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- Ecosystem services provision through nature-based solutions: A sustainable
development pathway to environmental stewardship as evidenced in the
Protecting Lake Hawassa Partnership in Ethiopia-
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Abstract: Abstract The imperative to foster environmental stewardship amidst escalating challenges has driven the adoption of nature-based solutions (NBS) for landscape restoration. This paper explores the implementation and impacts of ecohydrological NBS interventions within the context of sustainable development, focusing on restoring locally valued ecosystem services and catalyzing environmental stewardship to drive environmental, economic, and social sustainability. It posits that if development interventions effectively deliver ecosystem services valuable to stakeholders, impacted communities are likely to support local environmental protection. Ethiopia’s Protecting Lake Hawassa Partnership (PLHP) employed a participatory approach guided by the Natural Resources Risk and Action Framework (NRAF) to engage a diverse network of local stakeholders in restoring and protecting the watershed. Implemented ecohydrological NBS enhanced ecosystem functionality in targeted hillslopes, gullies, and degraded farmlands. Multiple ecosystem services addressing soil erosion, water scarcity, and agricultural productivity were delivered, including productivity enhancement, flood regulation, land preservation, co-benefits from plantation, and moisture conservation. Landscape Functionality Analysis (LFA) revealed significant improvements in ecosystem stability, infiltration, and nutrient cycling. Qualitative assessments of the communities’ perception of ecosystem services emphasized the importance of aligning development project outcomes with local needs. Results underscored the robust nexus between NBS, ecosystem services, and environmental stewardship, highlighting the role of perceived benefits in fostering community engagement. The study advocates that environmental management practices, including NBS, which tangibly improve ecosystem services prioritized by local communities, drive stewardship and, therefore, the long-term sustainability of improved environmental protection. Further research is warranted to explore the scalability and cost-effectiveness of NBS interventions in diverse socioeconomic contexts, and to enhance understanding of trade-offs and synergies between economic development, ecological conservation, and social equity in development projects.
PubDate: 2024-08-06
DOI: 10.1007/s42532-024-00193-x
- Scaling up in community forest enterprises: the case of central Mexico
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Abstract: Abstract For community forest enterprises (CFEs) in central Mexico, ‘scaling up’ can be an effective means of achieving the transition to economically attractive and sustainable forest management, but little is known about the potential and challenges that they face in this regard. We used a qualitative case study to evaluate a set of variables that determine the limitations and opportunities for scaling up CFEs in central Mexico and thereby expanding their commercial capacities, activities and outputs. The framework included concepts related to sustainable forest management, natural resource governance and temperate forest ecology. We interviewed leaders of four communities (n = 30) and 15 external actors (regional industry, and national non-governmental organizations). Communities that had developed long-term plans for forest management that embrace conservation values were also those with the greatest capacity to generate sustainable income streams from diverse sources. The robust legal frameworks and community institutions that set up procedures for responsibly harvesting and selling timber, thereby generating income, offer opportunities to enhance the effectiveness of CFEs. Demand continues to grow for wood products involving skilled crafts in central Mexico, but local production remains low; a lack of access to finance imposes limits on investment in the forests and value-added options for the products and services. Market opportunities and growth are also restricted by substandard physical infrastructure (e.g., roads, electricity) limited access to finance (e.g., credit, private-sector investors), and an absence of business plans. There are no formal networks to facilitate learning among these CFEs. Scaling up for these CFEs will require access to markets, innovations, and finance to create sustainable value chains for wood and non-wood forest products. The Mexican government could be instrumental in this by incorporating the notion of scaling up for CFEs when enacting policy that builds on and supports the country’s proven models of community-based forest management. On the other hand, this approach can be useful for developing more robust theoretical and methodological frameworks that capture these complex dynamics, contribute to the theory and practice of enterprise forestry development, sustainable natural resource management, and effective policy formulation.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
DOI: 10.1007/s42532-024-00192-y
- Interviews with researchers and practitioners who collaborate with
Indigenous groups in the United States: Are climate change adaptation
frameworks helpful'-
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Abstract: Abstract Indigenous groups in the United States are the highest at-risk group for climate change impacts due to a history of ongoing colonial disenfranchisement, displacement to high-risk locations, and a loss of traditional subsistence practices. In the last 14 years, four frameworks have emerged for guiding climate-based collaborations with Indigenous groups: The Guiding Principles on Climigration, Justice Forward, Human Rights, and WAMPUM, two of which were Indigenous-authored. However, no known studies have examined whether or how these frameworks are used in practice. This paper explores how researchers, practitioners, and Indigenous groups in the US are attempting to navigate complex, often unaligned, social forces integral to climate change adaptation through the application of collaborative frameworks. Using qualitative inductive analysis of interview data, themes emerge demonstrating the current approaches used in tribal engagement by NGOs, government agencies, and academic institutions. The results suggest principles for just collaboration: relationship building, Indigenous representation on projects, respecting tribal leadership, and providing tangible community benefits.
