society, which they are part of. Individuals are the micro entity of a four-dimensional collective reality that encompasses communities and institutions in the meso-dimension, and countries and economies in the macro-dimension. Altogether micro, meso and macro are integral parts of the meta dimension, Planet Earth; the latter also includes non-anthropocentric aspects such as Nature. POZE provides insights about the multiple dynamics that shape our individual and collective experience. Moreover, it provides practical guidance to optimize the interplay between them. As a result of this understanding, it posits that change is possible. Moving towards a fair inclusive world, characterized by a life of quality for everyone 1) is at reach; 2) is achievable; 3) involves everyone as both a right-holder and duty-bearer; and 4) is to the benefit of everyone. POZE has four meanings: it i) translates as ‘inner peace’ from Haitian Creole, country where the dynamic began in 2017; ii) is an acronym that encompasses the four core concepts of the paradigm (Purpose, Om, Zoom, Expression); iii) is a representation of the four outcomes of the logic (Perspective, Optimization, Zenith, Exposure); finally it iv) stands for an exercise to nurture inner peace daily (Pause, Observe, Zoom in, Experience). These will be explored further in the article.
PubDate: 2023-03-01
- Review of Happiness, Well-Being, and Sustainability: A Course in Systems
Change-
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PubDate: 2022-12-12
DOI: 10.1007/s42413-022-00187-1
- Review of the Australia Quality of Life Center
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Abstract: The Australian Quality of Life Center (ACQol) was established to study evidence-based measures for quality of life. Within this review, the Center’s contributions to developing theory and empirical evidence are evaluated, particularly in the context of modern global change. This review concludes with the benefits of the ACQol and the challenges presented to most modern organizations trying to measure, assess, and establish evidence-based measures for quality of life.
PubDate: 2022-12-12
DOI: 10.1007/s42413-022-00188-0
- Bridging and Bonding: A Case for Prioritizing Social and Organizational
Connectedness in Non-Profit Literacy Programming-
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Abstract: The present study contributes to the existing literature by highlighting the ways in which non-profit community literacy organizations can benefit individuals and communities in ways that transcend their stated missions. We employed a qualitative research design whereby data were collected via in-depth individual interviews and focus groups with program users (n = 72), staff (n = 11), and program leads (n = 8). Findings revealed that, in addition to supporting traditionally defined notions of literacy, programs presented participants with opportunities to cultivate bridging and bonding social capital. By way of the conditions created and programmatic measures employed within programs, bridging social capital often strengthened into deeper bonding ties between and amongst service users and, in many cases, staff and volunteers. Administrators and staff described efforts to create program cultures conducive to the development of social capital. The research illuminates how non-profit community entities can empower individual service users and their communities beyond their stated missions by fostering social and organizational connectedness, promoting communal cohesion and social trust, and cultivating typically unacknowledged talents, strengths and assets within marginalized communities.
PubDate: 2022-11-22
DOI: 10.1007/s42413-022-00186-2
- Doomed to Consume' Non-satiation as a Flaw in the Current Economic
Paradigm and What Communities Can Do About It-
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Abstract: The axiom of insatiability within economic theory states that needs, wants and desires can never be satisfied. This axiom drives the utility function upon which most economic policy is based. Non-satiation is not a natural human condition but rather a theoretical and cultural construction. Non-satiation is a myth that has been taken as truth in traditional economic theory. In this paper, we deconstruct the myth of non-satiation and relate its impact on the goals of human well-being and sustainable development. This paper is written for community organisers and change agents with the goal of helping them to understand a foundational premise driving the current economic paradigm and what they can do about it. In this paper, we explain some basic economic theory in simple terms for the reader who is not a trained economist so that they may gain an understanding of the underpinnings of economic theory that drives current economic policies and practices, and inspiration for changing the dominant economic paradigm.
PubDate: 2022-10-27
DOI: 10.1007/s42413-022-00182-6
- Application of the PERMA Model of Well-being in Undergraduate Students
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Abstract: The PERMA model was introduced by Seligman in 2011 to increase and measure well-being. This model defines well-being in terms of Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment (PERMA). Mental health concerns are common in undergraduate students and may prevent them from obtaining optimal well-being. The purpose of this study was to test whether all five PERMA elements of well-being could be constructed from items within the 2018 Purdue University Student Experience at a Research University (SERU) survey. Using confirmatory factor analysis, all five PERMA constructs were supported and demonstrated good model fit statistics. A second order PERMA well-being construct was built and demonstrated adequate model fit with RMSEA = 0.04. All five constructs were significant at p < .001. Accomplishment had the highest factor loading (0.76) and Meaning had the lowest factor loading (0.25). Results for this study support use of well-being theory in the context of undergraduate students and provides enhanced understanding of well-being characteristics in this population.