PubDate: 2024-06-25
DOI: 10.1007/s42532-024-00186-w
- Gaining insights into environmental impacts of India’s financial markets
and institutions with the ARDL approach-
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Abstract: Abstract This research delves into the intricate interplay between the advancement of financial development and carbon emissions, focusing on the role of green growth in India. Through rigorous analysis, the study observes that the variables under scrutiny exhibit a mixed order of integration, as confirmed by the unit root tests. Further, employing the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, the present study examines the role of various facets of adopting financial development (financial institutions and financial markets) on carbon emissions in India. Moreover, employing the ARDL bounding F-test, the study reveals a long-run equilibrium relationship in the model. Further, the investigations reveal that the short- and long-run elasticities of financial development on carbon emissions provide mixed results. The finding shows that financial institutions have a positive and statistically significant impact on carbon emissions, which suggests that an increase in financial institutions leads to a rise in carbon emissions in India both in the short and long run. However, the financial market has a negative impact on carbon emissions in India. The study findings hold great importance for policymakers as they provide valuable insights into the intricate impact of financial development on environmental pollution in India. This paves the way for implementing specific policies to enhance financial development and reduce carbon emissions in India.
PubDate: 2024-06-21
DOI: 10.1007/s42532-024-00191-z
- Ensuring sustainable livelihoods and inclusive growth of Indian
smallholder farmers through organic farming: a systematic literature
review-
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Abstract: Abstract In the contemporary era, chemical-based farming provides maximum production for short-term fulfillment of human needs but imposes serious negative implications on the environment, ecology, livelihoods, and growth of smallholder farmers. To reduce environmental degradation, soil erosion, and agroecological biodiversity loss, organic farming practices have emerged as a slogan in India to ensure the inclusive growth and sustainable livelihoods of smallholder farmers. However, there is a dearth of systematic reviews that seek to answer how smallholder and marginal farmers in India foster inclusive growth and sustainable livelihoods by practicing organic farming. Thus, we undertake this study to delve into the impact of organic farming on fostering sustainable livelihoods and inclusive growth for these farmers. To facilitate the study objective, we performed a systematic literature review by using the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis” protocol of the past decade. The findings of our study reveal that organic farming ensures sustainable livelihoods and inclusive growth for Indian smallholders. Reduced input costs increase their profit margin, and premium prices for their organic products enhance their inclusive growth and economic well-being. However, owing to its major constraints, such as lack of domestic market facilities, high labour inputs, and lower yields farmers may or may not realize profit through this farming while cultivating for commercial purposes. The findings and the major gaps identified in this review will certainly provide a way forward for effective policy formulations and an avenue for future research.
PubDate: 2024-06-18
DOI: 10.1007/s42532-024-00190-0
- An open letter to the United Nations and the SEPR community about pursuing
SDGs in the age of democratic backsliding-
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PubDate: 2024-06-12
DOI: 10.1007/s42532-024-00185-x
- Assessing ecosystem services in wetlands through importance–performance
analysis: evidence from lower Gangetic plain region, India-
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Abstract: Abstract The wetland ecosystem plays a crucial role in both ecological potentiality and human wellbeing by providing essential ecosystem services. To truly understand the socio-economic complexities of local communities within wetland landscapes, it is essential to delve into the realm of their satisfaction availing these services. In this context, the perceptions of the local people regarding the importance and performance of ecosystem services become pivotal determinants for effective ecosystem service management. Therefore, the current study aims to identify and assess ecosystem services in six wetlands located in the Murshidabad district, which is part of the lower Gangetic plain region in India. This will be achieved by employing the Rapid Assessment of Wetland Ecosystem Services and Importance-Performance Analysis methods. This study involves comprehensive surveys, semi-structured interviews, and participatory exercises conducted with a total of 205 households in six wetlands surrounding villages from 2021 to 2023. The importance and performance of ecosystem services are categorized into four quadrants: Quadrant I (high perceived importance and performance), Quadrant II (low perceived importance and high perceived performance), Quadrant III (low perceived importance and performance), and Quadrant IV (high perceived importance and low perceived performance).The results indicate that Balagachi Damus and Bangsabati Beel exhibit more than 80% of ecosystem services in Quadrant I, signifying both high perceived importance and performance. In contrast, Chaltiya Beel, Ahiran Lake, and Bishnupur are three wetlands where over 24% of the ecosystem services fall into Quadrant IV, indicating high importance but low perceived performance. Notably, Chaltiya Beel is the sole wetland with nearly 18% of ecosystem services falling into Quadrant III. The study further establishes four prioritization levels (high, medium, low, and very low) for ecosystem services. Waste disposal, Jute retting, water supply (drinking and bathing), and maintenance of hydrological regimes emerge as highly prioritized, while microclimate regulation, carbon sequestration, and nutrient cycling are deemed low priority. The validation of the results emphasizes that Bishnupur and Chaltiya Beel, lacking riverine connections suffer from significant water pollution and act as a barrier to the flow of ecosystem services. It also reveals that where as the average improvement index is low for Balagachi Damus (0.15), it is high for Ahiran Lake (0.66). Consequently, wetland priority based on the average improvement index is ranked as follows: Ahiran (very high), Chhatiani Beel, Bishnupur Beel, Bangsabati Beel, Chaltiya Beel, and Balagachi Damus (very low). These findings serve as valuable guidance for policymakers for prioritizing the protection of wetlands and wetland-based ecosystem services.
PubDate: 2024-06-08
DOI: 10.1007/s42532-024-00189-7
- Integrating Fail-Safe and Safe-to-Fail practices in resilience planning
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Abstract: Abstract Resilience planning has gained significant attention from scholars and practitioners. However, most resilience planning based on either engineering resilience or ecological resilience concepts have shown deficiency in the face of the uncertainty of disturbances. One major reason is that those resilience planning practices follow the Fail-Safe view which assumes the purpose of action is to protect existing functions and the consequence of planning is predictable. We argue that Fail-Safe resilience needs to be complemented with Safe-to-Fail-based resilience thinking, which requires accepting that changes are an intrinsic system property, and the future is uncertain. Disasters are signals of deficiencies in the existing system, therefore, we ought to implement Safe-to-Fail resilience planning in two areas. First, we need to build evolutionary resilience capacity to treat uncertainties as opportunities to improve system adaptability and transformation capabilities. Second, we need to pay attention to the broad consequences of planned actions because they can induce disturbance to the socio-ecological system we live in.