PubDate: 2022-10-26
DOI: 10.1007/s42413-022-00184-4
- Editors’ Introduction
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PubDate: 2022-10-14
DOI: 10.1007/s42413-022-00185-3
- Experienced-Based Food Insecurity and Subjective Happiness: A Case Study
of Socioeconomically Disadvantaged People in Three Urban Areas of
Indonesia-
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Abstract: Experienced-based food insecurity is one of the critical aspects to judge people's well-being. However, its association with subjective happiness has remained unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relation and contribution of household food insecurity status on subjective happiness. A paper-based survey was conducted in a total of 150 socioeconomically disadvantaged households in three megacities in Indonesia (Jakarta, Bandung, and Surabaya). The main scales adapted were the Experience-Based Food Security Scale (EBFSS) and the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS). In this study, logistic regression models were employed. Experiencing food insecurity explained participants' lower levels of subjective happiness. The results indicate that the subjective well-being of socioeconomically disadvantaged people can also be improved through food security-oriented strategies.
PubDate: 2022-10-03
DOI: 10.1007/s42413-022-00181-7
- A Policy Review of the SEED (Stockton Economic Empowerment Demonstration)
Project: Is the Devil in the Details'-
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Abstract: This review examines the Stockton Economic Empowerment Demonstration (SEED) project, a guaranteed income (GI) project that was undertaken in Stockton, California from 2019- 2021. SEED is a collaborative initiative by the Mayor’s Office of Stockton, the Reinvent Stockton Foundation (RSF), and the Economic Security Project (ESF). The purpose of the SEED project was to ascertain the effects of guaranteed income on the well-being of the project recipients, with a focus on the effects of a UBI on participants’ financial and psychological health. This review will study the potential benefits and challenges involved in implementing such a project, from political, social and economic perspectives. The review will also examine a UBI project’s long- and short-term viability, and its impact on a city, and the project’s beneficiaries. The review will aim to provide a balanced understanding of guaranteed income projects, and the means by which they affect recipients as well as other stakeholders, and the possibilities of implementing guaranteed income on a larger scale.
PubDate: 2022-09-13
DOI: 10.1007/s42413-021-00145-3
- Neighbourhood Conditions and Quality of Life Among Local and Immigrant
Population in Norway-
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Abstract: This paper explores the relationship between the quality of life and neighbourhood characteristics among immigrant and local population in Storhaug (Stavanger) and Grünerløkka (Oslo), two Norwegian neighbourhoods. The neighbourhood conditions have been analysed and inhabitants have been interviewed to collect objective and subjective data. Several dimensions have been considered, e.g., physical, environmental, mobility and psychological, with different indicators defining them. Objective data related to the physical layout, green spaces, transport system or environmental aspects are studied and complemented with the subjective information such as the satisfaction of the participants with these aspects. The data collection thus includes geographic, personal and qualitative data, and is analysed with the help of geographic and statistical analysis. Differences between the population groups and between the case study neighbourhoods are determined, being possible to conclude that specific neighbourhood conditions influence participants’ quality of life in these Norwegian minor settings. The local participants in this study are the ones taking more advantage of the physical, environmental and mobility dimensions at their residential area and reporting higher perceived quality of life. The results presented can provide relevant information for the effective and efficient planning and development of residential environments.
PubDate: 2022-09-05
DOI: 10.1007/s42413-022-00183-5
- Review of the Book Humanitarian Work, Social Change, and Human Behavior.
Compassion for Change By Cornelia Walther (2020)-
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PubDate: 2022-09-01
DOI: 10.1007/s42413-021-00116-8
- A Conceptual Framework to Visualise Liveability
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Abstract: The paper presents an alternative conceptual framework to theorise urban liveability. It reviews two urban liveability measurement methodologies to identify the existing understanding of liveability in practice and literature. The paper highlights the lacunas of theorising liveability through the utility-based approaches and proposes a framework to establish liveability through a non-utilitarian approach. It adopts the central argument of the capability approach to insinuate liveability through human well-being, functioning, capability, and freedom. In present literature Amartya Sen, Martha Nussbaum, Sabina Alkire have discussed the capability approach extensively. It also discusses the ethical arguments of John Rawls and the egalitarian considerations of Ronald Dworkin to establish the uniqueness of the capability approach and to theorise liveability. The paper contributes toward a structured and systematic review of the existing methods to theorise and measure liveability and presents a comprehensive conceptual alternative framework to measure liveability.
PubDate: 2022-08-25
DOI: 10.1007/s42413-022-00178-2
- Examining the Impact of COVID-19 on Upper Manhattan Community-Based
Organizations: A Qualitative Analysis of Employee Focus Groups-
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Abstract: Community-based organizations (CBOs) play a key role in assisting local communities, especially those in under-resourced areas, through their deep knowledge of the community’s needs and available resources. We examined perceptions of COVID-19’s impact on health-related services in CBOs located in Upper Manhattan, New York City (serving East Harlem, Central Harlem, Morningside Heights and Hamilton Heights, and Washington Heights and Inwood). Three focus groups were conducted on Zoom in November 2020; focus groups were composed of participants employed at CBOs in this catchment area. Deidentified interview transcripts were evaluated using an iterative process of thematic content analysis. We identified five major themes related to the impact of COVID-19 on community needs: 1) increased mistrust and decreased service utilization, 2) breakdowns in communication, 3) shift in need, 4) increased risk factors for negative health outcomes among staff and community, and 5) decreased funding and an uncertain future. Because of the pandemic, CBOs have pivoted to cater to the immediate and changing needs of the community and, in doing so, revised their menu of services as well as their service delivery model. In trying to maintain connectivity with and the trust of community members, participants had to construct novel strategies and develop new outreach strategies; participants also recognized the role strain of trying to balance community needs with home responsibilities. Given these findings, concern arises around the long-term health and well-being of community members and participants. The government must provide the necessary resources to ensure the viability of CBOs and create a stronger infrastructure for future emergencies.
PubDate: 2022-08-23
DOI: 10.1007/s42413-022-00180-8
- Analyzing the Causal Model between Place Attachment and Social
Participation in Residences through the Mediation of Social Cohesion-
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Abstract: The present study takes advantage of data gathered from residents of Qeytarieh Tehran to explore the relationship between place attachment (PA) and social participation (SP) in neighborhoods through the mediating role of social cohesion (SC). To do so, a survey was conducted on 402 respondents from the Qeytarieh neighborhood, and the collected data were analyzed using a causal model. The results of this study indicate a strong direct relationship between place attachment and social participation. The study further finds a significant indirect relationship between place attachment and social participation. Social cohesion mediates and catalyzes the impact of the indirect relationship between place attachment and social participation. Furthermore, the model displays a high level of goodness of fit to the study data. The study concludes with implications for academics and practitioners.
PubDate: 2022-08-19
DOI: 10.1007/s42413-022-00179-1
- Income and Health Perceptions in an Economically Disadvantaged Community:
A Qualitative Case Study from Central Florida-
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Abstract: The link between income and adverse health outcomes continues to be problematic among racially and economically segregated urban communities. Although the consequences of living in areas of concentrated disadvantage have been delineated, there is a dearth of knowledge on how citizens from such areas perceive the effects of neighborhood characteristics on their individual and community health. This qualitative study explored how minority residents ( N = 23) viewed the intersectionality of income and health within their urban neighborhoods of economic distress. Focus groups were conducted using semi-structured interviews to better understand health concerns, needs, and barriers for individuals and their community. The main finding highlighted how residents desired to be healthy, but economic barriers prevented them from maintaining a healthy lifestyle and diet. While residing in a concentrated disadvantaged community, lack of income and power contributed to stress and fear that forced residents to prioritize survival over their wellbeing. Implications for improving individual and community health include operating within a systems framework to affect collective efficacy and empowerment among residents of low-income neighborhoods.
PubDate: 2022-08-18
DOI: 10.1007/s42413-022-00177-3
- Halting COVID-19 Requires Collective, Decentralized, and Community-Led
Responses-
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Abstract: Many global health organizations are reliant on the funding provided by a few dozen high-income countries, making them fiscally insecure and fragile, especially during times of global crises. The COVID-19 pandemic could be an opportunity to move away from this status quo to a more decentralized, multipolar, and community-led approach. The global health community can take four immediate steps in response to the pandemic to start that paradigm shift now: support more regional and country-specific responses, convince national and regional business houses and philanthropies to make up for response funding shortfalls, leverage public health advocacy to improve investments in public health infrastructure, and put community leaders and members at the frontlines of mitigation efforts.
PubDate: 2022-06-09
DOI: 10.1007/s42413-022-00171-9
- Community Food Security: The Multi-Level Association Between Social
Capital, Economic Capital, and Diet Quality-
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Abstract: Diet quality varies widely across geographic areas in the United States and is a critical component of community well-being. Community food security (CFS) relates to the availability, stability, and access to food at the community level, and how these issues connect to the community food production system. This study explores the joint relationship between community social capital, economic capital, and individual diet quality. Hierarchical generalized linear mixed model regression using publicly available data from 2005–2009. The sample consisted of 216,381 adult respondents nested within 283 micro/metropolitan counties. After controlling for individual level factors, social network density was significantly associated fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC), but not obesity. However, income inequality was associated with greater rates of FVC and lower likelihood of obesity. County-level poverty rates were not associated with FVC but had a negative relationship with probability of obesity. Household size, a proxy for household social capital, was positively associated with FVC and negatively related to probability of obesity. Findings from this study suggest a strong role for social capital and economic factors in CFS. This study also reinforces the importance of strengthening theoretical explanations of the role social capital at the community and household levels play in CFS to guide practice and evaluation for community well-being initiatives.
PubDate: 2022-06-07
DOI: 10.1007/s42413-022-00170-w
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