PubDate: 2024-06-07
DOI: 10.1007/s42532-024-00188-8
- Transdisciplinary approaches assessing unmanaged urban green spaces reveal
benefits for biodiversity and people-
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Abstract: Abstract Rapid urbanization is projected for African cities at the cost of urban green space, which could jeopardize biodiversity and human benefits. Studies focusing specifically on human–green space relationships in the Global South are lacking, and the validity of extrapolating results from studies in the Global North remains questionable and cannot provide local context-specific design solutions. This study combines methods and perspectives from ecology and human geography with landscape design to better understand the benefits for biodiversity and people derived from unmanaged green spaces in the City of Tshwane, South Africa. Based on empirical data from two unmanaged green space areas in disadvantaged communities, we identify benefits for biodiversity and people and define guidelines for inclusive trans-disciplinary interventions. We combine information from a vegetation survey, a community survey of 200 respondents and a rapid assessment of multifunctional benefit provision to formulate in holistic landscape design proposals. We show that the sites have biodiversity value and provide habitat for > 169 different plant species, including protected species, and smaller wildlife. Residents use the spaces for utility, passive and active leisure, and > 76% of residents benefit from the use of these spaces. However, the integrity and provision of benefits from green spaces are threatened by pollution, safety concerns, biological invasions, and land conversion. Context-specific designs could be developed by merging methods across disciplines and involving local stakeholders to integrate the multifunctionality of socioecological benefits into landscape interventions. Collaboration across ecology, human geography and landscape design generates multifunctional perspectives of unmanaged green spaces that consider benefits for biodiversity and disadvantaged communities.
PubDate: 2024-06-05
DOI: 10.1007/s42532-024-00184-y
- Replacing diesel with biogas in decentralized electricity generation
systems: a feasibility assessment from workers’ perspective with a
modified Human Development Index (HDI) approach-
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Abstract: Abstract Despite Brazil's high electricity universalization rates, around 1 million Amazon inhabitants need access to this service. An environmentally sustainable way of solving the problem is using biogas from agricultural residues as fuel for electricity cogeneration. This study explores the social effects of this solution, aiming to support more sustainable development for the Brazilian Amazon based on the conscious use of resources and the active involvement of the local population. We compare the social performance of diesel electricity generation (the current scenario) with that of biogas-operated systems for three locations in the Amazon: Aveiro, Porto de Moz, and Prainha. To this end, the following steps were carried out: (i) characterize the analysis scenarios, (ii) determine the personnel associated with each project, (iii) estimate normalized social performance indices considering aspects such as health, education, and income, for the calculation of the Workers' Human Development Index (W-HDI) in different situations, and (iv) analyze the results and formulate a recommendation. The disparities between W-HDI values for the renewable and non-renewable scenarios were less than 10%, even though a slightly better effect concerning diesel systems was observed for Aveiro and Prainha. Conversely, a local biogas energy generation system can generate up to 6 times more wages and 5.5 times more jobs, exhibiting a great potential to reduce social inequalities in these traditionally poor regions. The W-HDI proved a valuable metric for measuring social impacts for a sector devoid of data like the one analyzed herein.
PubDate: 2024-06-03
DOI: 10.1007/s42532-024-00187-9
- Nature’s values in marine resource governance: an ethnographic case
study of rockweed in Norway-
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Abstract: Abstract This article addresses the shortcomings in the governance of the Norwegian macroscopic brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum (rockweed) that appeared when approaching rockweed as a socio-ecologic object in the Vega archipelago on the Norwegian Helgeland coast. A common seaweed along the Norwegian coast, rockweed constitutes an important species in Norway’s ‘blue forests’. Historically, rockweed harvesting was an important source of income for the local coastal population in Norway. Although not comparable to the newer and expanding kelp industry, rockweed harvesting is still profitable along the coast. Despite revived attention from the seaweed industry, state management of rockweed in 2024 is conspicuously absent. Combined with the lack of scientific knowledge of the consequences of rockweed harvesting on the local coastal ecosystems, the responsibility for ensuring sustainable harvesting of rockweed lies with the industry itself. On Vega, however, where rockweed is a highly valued and contested coastal species with a high economic, ecologic, and cultural significance, rockweed harvesting was a conflicted issue. In approaching rockweed as a socio-ecologic object from ‘below’, the article identifies hegemonic structures and discourses in Norwegian marine governance, suggesting how a narrow definition of ‘value’ comes to matter—not only for rockweed—but for sustainable governance of all marine and coastal ecosystems. This article is also an important contribution to the burgeoning interdisciplinary research on nature’s values, power, and knowledge in environmental management.
PubDate: 2024-05-24
DOI: 10.1007/s42532-024-00183-z
- Bridging Cree knowledge and Western science to understand the decline in
hunting success of migratory Canada geese-
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Abstract: Abstract Canada goose (Branta canadensis) is one of the main waterfowl species harvested by Cree hunters in James Bay, Canada. Land users who hunt geese along coastal Eeyou Istchee (Eastern James Bay, Quebec) report that they are now much less successful in harvesting sub-arctic breeding geese (B. c. interior) than in the 1980s, especially during the fall hunting season. We followed a mixed-methods triangulation design in which we simultaneously gathered Indigenous and scientific knowledge. For the Indigenous knowledge, we conducted semi-structured interviews with Cree land users who shared their knowledge about how the goose populations that stage in Eeyou Istchee have changed within living memory. They attributed their reduced hunting success to fewer migrating geese and modification of their behavior. They also identified many environmental changes, especially the decline of eelgrass (Zostera marina), that may have affected the number, distribution, and migration patterns of Canada geese along the coastal Eeyou Istchee in the past 50 years. We complemented this information using waterfowl study techniques including aerial surveys, band recovery analyses, and GPS tracking of individually marked geese. Habitat changes both at the local scale in Eeyou Istchee and in other parts of the staging and wintering ranges of Canada geese, natural and human disturbances along the coast, and a gradual increase in molt migrant temperate breeding Canada geese (B. c. maxima) likely resulted in changes in habitat use and migration patterns of sub-arctic breeding Canada geese along the James Bay east coast. By bridging Cree knowledge and Western science, we identified the various factors that affect the harvest success of Eeyou Istchee goose hunters. Such an approach should be encouraged when Indigenous peoples rely upon migratory bird or mammal species that spend only a portion of their annual cycle within the hunting territories of land users.
PubDate: 2024-05-03
DOI: 10.1007/s42532-024-00182-0
- Assessing public perceptions of the cultural ecosystem services waterfront
spaces provide along the Huangpu River in Shanghai, China, in support of
urban waterfront planning and design-
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Abstract: Abstract Urban waterfront green space is a critical component of urban ecosystems and can provide various types of cultural ecosystem services (CESs). In this study, the CESs of six waterfront green spaces with different planned functions in different areas along the Huangpu River were assessed, and a framework of CES types applicable to the assessment of waterfront green spaces was proposed. Based on an investigation of the basic indicators of different waterfront green spaces and the differences in planning in the regions where they are located, we explored the factors affecting the public's perception of CESs. We found that a waterfront green space with a clear theme and amusement facilities with special features improved public perceptions of CESs. Improved water accessibility and many winding walkways can increase the diversity of outdoor activities. The discrepancy between public perceptions of CESs and the CESs that city managers hope waterfront green spaces to provide in urban planning may be due to a lack of a detailed introduction to facilities for public within green spaces. We suggest promoting the public perception of CESs provided by waterfront green spaces through improved water accessibility and enhanced descriptions of their facilities. The results and suggestions generated from this study offer insights into the future planning and design of urban waterfront green spaces.
PubDate: 2024-04-04
DOI: 10.1007/s42532-024-00181-1
- Examining (in)justice, environmental activism and indigenous knowledge
systems in the Indian film Kantara (Mystical Forest)-
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Abstract: Abstract The acquisition of knowledge encompasses various dimensions that should be consolidated to facilitate a comprehensive and holistic advancement of its trajectory. In this context, the article explores the film Kantara: A Legend (Shetty in Kantara: a legend [film], Hombale Films, 2022), a Kannada-language production from India and its significance in highlighting the importance of indigenous knowledge systems, local customs, demigods and the sacredness attributed to the forest. The article explicates the marginalization of these knowledge systems and the community’s vulnerability to epistemic and environmental injustices. Additionally, the article highlights the importance of the sacredness of their land and the community’s engagement in activism. The study concludes by examining how a film such as Kantara serves as a means to disseminate the notion of environmental activism to a wide audience.
PubDate: 2024-04-02
DOI: 10.1007/s42532-024-00180-2
- Shifting the language of ‘invasion’ ecology: two-eyed seeing as a
framework for discourse regarding introduced species-
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Abstract: Abstract Discourse used in the field of invasion ecology has significant impacts on society's perception, yet communication related to “invasives” is rife with problematic, exclusionary language. We provide potential solutions, including a repositioned perspective that may facilitate better relationships with the natural world by applying the two-eyed seeing framework. Our discussion calls for a paradigm shift for deeper understandings of human and more-than-human relationships. Ultimately, we advocate for respectful, considerate, and intentional language and stewardship.
PubDate: 2024-03-12
DOI: 10.1007/s42532-024-00179-9
- To the avid gardeners of SEPR community knowledge garden
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PubDate: 2024-02-16
DOI: 10.1007/s42532-024-00176-y
- Correction to: The role of fisheries cooperative societies in addressing
small-scale fishery predicaments in Northern Sri Lanka-
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PubDate: 2024-02-08
DOI: 10.1007/s42532-024-00177-x
- The role of fisheries cooperative societies in addressing small-scale
fishery predicaments in Northern Sri Lanka-
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Abstract: Abstract The issues related to the small-scale fisheries operating in Northern Sri Lanka are multifaceted. These issues are intensifying with the recent challenges like COVID-19 and the prevailing economic crisis in the country and influenced by pluralistic managerial structures. However, how these fishery resources and related livelihoods are being managed amidst these issues has yet to be explored. Eight fisheries cooperative societies in Northern Sri Lanka were studied using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. The aim was to understand their role as co-management entities to address the prevailing issues related to small-scale fisheries. As a result, the following three key themes were extracted—(1) the transboundary poaching by the Indian trawler fleet followed by the impact of the recent economic crisis combined with COVID-19, (2) the mistargeted blue economy ambitions of the Sri Lanka state government, and (3) poor fisheries management practices in Sri Lanka. The efforts by the fisheries cooperative societies to maintain the fishing activities sustainably were highlighted. However, concurrently, limited state efforts in expediting the solutions for chronic issues (e.g. Indian bottom trawling) and acute issues (pandemic and economic crisis) were identified as criticised by the fisheries cooperative societies. The role of institutions (e.g. fisheries cooperative societies, government) is at stake with the increasing vulnerability of the fisherfolks. Finally, recommendations were made to increase the sustainability of these co-management institutions and for transboundary fishery issues.
PubDate: 2024-01-17
DOI: 10.1007/s42532-023-00174-6
- The emerging identity and reputation of SEPR
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PubDate: 2024-01-16
DOI: 10.1007/s42532-023-00171-9
- Assessing differential socio-demographic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic
on urban livelihood capitals in suburban Accra, Ghana-
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Abstract: Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a debilitating socio-economic impact on livelihoods across the world. Extant studies show that livelihood capitals in developing countries have been hard hit due to their vulnerability and the minimal support system available to help people respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet the extent of the pandemic’s impact on livelihood capitals may not be the same for the various socio-demographic groups. Using quantitative techniques, this study examines the differential impact of the pandemic on the livelihood capitals of different socio-demographic groups in suburban Accra, Ghana. The study found significant differences in the pandemic’s impact on the livelihood capitals for various socio-demographic groups, such as gender, income, household sizes, and age groups. The findings show how framing the pandemic’s impacts through an urban livelihood capital-socio-demographic nexus lens enables a more complex, socially conscious, and locally placed understanding of the health risks. Furthermore, findings provide impetus for disaster interventions to transcend normative policies and practices that oversimplify disaster risks from a single vulnerability context and focus on at-risk groups.
PubDate: 2024-01-15
DOI: 10.1007/s42532-023-00173-7
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